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Regolith thickness modeling using a GIS approach for landslide distribution analysis, NW Himalayas

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第11期15卷 2466-2479页

作者： muhammad basharat Masood QASIM muhammad SHAFIQUE Nasir HAMEED muhammad Tayyib RIAZ muhammad Rustam KHAN Institute of Geology University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir National Center of Excellence in Geology University of Peshawar Land Use Planning and Development Department Azad Jammu and Kashmir

Regolith thickness is considered as a contributing factor for the occurrence of ***, mostly it is ignored because of complex nature and as it requires more time and resources for investigation. This study aimed to appraise the role of regolith thickness on landslide distribution in the Muzaffarabad and surrounding areas, NW *** this purpose regolith thickness samples were evenly collected from all the lithological units at representative sites within different slope and elevation classes in the field. Topographic attributes(slope, aspect, drainage, Topographic Wetness Index,elevation and curvature) were derived from the Digital Elevation Model(DEM)(12.5 m resolution).Arc GIS Model Builder was used to develop the regolith thickness model. Stepwise regression technique was used to explore the spatial variation of regolith thickness using topographic attributes and lithological units. The derived model explains about 88% regolith thickness variation. The model was validated and shows good agreement(70%) between observed and predicted values. Subsequently, the derived regolith model was used to understand the relationship between regolith thickness and landslide distribution. The analysis shows that most of the landslides were located within 1-5 m regolith thickness. However, landslide concentration is highest within 5-10 m regolith thickness, which shows that regolith thickness played a significant role for the occurrence of landslide in the studied area.

关键词： Regolith GIS Regression Landslides Himalayas

Large Scale Mass Movements Triggered by the Kashmir Earthquake 2005,Pakistan

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第1期11卷 19-30页

作者： muhammad basharat Joachim ROHN Mirza Shahid BAIG muhammad Rustam KHAN Markus SCHLEIER GeoZentrum Nordbayern Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg Institute of Geology University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir

The SPOT image analysis in Muzaffarabad Azad Kashmir,northwest Himalayas,Pakistan reveals that the Kashmir earthquake 2005 triggered a number of coseismic mass movements along the hanging wall block of the Muzaffarabad *** Neelidandi and Langarpura rock falls have been identified as two major reactivated mass movements with an estimated volume of 3.1 × 106m3and 5.76 × 106m3,*** Neelidandi and Langarpura mass movements were initiated during earthquake in the direction of northwest-southeast extension and northeastsouthwest directed thrusting,*** Neelidandi rock fall occurred in sheared cherty dolomites and limestones of the Cambrian Muzaffarabad Formation,whereas the Langarpura rock fall occurred in alternating clays,shales,claystones,siltstones and sandstones of the Miocene Murree *** rock units along the fault are highly fractured and *** geotechnical maps and geological longitudinal profiles show the relationship between the geometrical characteristics and mechanism of these mass *** characteristics were analyzed according to the role of topographic,seismic,geological and tectonic *** steep topography,sheared rocks,lithology,coseismic uplift and strong ground shaking of the hanging wall block along Muzaffarabad Fault facilitated the gravity collapse of these mass movements.

关键词： Coseismic mass movements Himalayas Muzaffarabad Fault Geological and tectonic factors Earthquake Rock fall

Lithological and Structural Control of Hattian Bala Rock Avalanche Triggered by the Kashmir Earthquake 2005, Sub-Himalayas, Northern Pakistan

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Journal of Earth Science 2012年第2期23卷 213-224页

作者： muhammad basharat Joachim Rohn Dominik Ehret Mirza Shahid Baig GeoZentrum Nordbayern Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg Institute of Geology University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir

The Kashmir earthquake 2005 （magnitude MW 7.6） triggered thousands of mass move-ments in northern Pakistan. These mass movements were mainly rock falls, debris falls, rockslides and rock avalanches. The mass movements vary in size from a few hundred cubic meters up to about 100 million cubic meters estimated for the Hattian Bala rock avalanche, the biggest one associated with this earthquake. This mass movement, which moved in southeastern direction, created two natural dams on the valley bottom and blocked the water ways of the Karli and Tung tributaries of the Jhelum River. Topographic, lithologic and structural information were used to investigate the Hattian Bala rock ava-lanche. Geotechnical and structural maps were prepared to understand relationship between geology and structure of Hattian Bala rock avalanche. The geometry and failure mode of this rock avalanche are controlled by southeast plunging synclinal structures, lithology, a bedding parallel slip surface and a pre-existing old rockslide. The structural map shows that the mass movement failure was due to Danna and Dandbeh synclinal structures plunging southeast on the hanging wall block of the reacti-vated Muzaffarabad fault. The slip surface of the mass movement followed the bedding planes along mudstone, claystone and sandstone surfaces. The mass movement perfectly followed the pre-existing synclinal morphology of the Danna and Dandbeh synclines.

关键词： Kashmir earthquake 2005 mass movement rock avalanche Muzaffarabad fault northern Pakistan.

