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Optimizing Energy Conservation in V2X Communications for 5G Networks

Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第5期71卷 3479-3495页

作者： Arif Husen Abid Soahil Mohammad Hijji muhammad hasanain Chaudary Farooq Ahmed 无 Department of Computer Science COMSATS University IslamabadLahore CampusLahorePunjabPakistan Department of Computer Science and Information Technology Virtual University of PakistanLahorePunjabPakistan Computer Science Department University of TabukTabukSaudi Arabia

The smart vehicles are one of critical enablers for automated services in smart cities to provide intelligent transportation means without human *** order to fulfil requirements,Vehicle-to-Anything(V2X)communications aims to manage massive connectivity and high traffic load on base stations and extend the range over multiple hops in 5G ***,V2X networking faces several challenges from dynamic topology caused by high velocity of nodes and routing overhead that degrades the network performance and increases energy *** existing routing scheme for V2X networking lacks energy efficiency and scalability for high velocity nodes with dense *** order to handle the challenges,this article proposes a scalable and energy-efficient routing scheme called Dynamic proactive reactive routing for 5G(DPR5)for high mobility speed and dense *** compared to existing schemes it uses a single routing table and efficiently minimizes the energy consumption in dense environment,improves node‘s lifetime upto 42%,and optimizes network performance by reducing the packet loss ratio upto 46%in a high velocity dense environment.

关键词： Internet of vehicles vehicle-to-any device energy conservation

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Novel drug delivery systems for inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第18期28卷 1922-1933页

作者： Farah Yasmin Hala Najeeb Shehryar Shaikh muhammad hasanain Unaiza Naeem Abdul Moeed Thoyaja Koritala Syedadeel Hasan Salim Surani Department of Medicine Dow University of Health ScienceKarachi 74200Pakistan Department of Medicine Dow OJha University HospitalKarachi 74200Pakistan Department of Medicine Mayo Clinic Health SystemMankatoMN 56001United States Department of Medicine University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY 40292United States Department of Medicine Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843United States Department of Anesthesiology Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55901United States

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a chronic illness characterized by relapsing inflammation of the *** disorder is stratified according to the severity and is marked by its two main phenotypical representations:Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s *** of the disease is ambiguous and is expected to have interactivity between genetic disposition,environmental factors such as bacterial agents,and dysregulated immune *** for IBD aims to reduce symptom extent and severity and halt disease *** mainstay drugs have been 5-aminosalicylates(5-ASAs),corticosteroids,and immunosuppressive ***,oral and rectal routes are the conventional methods of drug delivery,and among all,oral administration is most widely ***,problems of systematic drug reactions and low specificity in delivering drugs to the inflamed sites have emerged with these regular routes of *** drug delivery systems have been introduced to overcome several therapeutic obstacles and for localized drug delivery to target ***-coated microneedle pills,various nano-drug delivery techniques,prodrug systems,lipid-based vesicular systems,hybrid drug delivery systems,and biologic drug delivery systems constitute some of these novel *** are painless,they dislodge their content at the affected site,and their release can be *** bacteria such as genetically engineered Lactococcus Lactis and eukaryotic cells,including GM immune cells and red blood cells as nanoparticle carriers,can be plausible delivery methods when evaluating biologic ***-particle drug delivery systems consisting of various techniques are also employed as nanoparticles can penetrate through inflamed regions and adhere to the thick mucus of the diseased *** systems such as 5-ASAs formulations or their derivatives are effective in reducing colonic *** can be modified with both hydrophilic and lipophilic p

关键词： Inflammation Inflammatory bowel diseases Colitis Ulcerative Crohn’s disease Drug delivery systems Drug carrier

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