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Validating a point of care lactate meter in adult patients with sepsis presenting to the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital of a low-to middle-income country

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2017年第3期8卷 184-189页

作者： muhammad akbar baig Hira Shahzad Erfan Hussain Asad Mian Department of Emergency Medicine Aga Khan University Hospital Department of Medicine Aga Khan University Hospital Adult Critical Care Services Aga Khan University Hospital Department of Emergency Medicine Pediatrics and Child Health Aga Khan University Hospital

BACKGROUND: Timely identifi cation of high blood lactate levels in septic patients may allow faster detection of those patients requiring immediate resuscitation. Point-of-care(POC) testing is being increasingly utilized in the emergency department(ED). We examined the accuracy and timesaving effect of a handheld POC lactate device for the measurement of fingertip and whole blood lactate as compared with reference laboratory blood testing in septic ED ***: A convenience sample of adult ED patients receiving serum lactate testing were enrolled prospectively in the ED of a multidisciplinary tertiary care hospital serving the population of one of the major cities of Pakistan. Participants underwent fi ngertip POC lactate measurement with a portable device and simultaneous whole blood sampling for analysis by both the POC lactate device and standard laboratory method. Lactate measurements were compared by intraclass correlation(ICC) and Bland and Altman ***: Forty-three septic patients were included in the study. The fingertip POC & whole blood POC lactate measurements each correlated tightly with the reference method(ICC=0.93 & ICC=0.92, respectively). Similarly at 6 hours, the fingertip POC & whole blood POC lactate measurements demonstrated satisfactory correlation with the reference method(ICC=0.95 & ICC=0.97, respectively).CONCLUSION: Fingertip POC lactate measurement is an accurate method to determine lactate levels in septic ED *** WORDS: Sepsis; Point of care; Lactate; Emergency department;

关键词： Sepsis Point of care Lactate Emergency department Pakistan

Community emergency medicine:Benefits and challenges of screening for elder abuse in the emergency department of a developing country

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2015年第4期6卷 261-264页

作者： muhammad akbar baig Asad Mian Erfaan Hussain Shahan Waheed Department of Emergency Medicine Aga Khan University Hospital Departments of Emergency Medicine Aga Khan University Hospital Adult Critical Care Services Aga Khan University Hospital

As people live longer and fewer babies are born, the elderly became the fastest and largest growing population of the world, expected to increase further from 86 million in 2005 to 394 million in 2050 worldwide. Older patients represent a large bulk of the population arriving in emergency departments （EDs） all over the world.[1] They use hospitals more frequently than younger patients, have more hospital admissions from the ED and more prolonged hospital stays.[2] Elder abuse is defined as a single, or repeated, act which causes harm or distress to an older person and it can occur within any relationship where there is an expectation of trust from the elder person＇s perspective.[3,4] The ED setting is a particularly important environment being the first point of contact with formal services for the abused elderly population.[5] Careful consideration is demanded when older people attend the ED, with particular attention paid to assessment of subjective and objective data in terms of manifestations and potential indicators of abuse.

关键词： Community emergency medicine challenges of screening

Lifetime Estimation Based on Surface Degradation and Characterization of HTV Silicone-rubber Based Composites for HVAC and HVDC Transmission

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2023年第2期9卷 751-758页

作者： Rahmat Ullah muhammad akbar Faculty of Electrical Engineering GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and TecnologyTopi23460 Pakistan

In this paper,six different types of silicone rubberbased composites were investigated for applications in high voltage insulation through multi-stress accelerated aging conducted for a period of 5000 h both under AC and DC *** main goal of this study was lifetime prediction of HTV-SR based composites at a typical multi-stress aging *** diagnostic techniques such as hydrophobicity assessment,leakage current measurement and FTIR were incorporated to assess the *** an outcome of this investigation,all the five hybrid samples were found as quite resistant to aging while the neat sample was comparatively,less resistant to the ***,among the studied samples,TS2 and TS4 appeared to have shown the highest resistance to aging giving a service life of 43.2 and 42 years,respectively under AC *** DC stress the order of merit of investigated samples was identical to that of AC stress but having marginally less life spans.