Noise reduction and signal to noise ratio improvement in magneto-optical polarization rotation measurement

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Chinese Optics Letters 2018年第8期16卷 30-34页

作者： muhammad basharat Ming Ding Yang Li Hongwei Cai Jiancheng Fang School of Instrumentation Science ~ Opto-Electronies Engineering Beihang University Beijing 100191 China

The measurement of an extremely small magneto-optical polarization rotation angle with high sensitivity is integral to many scientific and technological applications. In this Letter, we have presented a technique based on Faraday modulation combined with the optical differential method to measure an extremely small polari- zation rotation angle with high sensitivity. The theoretical and experimental results show that common mode noise is reduced appreciably and signal to noise ratio is enhanced. The effectiveness of this technique has been demonstrated by measuring the Verdet constant of terbium gallium garnet glass and measuring the small polari- zation rotation angle. A sensitivity of enhancement of one order of magnitude has been achieved using differ- ential detection based on Faraday modulation.

关键词： Noise reduction and signal to noise ratio improvement in magneto-optical polarization rotation measurement

An Ingenious IoT Based Crop Prediction System Using ML and EL

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第4期79卷 183-199页

作者： Shabana Ramzan Yazeed Yasin Ghadi Hanan Aljuaid Aqsa Mahmood basharat Ali Department of Computer Science&IT Government Sadiq CollegeWomen UniversityBahawalpur63100Pakistan Department of Computer Science/Software Engineering Al Ain UniversityAl Ain64141UAE Department of Computer Sciences College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University(PNU)Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia Agronomic Research Station Bahawalpur63100Pakistan

Traditional farming procedures are time-consuming and expensive as based on manual labor. Farmers haveno proper knowledge to select which crop is suitable to grow according to the environmental factors and soilcharacteristics. This is the main reason for the low yield of crops and the economic crisis in the agricultural sectorof the different countries. The use of modern technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), machine learning,and ensemble learning can facilitate farmers to observe different factors such as soil electrical conductivity (EC),and environmental factors like temperature to improve crop yield. These parameters play a vital role in suggestinga suitable crop to cope the food scarcity. This paper proposes a systemcomprised of twomodules, first module usesstatic data and the second module takes hybrid data collection (IoT-based real-time data and manual data) withmachine learning and ensemble learning algorithms to suggest the suitable crop in the farm to maximize the *** is used to train the model that predicts the crop. This system proposed an intelligent and low-cost solutionfor the farmers to process the data and predict the suitable *** implemented the proposed system in the *** efficiency and accuracy of the proposed system are confirmed by the generated results to predict the crop.

关键词： Machine learning Internet of Things sensors ensemble learning

Design and Synthesis of NiO@Co_(3)O_(4)@ZSM-5 Heterogeneous Multitask Hollow Structures for Tandem Catalysis

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2024年第3期40卷 529-535页

作者： muhammad Waqas Interdisciplinary Research Center for Refining and Advanced Chemicals King Fahd University of Petroleum&MineralsDhahran 31261Saudi Arabia

Precipitation and impregnation procedures unevenly distribute metals on zeolite,limiting chemical transformation in Lewis-acid,Brönsted-acid and metal-catalyzed tandem ***,heterogeneous multitask transition metals oxides@zeolites are promising catalysts for sustainable processes;nevertheless,synthesis is fascinating and ***,the construction of purposely designed multitask materials segregated in selective shells reveals the remarkable spatial organization of metals-zeolite,resulting in them being suitable for a wide range of tandem *** synthesis of multi-site catalysts begins with a universal wet chemistry approach that yields nickel oxide(NiO)***,the NiO crystals are stabilized using cationic dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide,followed by achieving cross-linking carbon growth by emulsion polymerization of glucose in hydrothermal treatment to yield uniformed NiO@carbon spheres(NiO@CSs).Next,sequential adsorption of cobalt cations and colloidal ZSM-5(1%in H_(2)O,mass fraction),followed by calcination in air,yielded NiO@cobalt oxide@zeolite denoted as NiO@Co_(3)O_(4)@ZEO hollow *** hollowing mechanism and materials segregation within shells are revealed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy,thermogravimetric analysis,and X-ray *** finding advances the rational synthesis of heterogenous core-shell hollow structures for various gas phase catalytic tandem reactions to yield valuable chemicals.

