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Estimation of soil carbon pools in the forests of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan

Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第6期31卷 2313-2321页

作者： Anwar Ali muhammad irfan ashraf Saeed Gulzar muhammad Akmal Bilal Ahmad Pakistan Forest Institute Peshawar 25130Pakistan Department of Forestry and Range Management PMAS Arid Agriculture UniversityRawalpindi 46300Pakistan Institute of Soil Science PMAS Arid Agriculture UniversityRawalpindi 46300Pakistan Institute of Agriculture Sciences and Forestry University of SwatSwat 19130Pakistan

Forest soils have high carbon densities compared to other *** carbon sequestration is important to reduce CO 2 concentrations in the *** eff ective climate change mitigation strategy involves limiting the emissions of greenhouse gases from *** Pakhtunkhwa is the most forested province of Pakistan,hosting about one-third of the country’s 4.5×106 ha forest *** organic carbon in the province’s forests was estimated through a fi eld-based study carried out during 2014–17 covering the whole *** was collected from 373 sample plots laid out in diff erent forest types using a stratifi ed cluster sampling *** total quantity of soil organic carbon was estimated at 59.4×106 t with an average of 52.4±5.3 t/*** 69%of the total soil carbon is present in temperate *** broad-leaved and subtropical pine forests constitute 11.4%and 8.8%of the soil carbon stock ***,subalpine and oak forests have respective shares of 5.1%and 5.7%in the soil carbon *** lowest carbon stock(0.1%)was found in dry-tropical thorn *** highest soil carbon density was found in subalpine forests(69.5±7.2 t/ha)followed by moist temperate forests(68.5±6.7 t/ha)and dry temperate forests(60.7±6.5 t/ha).Oak forests have carbon density of 43.4±7.1 t/*** pine,subtropical broad-leaved and dry tropical thorn forests have soil carbon densities of 36.3±3.7,32.8±6.2 and 31.5±3.5 t/ha,*** forests of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province have substantial amounts of soil carbon which must be conserved for climate change mitigation and maintenance of sound forest health.

关键词： Soil carbon Carbon sequestration Climate change Carbon sink Forests Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

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Exploring the potential of Sentinel-2A satellite data for aboveground biomass estimation in fragmented Himalayan subtropical pine forest

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Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第12期17卷 2880-2896页

作者： Mobushir Riaz KHANI Iftikhar Ahmad KHAN muhammad Hasan Ali BAIG LIU Zheng-jia muhammad irfan ashraf School of Environmental Science Charles Sturt UniversityAlburyNSW 2640Australia Institute of Geo-information&Earth Observation Arid Agriculture University RawalpindiPakistan&(ii)Department of ForestAzad Jammu&Kashmir Muzaffarabad-i3100Pakistan Institute of Geo-information&Earth Observation(IGEO) PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi 46300Pakistan Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Department of Forestry&Range Management PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi 46300Pakistan

The Sentinel-2 A satellite having embedded advantage of red edge spectral bands offers multispectral imageries with improved spatial,spectral and temporal resolutions as compared to the other contemporary satellites providing medium resolution *** study was aimed at exploring the potential of Sentinel-2 A imagery to estimate Above Ground Biomass(AGB) of Subtropical Pine Forest in Pakistan administered *** developed an AGB predictive model using field inventory and Sentinel 2 A based spectral and textural parameters along with topographic features derived from ALOS Digital Elevation Model(DEM).Field inventory data was collected from 108 randomly distributed plots(0.1 ha each) across the study *** stepwise linear regression method was employed to investigate the potential relationship between field data and corresponding satellite *** and carbon mapping of the study area was carried out through established AGB estimation model with R(o.86),R2(0.74),adjusted R2(0.72) and RMSE value of 33 t/*** results showed that first order textures(mean,standard deviation and variance) significantly contributed in AGB predictive modeling while only one spectral band ratio made contribution from spectral *** study leads to the conclusion that Sentinel-2 A optical data is a potential source for AGB estimation in subtropical pine forest of the area of interest with added benefit of its free of cost availability,higher quality data and long-term continuity that can be utilized for biomass carbon distribution mapping in the resource constraint study area for sustainable forest management.

