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Reconfigurable intelligent surface-aided wireless communications: An overview

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Intelligent and Converged Networks 2022年第1期3卷 33-63页

作者： muhammad Zain siddiqi Talha Mir Department of Electronic Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Electronic Engineering Faculty of ICTBUITEMSQuetta 87300Pakistan

The reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)is an emerging technology,which will hopefully bring a new revolution in wireless *** RIS technology can be deployed in an indoor/outdoor environment to dynamically manipulate the propagation *** RIS consists of a large number of independently controllable passive elements,and these elements are involved in realizing high passive beamforming *** from the conventional active phased antenna array,there is no dedicated radio-frequency(RF)chain installed at the RIS to perform complex signal processing ***,it does not incur additional noise while retransmitting the incident wave,which is substantially a unique feature from the conventional wireless communication *** advantage of its working principle,RIS has been deployed in various practical *** this tutorial,at first we will review the latest advances in RIS,including the application scenarios such as the system and channel model,the information theoretic analysis,the physical realization and design,key signal processing techniques such as precoding and channel estimation,and ***,we discuss interesting future research problems for the RIS-aided communications.

关键词： reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS) wireless communications new paradigm

An Adaptive Edge Detection Algorithm for Weed Image Analysis

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第12期47卷 3011-3031页

作者： Yousef Alhwaiti muhammad Hameed siddiqi Irshad Ahmad College of Computer and Information Sciences Jouf UniversitySakakaAljouf73211Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Islamia College(Chartered University)Peshawar25000Pakistan

Weeds are one of the utmost damaging agricultural annoyers that have a major influence on *** have the responsibility to get higher production costs due to the waste of crops and also have a major influence on the worldwide agricultural *** significance of such concern got motivation in the research community to explore the usage of technology for the detection of weeds at early stages that support farmers in agricultural *** weed methods have been proposed for these fields;however,these algorithms still have challenges as they were implemented against controlled ***,in this paper,a weed image analysis approach has been proposed for the system of weed *** this system,for preprocessing,a Homomorphic filter is exploited to diminish the environmental ***,for feature extraction,an adaptive feature extraction method is proposed that exploited edge *** proposed technique estimates the directions of the edges while accounting for non-maximum *** method has several benefits,including its ease of use and ability to extend to other types of ***,low-level details in the formof features are extracted to identify weeds,and additional techniques for detecting cultured weeds are utilized if *** the processing of weed images,certain edges may be verified as a footstep function,and our technique may outperform other operators such as gradient *** relevant details are extracted to generate a feature vector that is further given to a classifier for weed ***,the features have been used in logistic regression for weed *** model was assessed against logistic regression that accurately identified different kinds of weed images in naturalistic *** proposed approach attained weighted average recognition of 98.5%against the weed images ***,it is assumed that the proposed approach might help in the weed classification s

关键词： Weeds images classification enhancement logistic regression agricultural fields remote sensing

Vegetation-environment relationship in conifer dominating forests of the mountainous range of Indus Kohistan in northern Pakistan

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Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第8期17卷 1989-2000页

作者： Adam KHAN Moinuddin AHMED muhammad Faheem siddiqi Mohib SHAH Eduardo Soares CALIXTO Afsheen KHAN Paras SHAH Javed IQBAL muhammad AZEEM Department of Botany University of BunerSwari 19290Pakistan Dr.Moinuddin Ahmed Research Laboratory of Dendrochronology and Plant Ecology Department of Botany FederalUrdu University of ArtsScience and Technology Gulshan-e-Iqbal campus KarachiKarachi 75300Pakistan Department of Botany University of Karachi Karachi 75270Pakistan Department of Botany Abdul Wali Khan University MardanMardan 23200Pakistan Department of Entomology University of Sao PauloRibeirao PretoRibeirao Preto 14040-900Brazil Dr.Abdul Ghaffar laboratory of Plant Pathology and Aerobiology Department of BotanyFederal Urdu University ofArtsScience and Technology Gulshan-e-Iqbal campus KarachiKarachi 75300Pakistan

Environmental variables play a crucial role in shaping vegetation structure,mainly in mountainous *** studies have attempted to identify the environment-vegetation relationship of Conifer Dominating Forests(CDF)***,due to differences in local climate and soil composition,different environmental drivers can be *** applying multivariate analysis techniques,this study investigated the vegetation-environment relationship of CDF of Indus Kohistan in northern *** results showed that CDF of Indus Kohistan are distributed in five distinct ecological groups,which are dominated by different trees and understory species.A total of 7 trees and 71 understory species were recorded from the sampling *** deodara was the leading species among four groups,having the highest importance value(IV),density and basal *** I was dominated by Pinus wallichiana with the second highest importance value,density and basal *** addition,elevation,slope,maximum water holding capacity(MWHC),soil moisture(SM),total organic matter(TOM),sodium,phosphorus and nickel showed highly significant influence on composition and distribution pattern of Indus Kohistan ***,this study shows a new evidence of vegetation-environment relationship,pointing out specific drivers of vegetation structure in CDF of Indus Kohistan region in northern Pakistan.

