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Diversified calcimicrobes in dendrolites of the Zhangxia Formation, Miaolingian Series(Middle Cambrian) of the North China craton

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2021年第2期10卷 157-181页

作者： Ming-Xiang Me muhammad riaz Zhen-Wu Zhang Qing-Fen Meng Yuan Hu School of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China College of Energy Resources Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China Centre for Geographical Information System University of the PunjabLahore 54590Pakistan.

As a type of non-laminated microbial carbonates, dendrolites are dominated by isolated dendritic clusters of calcimicrobes and are distinct from stromatolites and thrombolites. The dendrolites in the upper part of the Miaolingian Zhangxia Formation at Anjiazhuang section in Feicheng city of Shandong Province, China, provide an excellent example for further understanding of both growth pattern and forming mechanism of dendrolites. These dendrolites are featured by sedimentary fabrics and composition of calcified microbes as follows.(1) The strata of massive limestones, composed of dendrolites with thickness of more than one hundred meters, intergrade with thick-bedded to massive leiolites, formimg the upper part of a third-order depositional sequence that constitutes a forced regressive systems tract.(2) A centimeter-sized bush-like fabric(shrub) typically produced by calcified microbes is similar to the mesoclot in thrombolites but distinctive from clotted fabrics of thrombolites. This bushlike fabric is actually constituted by diversified calcified microbes like the modern shrub as a result of gliding mobility of filamentous cyanobacteria. Such forms traditionally include: the Epiphyton group(which actually has uncertain biological affinity), the Hedstroemia group which closely resembles modern rivulariacean cyanobacteria,and the possible calcified cyanobacteria of the Lithocodium–Bacinella group.(3) Significantly, dense micrite of leiolite is associated with sponge fossils and burrows, and is covered by microstromatolite. The Lithocodium–Bacinella group is a controversial group of interpreted calcified cyanobacteria in the Cambrian that has also been widely observed and described in the Mesozoic. Therefore, dendrolites with symbiosis of leiolites in the studied section provide an extraordinary example for further understanding of growing style of bush-like fabrics(shrubs) of the dendrolites dominated by cyanobacterial mats. Furthermore, the present research provid

关键词： Calcified microbe Dendrolite Leiolite Epiphyton Lithocodium–Bacinella Cambrian Miaolingian Zhangxia Formation

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Metamorphic Temperature Investigation of Coexisting Calcite and Dolomite Marble Examples from Nikani Ghar Marble and Nowshera Formation,Peshawar Basin,Pakistan

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Journal of Earth Science 2016年第6期27卷 989-997页

作者： muhammad Fahad Yaseen Iqbal Mohammad riaz Rick Ubic Simon A. T. Redfern Department of Electrical Engineering COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Abbottabad 22010 Pakistan Materials Research Laboratory Department of Physics University of Peshawar Peshawar 25120 Pakistan National Centre of Excellence in Geology University ofPeshawar Peshawar 25120 Pakistan College of Engineering Boise State University Boise 83401 USA Department of Earth Sciences University of Cambridge Cambridge 999020 United Kingdom

Using marble samples from the Nikani Ghar marble and Nowshera Formation from Northern Pakistan the determination of the temperature of metamorphism was undertaken with the help of calcite-dolomite solvus geothermometer. Two types of marbles, that is, calcite-dolomite marble and quartz-bearing calcite-dolomite marble were selected. Petrographic and scanning electron microscope analysis of dolomite samples indicated different grain sizes. X-ray diffraction technique indicated the calcites MgCO3 content up to 7.93 mol.%. Nikani Ghar marble samples have shown lower contents of MgCO3 as compared to samples from Nowshera Formation. The calcite-dolomite-quartz marble has also showed relatively lower MgCO3 content and hence rather low temperature （-500 ℃）. The temperature reached during peak metamorphism of the investigated marble occurrence, based on calcitedolomite solvus was 628 ℃. Metamorphic temperatures derived from the present study were shown as a linear graph and values were in good agreement with the published literature.

关键词： calcite dolomite metamorphic temperature geothermometer X-ray diffraction.