关键词： Field inventory Forest Biomass Sentinel 2A AGB Modelling Spectral features Textures

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Data Information integrated Neural Network (DINN) algorithm for modelling and interpretation performance analysis for energy systems

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Energy and AI 2024年第2期16卷 306-315页

作者： Waqar muhammad ashraf Vivek Dua The Sargent Centre for Process Systems Engineering Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonTorrington PlaceLondon WC1E 7JEUK

Developing a well-predictive machine learning model that also offers improved interpretability is a key challenge to widen the application of artificial intelligence in various application domains. In this work, we present a Data Information integrated Neural Network (DINN) algorithm that incorporates the correlation information present in the dataset for the model development. The predictive performance of DINN is also compared with a standard artificial neural network (ANN) model. The DINN algorithm is applied on two case studies of energy systems namely energy efficiency cooling (ENC) & energy efficiency heating (ENH) of the buildings, and power generation from a 365 MW capacity industrial gas turbine. For ENC, DINN presents lower mean RMSE for testing datasets (RMSE_test = 1.23 %) in comparison with the ANN model (RMSE_test = 1.41 %). Similarly, DINN models have presented better predictive performance to model the output variables of the two case studies. The input perturbation analysis following the Gaussian distribution for noise generation reveals the order of significance of the variables, as made by DINN, can be better explained by the domain knowledge of the power generation operation of the gas turbine. This research work demonstrates the potential advantage to integrate the information present in the data for the well-predictive model development complemented with improved interpretation performance thereby opening avenues for industry-wide inclusion and other potential applications of machine learning.

关键词： Explainable AI Model interpretation Scientific machine learning Artificial neural network Loss function

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Optimization Algorithms of PERT/CPM Network Diagrams in Linear Diophantine Fuzzy Environment

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第4期139卷 1095-1118页

作者： Mani Parimala Karthikeyan Prakash ashraf Al-Quran muhammad Riaz Saeid Jafari Department of Mathematics Bannari Amman Institute of TechnologySathyamangalamTamil Nadu638401India Basic Sciences Department Preparatory Year DeanshipKing Faisal UniversityAl-Ahsa31982Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics University of the PunjabLahorePakistan College of Vestsjaelland South Herrestraede 11Slagelse4200Denmark

The idea of linear Diophantine fuzzy set(LDFS)theory with its control parameters is a strong model for machine learning and optimization under *** activity times in the critical path method(CPM)representation procedures approach are initially static,but in the Project Evaluation and Review Technique(PERT)approach,they are *** study proposes a novel way of project review and assessment methodology for a project network in a linear Diophantine fuzzy(LDF)*** LDF expected task time,LDF variance,LDF critical path,and LDF total expected time for determining the project network are all computed using LDF numbers as the time of each activity in the project *** primary premise of the LDF-PERT approach is to address ambiguities in project network activity timesmore simply than other approaches such as conventional PERT,Fuzzy PERT,and so *** LDF-PERT is an efficient approach to analyzing symmetries in fuzzy control systems to seek an optimal *** also present a new approach for locating LDF-CPM in a project network with uncertain and erroneous activity *** the available resources and activity times are imprecise and unpredictable,this strategy can help decision-makers make better judgments in a project.A comparison analysis of the proposed technique with the existing techniques has also been *** suggested techniques are demonstrated with two suitable numerical examples.