关键词： ATH hydrophobicity classification leakage current life time prediction multi-stress accelerated aging silica

Composite insulators and their aging: An overview

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2007年第6期50卷 697-713页

作者： muhammad AMIN muhammad akbar muhammad SALMAN University of Engineering and Technology

The aging (biological deterioration) is a major problem of composite insulators now-a-days. The main thing in aging is to predict how, when and with what speed it occurs and under what conditions it can lead to failure and what overall average expected life of a composite insulator is. For this a lot of researches have been done. This review summarizes the methods of artificial field testing (aging), natural testing, standards the developed for aging, techniques of analysis, results achieved until now about various parameters from various locations, handling guidelines and a conclusion on what is further needed.

关键词： polymeric insulators, aging, composite, SEM

iRNA-PseTNC:identification of RNA 5-methylcytosine sites using hybrid vector space of pseudo nucleotide composition

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2020年第2期14卷 451-460页

作者： Shahid akbar Maqsood HAYAT muhammad IQBAL muhammad TAHIR Department of Computer Science Abdul Wali Khan University MardanKP 23200Pakistan

RNA 5-methylcytosine(m^5C)sites perform a major role in numerous biological processes and commonly reported in both DNA and RNA *** enzymatic mechanism and biological functions of m^5C sites in DNA remain the focusing area of researchers for last few ***,the investigators also targeted m^5C sites in RNA due to its cellular functions,positioning and formation ***,several rudimentary roles of the m^5C in RNA have been explored,but a lot of improvements are still under ***,the identification of RNA methylcytosine sites was carried out via experimental methods,which were very hard,erroneous and time consuming owing to partial availability of recognized *** at the significance of m^5C role in RNA,scientists have diverted their attention from structure to sequence-based *** this regards,an intelligent computational model is proposed in order to identify m^5C sites in RNA with high *** RNA sequences formulation methods namely:pseudo dinucleotide composition,pseudo trinucleotide composition and pseudo tetra nucleotide composition are applied to extract variant and high profound numerical *** a sequel,the vector spaces are fused to build a hybrid space in order to compensate the weakness of each *** learning hypotheses are examined to select the best operational engine,which can truly identify the pattern of the target *** strength and generalization of the proposed model are measured using two different cross validation *** reported outcomes reveal that the proposed model achieved 3%better accuracy than that of the highest present approach in the literature so far.

关键词： methylcytosine sites PseTNC PseTetraNC hybrid features SVM cross validation test

Applications of Decision Support System:A Case Study of Solanaceous Vegetables

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2021年第2期90卷 331-352页

作者： muhammad Saqib muhammad akbar Anjum Department of Horticulture Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and TechnologyBahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan60800Pakistan

Crop simulation models constitute the major proportion in decision support systems.A large number of crop models have been developed for potato and few for tomato and *** the literature,thirty three crop models have been reported to simulate potato,nine for tomato and six for *** of these models dealt with the climate change scenario and others with the crop management practices such as sowing time,irrigation,nitrogen,and insect-pests *** most evaluated and applied models for potato include;SUBSTOR,and LINTUL-Potato,whereas CROPGRO-tomato model is the most tested and applied for *** AQUACROP is the most widely used model to simulate the water *** CROPGRO model has been tested for elevated temperatures and CO_(2) under greenhouse conditions for *** tomato and peppers,almost similar models have been applied for field conditions as well as under greenhouse environments with some *** dynamics has been widely tested by employing the EU-Rotate-N model for tomato and *** studies dealing with changing climate conditions are rare in potato and are not found for tomato and *** modify potato,tomato and peppers models for climate impact studies,it is required that they are(a)calibrated and evaluated with new cultivars under various agro-environmental conditions and(b)assessed under varying field conditions under changing climates and crop management practices,including temperature increases,water and nutrient management and their *** comprehensive model studies and modifications need a collaborative international effort and a multi-year,large scale field research studies on potato,tomato and peppers.