关键词： Conifer forests Understory species Environmental variables Multivariate analysis Indus Kohistan Northern Pakistan

Performance Analysis of Intelligent Neural-Based Deep Learning System on Rank Images Classification

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第11期47卷 2219-2239页

作者： muhammad Hameed siddiqi Asfandyar Khan muhammad Bilal Khan Abdullah Khan Madallah Alruwaili Saad Alanazi College of Computer and Information Sciences Jouf UniversitySakakaAljouf73211Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Institute of Computer Science and Information Technology ICS/IT FMCSUniversity of AgriculturePeshawar25000Pakistan

The use of the internet is increasing all over the world on a daily basis in the last two *** increase in the internet causes many sexual crimes,such as sexual misuse,domestic violence,and child *** research has been done for pornographic image detection and *** of the used models used machine learning techniques and deep learning models which show less accuracy,while the deep learning model ware used for classification and detection performed better as compared to machine ***,this research evaluates the performance analysis of intelligent neural-based deep learning models which are based on Convolution neural network(CNN),Visual geometry group(VGG-16),VGG-14,and Residual Network(ResNet-50)with the expanded dataset,trained using transfer learning approaches applied in the fully connected layer for datasets to classify rank(Pornographic ***)classification in *** simulation result shows that VGG-16 performed better than the used model in this study without augmented *** VGG-16 model with augmented data reached a training and validation accuracy of 0.97,0.94 with a loss of 0.070,*** precision,recall,and f-measure values for explicit and non-explicit images are(0.94,0.94,0.94)and(0.94,0.94,0.94).Similarly,The VGG-14 model with augmented data reached a training and validation accuracy of 0.98,0.96 with a loss of 0.059,*** f-measure,recall,and precision values for explicit and non-explicit images are(0.98,0.98,0.98)and(0.98,0.98,0.98).The CNN model with augmented data reached a training and validation accuracy of 0.776&0.78 with losses of 0.48&*** f-measure,recall,and precision values for explicit and non-explicit images are(0.80,0.80,0.80)and(0.78,0.79,0.78).The ResNet-50 model with expanded data reached with training accuracy of 0.89 with a loss of 0.389 and 0.86 of validation accuracy and a loss of *** f-measure,recall,and precision values for explicit and non-explicit

关键词： VGG-16 VGG-14 pornography detection expansion ResNet-50 convolution neural network(CNN) machine learning

A Template Matching Based Feature Extraction for Activity Recognition

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第7期72卷 611-634页

作者： muhammad Hameed siddiqi Helal Alshammari Amjad Ali Madallah Alruwaili Yousef Alhwaiti Saad Alanazi M.M.Kamruzzaman College of Computer and Information Sciences Jouf UniversitySakakaAljouf2014Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science COMSATS University IslamabadLahore CampusPakistan

Human activity recognition(HAR)can play a vital role in the monitoring of human activities,particularly for healthcare conscious *** accuracy of HAR systems is completely reliant on the extraction of prominent *** methods find it very challenging to extract optimal features due to the dynamic nature of activities,thereby reducing recognition *** this paper,we propose a robust feature extraction method for HAR systems based on template ***,in this method,we want to associate a template of an activity frame or sub-frame comprising the corresponding *** this regard,the template is placed on the frame pixels to calculate the equivalent number of pixels in the template correspondent those in the *** process is replicated for the whole frame,and the pixel is directed to the optimum *** best count is estimated to be the pixel where the silhouette(provided via the template)presented inside the *** this way,the feature vector is *** feature vector generation,the hiddenMarkovmodel(HMM)has been utilized to label the incoming *** utilized different publicly available standard datasets for *** proposed method achieved the best accuracy against existing state-of-the-art systems.

关键词： Activity recognition feature extraction template matching video surveillance

A Health Monitoring System Using IoT-Based Android Mobile Application

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第11期47卷 2293-2311页

作者： Madallah Alruwaili muhammad Hameed siddiqi Kamran Farid muhammad Azad Saad Alanazi Asfandyar Khan Abdullah Khan College of Computer and Information Sciences Jouf UniversitySakakaAl-Jouf73211Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Institute of Computer Science and Information Technology The University of Agriculture PeshawarPeshawar25000Pakistan

Numerous types of research on healthcare monitoring systems have been conducted for calculating heart rate,ECG,nasal/oral airflow,temperature,light sensor,and fall detection *** researchers have done different work in the field of health monitoring with sensor *** researchers used built-in apps,such as some used a small number of parameters,while some other studies used more than one microcontroller and used senders and receivers among the microcontrollers to communicate,and outdated tools for study *** no efficient,cheap,and updated work is proposed in the field of sensor-based health monitoring ***,this study developed an android-based mobile system that can remotely monitor electrocardiograms(ECGs),pulse oximetry,heart rate,and body *** microcontroller’s Wi-Fi device is used to manage wireless data *** findings of the patient are saved on the Firebase server for further usage in the mobile *** performance of the proposed device is tested on ten numbers of different patients age-wise in terms of beats per minute(BPM),ECG,Temperature,and *** system uses temperature,pulse,ECG,blood pressure,and eye blink *** device makes the usage of a tiny pulse sensor that has been designed to provide an accurate and optimal readout of the pulse rate and a temperature sensor is also *** the help of an MCU,our system measures the pulse rate in beats per minute(bpm),blood oxygen level temperature measurements,and ECG readings and communicates this information to the Firebase *** check the performance of the proposed system first,the BPM parameter was checked on the cardiac ***,the proposed model is tested on different patients *** simulation result shows that the BPM reading is not much different than the BPM of the cardiac *** to the simulation findings,the proposed model achieved the best performance as compared to commercially available