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Benchmarking Performance of Document Level Classification and Topic Modeling

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第4期71卷 125-141页

作者： muhammad Shahid Bhatti Azmat Ullah Rohaya Latip Abid Sohail Anum riaz Rohail Hassan Department of Computer Science COMSATS University IslamabadLahorePakistan Department of Communication Technology and Network Faculty of Computer ScienceUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSelangor43400Malaysia Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business(OYAGSB) Universiti Utara Malaysia(UUM)Kuala Lumpur50300Malaysia

Text classification of low resource language is always a trivial and challenging *** paper discusses the process of Urdu news classification and Urdu documents *** is one of the most famous spoken languages in *** implementation of computational methodologies for text classification has increased over ***,Urdu language has not much experimented with research,it does not have readily available datasets,which turn out to be the primary reason behind limited research and applying the latest methodologies to the *** overcome these obstacles,a mediumsized dataset having six categories is collected from authentic Pakistani news *** is a rich but complex *** processing can be challenging for Urdu due to its complex features as compared to other *** frequency-inverse document frequency(TFIDF)based term weighting scheme for extracting features,chi-2 for selecting essential features,and Linear discriminant analysis(LDA)for dimensionality reduction have been *** matrix and cosine similarity measure have been used to identify similar documents in a collection and find the semantic meaning of words in a document FastText model has been *** training-test split evaluation methodology is used for this experimentation,which includes 70%for training data and 30%for testing ***-of-the-art machine learning and deep dense neural network approaches for Urdu news classification have been ***,we trained Multinomial Naïve Bayes,XGBoost,Bagging,and Deep dense neural *** and deep dense neural network outperformed the other *** experimental results show that deep dense achieves 92.0%mean f1 score,and Bagging 95.0%f1 score.

关键词： Deep neural network machine learning natural language processing TFIDF sparse matrix cosine similarity classification linear discriminant analysis gradient boosting

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Preventing Cloud Network from Spamming Attacks Using Cloudflare and KNN

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第2期74卷 2641-2659页

作者： muhammad Nadeem Ali Arshad Saman riaz SyedaWajiha Zahra muhammad Rashid Shahab S.Band Amir Mosavi Department of Computer Science Abasyn UniversityIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of Computer Science National University of TechnologyIslamabad44000Pakistan Future Technology Research Center National Yunlin University of Science and TechnologyDouliuYunlin64002Taiwan Institute of Information Society University of Public ServiceBudapest1083Hungary John von Neumann Faculty of Informatics Obuda UniversityBudapestHungary Institute of Information Engineering Automation and MathematicsSlovak University of Technology in BratislavaSlovakia

Cloud computing is one of the most attractive and cost-saving models,which provides online services to *** computing allows the user to access data directly from any *** nowadays,cloud security is one of the biggest issues that *** types of malware are wreaking havoc on the *** on the cloud server are happening from both internal and external *** paper has developed a tool to prevent the cloud server from spamming *** an attacker attempts to use different spamming techniques on a cloud server,the attacker will be intercepted through two effective techniques:Cloudflare and K-nearest neighbors(KNN)*** will block those IP addresses that the attacker will use and prevent spamming ***,the KNN classifiers will determine which area the spammer belongs *** the end of the article,various prevention techniques for securing cloud servers will be discussed,a comparison will be made with different papers,a conclusion will be drawn based on different results.

关键词： Intrusion prevention system spamming KNN classification spam cyber security botnet

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The alarming surge of HIV/AIDS in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,Pakistan demands urgent attention

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2023年第12期16卷 573-574页

作者： Abdullah riaz muhammad Aiman Waheed Sher Ali Muddasir Khan Department of Health and Biological Sciences Abasyn UniversityPeshawarKPK25000Pakistan Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology University of PeshawarKPK25000Pakistan Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering Department of Food EngineeringUniversity of São PauloPirassunungaSP13635-900Brazil

The escalating human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)outbreaks in Pakistan are a matter of concern for both general population and health care settings[1].The first case of HIV was reported in *** then,0.2 million people are living with HIV,63202 know their positive status,and 40652 patients are acquiring health assistance from 78 anti-retroviral therapy centers[2,3].According to reports,the cases of HIV/AIDS escalated to 75%within a decade since 2013,with merely 4500 in Pakistan[1,2].