关键词： Linear Diophantine fuzzy graphs project management PERT CPM linear Diophantine fuzzy numbers score function accuracy function

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Divergent consequences of bio-resources on morphological plasticity and biochemical responses in early-stage leguminous species:Sustainable productivity approaches

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第3期15卷 312-321页

作者： Taimoor Hassan Farooq muhammad Farrakh Nawaz muhammad Qasid Awais Shakoor irfan Ahmad Sadaf Gul Khuram Shahzad Xiaoyong Chen Bangor College China A Joint Unit of Bangor University and Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangsha 410004China Institute of Environmental Studies University of KarachiKarachi 75270Pakistan Department of Forestry and Range Management University of Agriculture FaisalabadPakistan Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney UniversityPenrithNSW 2751Australia Department of Botany University of KarachiKarachi 75270Pakistan Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesChaoyang DistrictBeijing 100101China College of Arts and Sciences Governors State UniversityUniversity ParkIL 60484USA

Inorganic resources can be detrimental to the environment when *** comparison,organic resources help balance the soil’s carbon and nitrogen(C/N)ratio,enhance soil fertility and benefit ecological *** climate crises,rapid urbanization,and fast population growth are causing many natural forests to be converted to agricultural and industrial lands to fulfill ever-increasing food and developmental *** of different bio-resources becomes necessary for sustainable productivity of available *** study explores the effects of various organic amendments on the growth,morpho-physiological and biochemical attributes of three leguminous tree species:Dalbergia sissoo,Vachellia nilotica,and Acacia ampliceps,concerning sustainable ***-year-old healthy,disease-free,and homogenous seedlings were used as study material in a greenhouse pot *** organic amendments,i.e.,compost(CMP),cow dung(CD),poultry manure(PM),and biochar(BC),along with a control(CK)treatment,were *** showed that all the organic amendments performed significantly better(P<0.05)than *** produced the most significant results,followed by BC application,while PM influence was the *** all treatments and species,the maximum values of root length,root biomass,chlorophyll content,carotenoids,catalase,and total phenolic content were recorded under the CD *** for plant height and collar diameter,no big differences were observed between CD and BC(P=0.054).While comparing species,*** growth was significantly enhanced under organic amendments,followed by *** and comparative results of studied parameters conclude that CD and BC were the most effective organic amendments,which greatly improved the growth of experimental leguminous tree species;this makes these two biofertilizers a powerful tool for sustainable agricultural *** study contributes toward an enhanced understanding of plant’

关键词： Bio-fertilizers Crop productivity Ecological sustainability Nitrogen fixation Organic cultivation Physiological responses

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The Spherical q-Linear Diophantine Fuzzy Multiple-Criteria Group Decision-Making Based on Differential Measure

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第2期138卷 1925-1950页

作者： Huzaira Razzaque Shahzaib ashraf muhammad Naeem Yu-Ming Chu Institute of Mathematics Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering&Information TechnologyRahim Yar Khan64200Pakistan Department of Mathematics Deanship of Applied SciencesUmm Al-Qura UniversityMeccaSaudi Arabia Department of Mathematics Huzhou UniversityHuzhou313000China

Spherical q-linearDiophantine fuzzy sets(Sq-LDFSs)provedmore effective for handling uncertainty and vagueness in multi-criteria decision-making(MADM).It does not only cover the data in two variable parameters but is also beneficial for three parametric *** Pythagorean fuzzy sets,the difference is calculated only between two parameters(membership and non-membership).According to human thoughts,fuzzy data can be found in three parameters(membership uncertainty,and non-membership).So,to make a compromise decision,comparing Sq-LDFSs is *** measures of different fuzzy sets do,however,can have several flaws that can lead to counterintuitive *** instance,they treat any increase or decrease in the membership degree as the same as the non-membership degree because the uncertainty does not change,even though each parameter has a different *** the Sq-LDFSs comparison,this research develops the differentialmeasure(DFM).Themain goal of the DFM is to cover the unfair arguments that come from treating different types of FSs opposing criteria *** to their relative positions in the attribute space and the similarity of their membership and non-membership degrees,two Sq-LDFSs formthis preference connectionwhen the uncertainty remains same in both *** to the degree of superiority or inferiority,two Sq-LDFSs are shown as identical,equivalent,superior,or inferior over one *** suggested DFM’s fundamental characteristics are *** on the newly developed DFM,a unique approach tomultiple criterion group decision-making is *** suggestedmethod verifies the novel way of calculating the expert weights for Sq-LDFSS as in *** proposed technique in three parameters is applied to evaluate solid-state drives and choose the optimum photovoltaic cell in two applications by taking uncertainty parameter *** method’s applicability and validity shown by the findings are contrasted with those obtained using various