关键词： ICUs DS18B20 sensors SpO2 AD8232 sensors ECGs Internet of Things

Multiphase Flow Simulations through Tarbela Dam Spillways and Tunnels

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2010年第6期2卷 532-539页

作者： muhammad Abid Muftooh Ur Rehman siddiqi 不详

Tarbela dam is one of the largest earth filled dam in the world used for power generation and irrigation purposes. Like all reservoirs the sediments inflow in the Tarbela reservoir has resulted in reduction in water storage capacity and is also causing damage to the tunnels, power generating units and ultimately to the plant equipment. This numerical study was performed to predict the flow patterns and characteristics in Tarbela dam. Tunnel 3 and 4 inlets;originally on the bed level were raised in the 3-D model and meshed. Analysis was performed using multiphase flow (water and air) for maximum inflow in the reservoir, i.e., considering summer season and discharging water through different locations, i.e., tunnels and spillways. Pressure, velocities, flow rate and free surface height results obtained were found in good agreement with the analytical and existing results where available. Results show uneven discharge through each gate due to maximum velocity near exits and overall stagnant phenomena of water within the reservoir. Maximum velocity was observed along the spillways outlet. Strong vortex motion was observed near the spillways outlet and tunnel inlets. New design of Tunnel 3 and 4 were suggested to WAPDA in order to decrease the sediment inflow and improvements in design of the spillways were suggested.

关键词： Tarbela Dam Reservoir Flow Simulation Multiphase Flow Spillways Tunnels

The <i>m</i>-Point Quaternary Approximating Subdivision Schemes

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American Journal of Computational Mathematics 2013年第1期3卷 6-10页

作者： Shahid S. siddiqi muhammad Younis Centre for Undergraduate Studies University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan Department of Mathematics University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan

In this article, the objective is to introduce an algorithm to produce the quaternary m-point (for any integer m>1) approximating subdivision schemes, which have smaller support and higher smoothness, comparing to binary and ternary schemes. The proposed algorithm has been derived from uniform B-spline basis function using the Cox-de Boor recursion formula. In order to determine the convergence and smoothness of the proposed schemes, the Laurent polynomial method has been used.

关键词： Cox-De Boor Recursion Formula Quaternary Approximating Subdivision Schemes Convergence and Smoothness

Anti-inflammatory activity of ginsenosides in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells

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Science Bulletin 2015年第8期60卷 773-784,M0003页

作者： Sungeun Ahn muhammad Hanif siddiqi Hae-Yong Noh Yu-Jin Kim Yeon-Ju Kim Chi-Gyu Jin Deok-Chun Yang Ginseng Genetic Bank Graduate School of BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science Kyung Hee University

Ginsenosides, the main active constituents of Panax ginseng Meyer （P. ginseng）, have potential therapeutic effects. All tested ginsenosides except gin- senoside F1 have previously been reported in inflammation studies using the RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. We ex- amined the anti-inflammatory effects of single sugar moiety ginsenosides such as compound K （CK）, Rh2, Rhl, and F1 that were isolated from P. ginseng through in silico docking studies. We investigated their biological activity predictions, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity and PASS properties, on the suppression of NF- κB, followed by in vitro validation in lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The molecular docking results of our study showed that all treated ginsenosides are non-toxic and may be drug-like molecules. The molecular binding interactions of these ginsenosides with the active residues of NF-κB noticeably support their anti-inflammatory activity. CK and Rhl sig- nificantly reduced the production of nitric oxide, cyclooxy- genase-2 （COX-2）, and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as prostaglandin E2 and tumor necrosis factor alpha （TNF-α） in a dose-dependent manner. Real-time PCR and Western blot analyses further confirmed that protopanaxadiols （PPDs） and protopanaxatriols （PPTs） inhibitory effects may have been due to the down-regulation of TNF-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase, COX2, nuclear factor kappa B （NF-κB）, and I kappa B kinase. The expression of co-stimulatory molecules such as ROS was also inhibited by CK and Rhl in a dose- dependent manner. Furthermore, activation of NF-κB in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages was significantly suppressed by CK and Rhl. Taken together, these results provide evidence that PPD- and PPT-type ginsenosides in- cluding CK and Rhl may exhibit strong anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting pro-inflammatory mediators through down-regulation of NF-κB.

关键词： Ginsenosides Protopanaxadiol Protopanaxatriol Inflammation NF-κB/IKK RAW 264.7