关键词： HIV/AIDS Pakistan centers

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Habitat Utilization and Feeding Biology of Himalayan Grey Langur (Semnopithecus entellus ajex) in Machiara National Park, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan

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Zoological Research 2010年第2期31卷 177-188页

作者： riaz Aziz Minhas Khawaja Basharat Ahmed muhammad Siddique Awan Naeem Iftikhar Dar World Wide Fund for Nature-Pakistan (WWF-Pakistan) AJK Office Muzaffarabad Azad Jammu and Kashmir 13100 Pakistan Department ofZoology University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Muzaffarabad Azad Jammu and Kashmir 13100 Pakistan Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Government of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Muzaffarabad Azad Jammu and Kashmir 13100 Pakistan

Habitat utilization and feeding biology of Himalayan Grey Langur （Semnopithecus entellus ajex） were studied from April, 2006 to April, 2007 in Machiara National Park, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. The results showed that in the winter season the most preferred habitat of the langurs was the moist temperate coniferous forests interspersed with deciduous trees, while in the summer season they preferred to migrate into the subalpine scrub forests at higher altitudes. Langurs were folivorous in feeding habit, recorded as consuming more than 49 plant species （27 in summer and 22 in winter） in the study area. The mature leaves （36.12%） were preferred over the young leaves （27.27%） while other food components comprised of fruits （17.00%）, roots （9.45%）, barks （6.69%）, flowers （2.19%） and stems （1.28%） of various plant species.

关键词： Himalayan Grey Langur Habitat Food biology Machiara National Park

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Giant chiro-optical responses in multipolar-resonances-based single-layer dielectric metasurfaces

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Photonics Research 2021年第9期9卷 1667-1674页

作者： HAFIZ SAAD KHALIQ INKI KIM AIMA ZAHID JOOHOON KIM TAEJUN LEE TREVON BADLOE YESEUL KIM muhammad ZUBAIR KASHIF riaz muhammad QASIM MEHMOOD JUNSUK RHO NanoTech Lab Department of Electrical EngineeringInformation Technology University(ITU)of the PunjabLahore 54600Pakistan Department of Mechanical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)Pohang 37673Republic of Korea Department of Chemical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)Pohang 37673Republic of Korea POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics Pohang 37673Republic of Korea National Institute of Nanomaterials Technology(NINT) Pohang 37673Republic of Korea

Chiro-optical effects offer a wide range of potential applications in nanophotonics,such as advanced imaging and molecular sensing and *** single-layer metasurfaces composed of subwavelength meta-atoms have gained significant attention due to their exceptional characteristics in light–matter *** metasurface-based devices have manipulated electromagnetic waves,the compact on-chip realization of giant chiro-optical effects remains a challenge at optical *** this work,we experimentally and numerically demonstrate an all-dielectric metasurface to realize large chiro-optical effects in the visible ***,the proposed strategy of utilizing achiral nanofins instead of conventional chiral structures provides an extra degree of design *** mutual coupling between carefully engineered nanofins produces constructive and destructive interference,leading to the asymmetric transmission of 70%and average circular dichroism exceeding 60%.We investigate the underlying mechanism behind the chiro-optical effects using the theory of multipolar *** proposed design mechanism maximizes the chiro-optical response through a single-layer metasurface with potential applications in high-efficiency integrated ultrathin polarization rotators and shapers,chiral polarizers for optical displays,chiral beam splitters,and chiral sensors.

关键词： chiral dielectric polar

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SwCS: Section-Wise Content Similarity Approach to Exploit Scientific Big Data

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第4期67卷 877-894页

作者： Kashif Irshad muhammad Tanvir Afzal Sanam Shahla Rizvi Abdul Shahid Rabia riaz Tae-Sun Chung Department of Computer Science Capital University of Science and TechnologyIslamabadPakistan Department of Computer Science NAMAL InstituteMianwali42250Pakistan Raptor Interactive(Pty)Ltd. Eco BoulevardWitch Hazel AveCenturion0157South Africa Institute of Computing Kohat University of Science and TechnologyPakistan Department of CS&IT University of Azad Jammu and KashmirMuzaffarabad13100Pakistan Department of Artificial Intelligence Ajou UniversityKorea