关键词： Multi-criteria group decision-making spherical q-linear Diophantine fuzzy sets differencemeasures photovoltaic cells medical diagnosis

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An Artificial Intelligence-Based Framework for Fruits Disease Recognition Using Deep Learning

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2024年第2期48卷 529-554页

作者： irfan Haider muhammad Attique Khan muhammad Nazir Taerang Kim Jae-Hyuk Cha Department of Computer Science HITEC UniversityTaxila47080Pakistan Department of Computer Science Hanyang UniversitySeoulKorea

Fruit infections have an impact on both the yield and the quality of the *** a result,an automated recognition system for fruit leaf diseases is *** artificial intelligence(AI)applications,especially in agriculture,deep learning shows promising disease detection and classification *** recent AI-based techniques have a few challenges for fruit disease recognition,such as low-resolution images,small datasets for learning models,and irrelevant feature *** work proposed a new fruit leaf leaf leaf disease recognition framework using deep learning features and improved pathfinder *** fruit types have been employed in this work for the validation process,such as apple,grape,and *** the first step,a noisy dataset is prepared by employing the original images to learn the designed framework *** EfficientNet-B0 deep model is fine-tuned on the next step and trained separately on the original and noisy *** that,features are fused using a serial concatenation approach that is later optimized in the next step using an improved Path Finder Algorithm(PFA).This algorithm aims to select the best features based on the fitness score and ignore redundant *** selected features are finally classified using machine learning classifiers such as Medium Neural Network,Wide Neural Network,and Support Vector *** experimental process was conducted on each fruit dataset separately and obtained an accuracy of 100%,99.7%,99.7%,and 93.4%for apple,grape,Citrus fruit,and citrus plant leaves,respectively.A detailed analysis is conducted and also compared with the recent techniques,and the proposed framework shows improved accuracy.

关键词： Fruit disease contrast enhancement augmentation deep learning fusion feature selection classification

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The temporal-spatial expression and functional analysis of three gustatory receptor genes in Solenopsis invicta using sweet and bitter compounds

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Insect Science 2024年第2期31卷 448-468页

作者： muhammad irfan Waris Yanyuan Lei Guojun Qi Ziying Guan Abdul Rashied Jie Chen Lihua Lyu Institute of Plant Protection Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant ProtectionGuangzhouChina Department of Entomology College of Plant ProtectionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina

The insect gustatory system participates in identifying potential food sources and avoiding toxic *** this process,gustatory receptors(GRs)recognize feeding stimulant and deterrent ***,the GRs involved in recognizing stimulant and deterrent compounds in the red imported fire ant,Solenopsis invicta,remain ***,we conducted a study on the genes SinvGR1,SinvGR32b,and SinvGR28a to investigate the roles of GRs in detecting feeding stimulant and deterrent *** this current study,we found that sucrose and fructose are feeding stimulants and the bitter compound quinine is a feeding *** fire ant workers showed significant behavior changes to avoid the bitter taste in feeding stimulant *** transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results from developmental stages showed that the SinvGR1,SinvGR32b,and SinvGR28a genes were highly expressed in fire ant ***-specific expression profiles indicated that SinvGR1,SinvGR32b,and SinvGR28a were specifically expressed in the antennae and foreleg tarsi of workers,whereas SinvGR32b gene transcripts were also highly accumulated in the male ***,the silencing of SinvGRI or SinvGR32b alone and the co-silencing of both genes disrupted worker stimulation and feeding on sucrose and *** results also showed that SinvGR28a is required for avoiding quinine,as workers with knockdown of the SinvGR28a gene failed to avoid and fed on *** study first identified stimulant and deterrent compounds of fire ant workers and then the GRs involved in the taste recognition of these *** study could provide potential target gustatory genes for the control of the fire ant.