关键词： Multifunctional Core-shell hollow spheres Gas-phase reaction Valuable chemical

An integrated land change modeler and distributed hydrological model approach for quantifying future urban runoff dynamics

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第10期67卷 3288-3301页

作者： Asad Hussain muhammad Waseem muhammad Ajmal muhammad Atiq Ur Rehman Tariq muhammad Jiaqing XIAO Tao YANG Pengfei SHI Institute for Disaster Risk Management School of Geographical ScienceNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China College of Hydrology and Water Resources Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China Centre of Excellence in Water Resources Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyLahore 54890Pakistan Department of Agricultural Engineering Faculty of CivilAgricultural and Mining EngineeringUniversity of Engineering and TechnologyPeshawar 25120Pakistan

Climate and land use changes have a significant impact on the runoff generation process in urban environments, and these effects could get worse in the future. The combined contributions of these changes have increased the risk of ***, there is a need for integrated modeling to better understand the runoff variability, especially in small urban catchments. To quantify and separate the effects of land-use changes and climate change on the hydrological response of urban catchments with a distributed hydrological model(Storm Water Management Model, SWMM), this study introduces a new integrated approach based on the Machine Learning based land use change modeler and climate change scenarios under *** on supervised classification and land use change model analysis, accumulated impervious area increase from 22%(in2023) to 33%(in 2060) was observed in the study area. Furthermore, integrating this projected increase in imperviousness with future climate change into SWMM by considering three different scenarios i.e., S1(Climate Change), S2(Combined Land Use and Climate Change), and S3(Land use Change) resulted that climate change could cause an increase in runoff from 13.2% to18.3% in peak runoff and the contribution of land use could range from 9.1% to 18.6%. Similarly, in response to the coupled effects of climate and land-use change, the runoff would likely change from 24.53% to 39.66%. Conclusively, the study showed that despite climate change, intensive urban development by the substitution of impervious surfaces could also have a severe impact on the microclimate and hydrology of small catchments. Lastly, this study could provide a way forward for the future planning and management of water resources in small catchments which could be extended to larger catchments.

关键词： Climate change Land-use modeling Runoff simulation Percent Imperviousness TerrSet

Enhancing PDF Malware Detection through Logistic Model Trees

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 3645-3663页

作者： muhammad Binsawad Department of Information Systems King Abdulaziz UniversityP.O.Box 80217Jeddah21589Saudi Arabia

Malware is an ever-present and dynamic threat to networks and computer systems in cybersecurity,and because of its complexity and evasiveness,it is challenging to identify using traditional signature-based detection *** study article discusses the growing danger to cybersecurity that malware hidden in PDF files poses,highlighting the shortcomings of conventional detection techniques and the difficulties presented by adversarial *** article presents a new method that improves PDF virus detection by using document analysis and a Logistic Model *** a dataset from the Canadian Institute for Cybersecurity,a comparative analysis is carried out with well-known machine learning models,such as Credal Decision Tree,Naïve Bayes,Average One Dependency Estimator,Locally Weighted Learning,and Stochastic Gradient *** traditional structural and JavaScript-centric PDF analysis,the research makes a substantial contribution to the area by boosting precision and resilience in malware *** use of Logistic Model Tree,a thorough feature selection approach,and increased focus on PDF file attributes all contribute to the efficiency of PDF virus *** paper emphasizes Logistic Model Tree’s critical role in tackling increasing cybersecurity threats and proposes a viable answer to practical issues in the *** results reveal that the Logistic Model Tree is superior,with improved accuracy of 97.46%when compared to benchmark models,demonstrating its usefulness in addressing the ever-changing threat landscape.

关键词： Malware detection PDF files logistic model tree feature selection cybersecurity

Progress in electrocatalytic nitrate reduction for green energy:Catalyst engineering,mechanisms,and techno-economic feasibility

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第8期95卷 380-406,I0009页

作者： Hafiz muhammad Adeel Sharif Hafiz muhammad Farooq Khan Sadeeq Ullah Yuwei Wang muhammad Ahmad Bo Yang Changping Li muhammad Bilal Asif Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering Dongguan University of TechnologyDongguan 523808GuangdongChina College of Chemistry and Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060GuangdongChina FMH College of Medicine and Dentistry LahorePakistan School of Environment and Civil Engineering Research Center for Eco-Environment EngineeringDongguan University of TechnologyDongguan 523106GuangdongChina Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center(AMPMC) Physical Sciences and Engineering(PSE)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955Saudi Arabia

Ammonia(NH_(3))is an irreplaceable chemical that has been widely demanded to keep the sustainable development of modern ***,its industrial production consumes a huge amount of energy and releases extraordinary greenhouse gases(GHGs),leading to various environmental *** the green production of ammonia is a great challenge,which has been extensively pursued in the last *** this review,the most promising strategy,electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction(e-NO_(3)RR),is comprehensively investigated to give a complete understanding of its development and mechanism and provide guidance for future ***,owing to the complex reactions and limited selectivity,a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms is crucial to further development and ***,NO_(3)^(-)RR is a promising strategy for simultaneous water treatment and NH_(3)production.A detailed overview of the recent progress in NO_(3)^(-)RR for NH_(3)production with nontransition and transition metal based electrocatalysts is *** addition,critical advanced techniques,future challenges,and prospects are discussed to guide future research on transition metal-based catalysts for commercial NH_(3)synthesis by NO_(3)^(-)reduction.

关键词： Nitrate reduction Electrolysis Pollution to solution Transition metal catalysts Ammonia synthesis Green energy