The growing collection of scientific data in various web repositories is referred to as Scientific Big Data,as it fulfills the four“V’s”of Big Data—volume,variety,velocity,and *** phenomenon has created new opportunities for startups;for instance,the extraction of pertinent research papers from enormous knowledge repositories using certain innovative methods has become an important task for researchers and ***,the content of the papers are compared to list the relevant papers from a *** conventional method results in a long list of papers that is often impossible to interpret ***,the need for a novel approach that intelligently utilizes the available data is ***,the primary element of the scientific knowledge base is a research article,which consists of various logical sections such as the Abstract,Introduction,Related Work,Methodology,Results,and ***,this study utilizes these logical sections of research articles,because they hold significant potential in finding relevant *** this study,comprehensive experiments were performed to determine the role of the logical sections-based terms indexing method in improving the quality of results(i.e.,retrieving relevant papers).Therefore,we proposed,implemented,and evaluated the logical sections-based content comparisons method to address the research objective with a standard method of indexing *** section-based approach outperformed the standard content-based approach in identifying relevant documents from all classified topics of computer ***,the proposed approach extracted 14%more relevant results from the entire *** the experimental results suggested that employing a finer content similarity technique improved the quality of results,the proposed approach has led the foundation of knowledge-based startups.

关键词： Scientific big data ACM classification term indexing content similarity cosine similarity

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Concentration-Dependent Solar Thermochemical CO_(2)/H_(2)O Splitting Performance by Vanadia-Ceria Multiphase Metal Oxide Systems

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Research 2020年第1期2020卷 522-533页

作者： Asim riaz muhammad Umair Ali T.Gabriel Enge Takuya Tsuzuki Adrian Lowe Wojciech Lipinski Research School of Electrical Energy and Materials EngineeringThe Australian National UniversityCanberra ACT 2601Australia Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Research School of Earth Sciences The Australian National UniversityCanberra ACT 2601Australia

The effects of V and Ce concentrations(each varying in the 0-100%range)in vanadia-ceria multiphase systems are investigated for synthesis gas production via thermochemical redox cycles of CO_(2) and H_(2)O splitting coupled to methane partial oxidation *** oxidation of prepared oxygen carriers is performed by separate and sequential CO_(2) and H_(2)O splitting *** and chemical analyses of the mixed-metal oxides revealed important information about the Ce and V interactions affecting their crystal phases and redox *** CeO_(2) and pure V_(2)O_(5) are found to offer the lowest and highest oxygen exchange capacities and syngas production performance,*** mixed-oxide systems provide a balanced performance:their oxygen exchange capacity is up to 5 times higher than that of pure CeO_(2) while decreasing the extent of methane *** addition of 25%V to CeO_(2) results in an optimum mixture of CeO_(2) and CeVO4 for enhanced CO_(2) and H_(2)O *** higher V concentrations,cyclic carbide formation and oxidation result in a syngas yield higher than that for pure CeO_(2).

关键词： pure methane splitting

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Two Layer Symmetric Cryptography Algorithm for Protecting Data from Attacks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第2期74卷 2625-2640页

作者： muhammad Nadeem Ali Arshad Saman riaz Syeda Wajiha Zahra Shahab SBand Amir Mosavi Department of Computer Science Abasyn UniversityIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of Computer Science National University of TechnologyIslamabad44000Pakistan Future Technology Research Center National Yunlin University of Science and TechnologyDouliuYunlin64002Taiwan Institute of Information Society University of Public ServiceBudapest1083Hungary John Von Neumann Faculty of Informatics Obuda UniversityBudapestHungary Institute of Information Engineering Automation and MathilticsSlovak University of Technology in BratislavaSlovakia

Many organizations have insisted on protecting the cloud server from the outside,although the risks of attacking the cloud server are mostly from the *** are many algorithms designed to protect the cloud server from attacks that have been able to protect the cloud server ***,the attackers have designed even better mechanisms to break these security *** cryptography is the best data protection algorithm that exchanges data between authentic *** this article,one symmetric cryptography algorithm will be designed to secure cloud server data,used to send and receive cloud server data securely.A double encryption algorithm will be implemented to send data in a secure ***,the XOR function will be applied to plain text,and then salt technique will be ***,a reversing mechanism will be implemented on that data to provide more data *** decrypt data,the cipher text will be reversed,salt will be removed,andXORwill be *** the end of the paper,the proposed algorithm will be compared with other algorithms,and it will conclude how much better the existing algorithm is than other algorithms.

关键词： Cryptography symmetric algorithm encryption decryption cipher text cloud security asymmetric algorithm

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