关键词： behavioral responses feeding assays gustatory receptors RNA interference Solenopsis invicta temporal-spatial expression

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Development of biomedical hydrogels for rheumatoid arthritis treatment

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2024年第1期19卷 35-48页

作者： Mirza muhammad Faran ashraf Baig Lee KiWong Abdul Wasy Zia Hongkai Wu Department of Chemistry Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong 999077China Institute of Mechanical Process and Energy Engineering(IMPEE)School of Engineering and Physical SciencesHeriot-Watt UniversityEdinburghUnited Kingdom

Rheumatoid Arthritis(RA)is an autoimmune disorder that hinders the normal functioning of bones and joints and reduces the quality of human *** year,millions of people are diagnosed with RA worldwide,particularly among elderly individuals and ***,there is a global need to develop new biomaterials,medicines and therapeutic methods for treating *** will improve the Healthcare Access and Quality Index and also relieve administrative and financial burdens on healthcare service providers at a global *** are soft and cross-linked polymeric materials that can store a chunk of fluids,drugs and biomolecules for hydration and therapeutic *** are biocompatible and exhibit excellent mechanical properties,such as providing elastic cushions to articulating joints by mimicking the natural synovial ***,hydrogels create a natural biological environment within the synovial cavity to reduce autoimmune reactions and *** also lubricate the articulating joint surfaces to prevent degradation of synovial surfaces of bones and cartilage,thus exhibiting high potential for treating *** work reviews the progress in injectable and implantable hydrogels,synthesis methods,types of drugs,advantages and ***,it discusses the role of hydrogels in targeted drug delivery,mechanistic behaviour and tribological performance for RA treatment.

关键词： Rheumatoid arthritis Orthopeadic joints Hydrogel Therapeutics Mechanical properties Medicine

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第2期17卷 265-271页

作者： Yuen Keat Gan Shiivaa Manjare Birapadian muhammad irfan Abdul Jalal Norshamsiah Md Din Department of Ophthalmology Faculty of MedicineUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKuala Lumpur 56000Malaysia UKM Molecular Biology Institute Universiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKuala Lumpur 56000Malaysia Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz Jalan Yaacob LatifBandar Tun RazakKuala Lumpur 56000Malaysia

AIM:To report the outcome of Baerveldt glaucoma implant(BGI)with Supramid©ripcord use in neovascular glaucoma(NVG).METHODS:We retrospectively evaluated the surgical outcome of the BGI with Supramid©3/0 ripcord stent in patients with *** tube ligation or venting slits were *** was removed after 3mo if the target intraocular pressure(IOP)was not *** success was defined as IOP≤21 mm Hg with(qualified success)or without IOP-lowering medications(complete success).RESULTS:Twenty-six eyes from 24 patients were included in the *** median duration of follow-up was 4[interquartile range(IQR)=1-5]y,ranging from 0.5 to *** decreased by a mean of 24.2 mm Hg(59.7%);from a mean of 40.5±12.6 mm Hg at baseline to 16.3±11.9 mm Hg,P≤*** number of glaucoma medications reduced from a median of 5(IQR=5-6)to 1(IQR=0-2,P≤0.001)at the final *** success rates were 88.0%at 1y,34.8%at 3y,66.7%at 4y,and 50%at *** phase(HP)in the first 3mo occurred in 15/26 eyes(57.7%)with a mean IOP of 31.1 mm ***:BGI with Supramid©ripcord stent gives close to 90%of the overall survival rate at the final follow-up without significant early ***,early HP is still a challenge.

关键词： neovascular glaucoma Supramid ripcord stent Baerveldt glaucoma implant

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