关键词： Crop growth models management issues simulation modeling Solanaceae

Growth,yield and water productivity of dry direct seeded rice and transplanted aromatic rice under different irrigation management regimes

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第11期19卷 2656-2673页

作者： muhammad Ishfaq Nadeem akbar Shakeel Ahmed Anjum muhammad Anwar-Ul-haq Department of Agronomy University of AgricultureFaisalabad 38040Pakistan Department of Plant Science University of CaliforniaCalifornia 95616-8780USA Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences University of AgricultureFaisalabad 38040Pakistan

Sustainability of traditionally cultivated rice in the rice-wheat cropping zone(RWCZ)of Pakistan is dwindling due to the high cost of production,declining water resources and escalating labour ***,farmers and researchers are compelled to find promising alternatives to traditional transplanted rice(TPR).A field study was conducted in Punjab,Pakistan,in 2017 and 2018 to explore the trade-offs between water saving and paddy yield,water productivity and economics of two aromatic rice varieties under dry direct seeded rice(DDSR)and *** experiment was comprised of three irrigation regimes on the basis of soil moisture tension(SMT)viz.,continuous flooded(>–10 kPa SMT),alternate wetting and drying(AWD)(–20 kPa SMT)and aerobic rice(–40 kPa SMT),maintained under TPR and DDSR *** aromatic rice verities:Basmati-515 and Chenab Basmati-2016 were used during both years of *** both years,DDSR produced higher yields(13–18%)and reduced the total water inputs(8–12%)in comparison to *** comparison to traditional continuous flooded(CF),AWD under DDSR reduced total water input by 27–29%and improved the leaf area index(LAI),tillering,yield(7–9%),and water productivity(44–50%).The performance of AWD with regard to water savings and increased productivity was much higher in DDSR system as compared to AWD in TPR *** of DDSR with aerobic irrigation improved water savings(49–55%)and water productivity(22–30%)at the expense of paddy yield reduction(36–39%)and spikelet *** regard to variety,the highest paddy yield(6.6 and 6.7 t ha–1)was recorded in DDSR using Chenab Basmati-2016 under AWD irrigation threshold that attributed to high tiller density and *** economic analysis showed DDSR as more beneficial rice establishment method than TPR with a high benefit-cost ratio(BCR)when the crop was irrigated with AWD irrigation *** results highlighted that with the use of short duration varieties,DDSR cultivation in conjunction wit

关键词： rice establishment aerobic alternate wetting and drying water input tillering yield

Degradation of polyacrylamide (PAM) and methane production by mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion: Effect of temperature and concentration

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2020年第6期14卷 75-85页

作者： Mona akbar muhammad Farooq Saleem Khan Ling Qian Hui Wang State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection Beijing 100029China

Polyacrylamide(PAM)is generally employed in wastewater treatment processes such as sludge dewatering and therefore exists in the ***,it degrades slowly and can deteriorate methane yield during anaerobic digestion(AD).The impact or fate of PAM in AD under thermophilic conditions is still *** study mainly focuses on PAM degradation and enhanced methane production from PAM-added sludge during 15 days of thermophilic(55°C)AD compared to mesophilic(35°C)*** and PAM dose from 10 to 50 g/kg TSS were *** results showed that PAM degraded by 76%to 78%with acrylamide(AM)content of 0.2 to 3.3 mg/L in thermophilic ***,it degraded only 21%to 30%with AM content of 0.5 to 7.2 mg/L in mesophilic *** methane yield was almost 230 to 238.4 mL/g VSS on the 8th day in thermophilic AD but was 115.2 to 128.6 mL/g VSS in mesophilic *** investigation revealed that thermophilic AD with continuous stirring not only enhanced PAM degradation but also boosted the organics release from the sludge with added PAM and gave higher methane yield than mesophilic AD.

关键词： Polyacrylamide(PAM)degradation Acrylamide(AM) Mesophilic anaerobic digestion Thermophilic anaerobic digestion Methane production

Detached Electron Spectra from H- near a Partially Reflecting Spherical Surface

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Chinese Physics Letters 2012年第7期29卷 80-83页

作者： muhammad Haneef Saleh Mohammad Jehan akbar Suneela Arif muhammad Zahir Humayun Khan Department of Physics Hazara UniversityGarden CampusMansehraPakistan Department of Statistics University of PeshwarPakistan

The photodetachnent of a hydrogen negative ion (H-) near a partially reflecting surface with a spherical shape is investigated by a theoretical imaging *** expressions for the detached electron flux and total photodetachment cross section are *** is found that two parameters,*** radius Tc and reflection parameter K,control the photodetachment ***,these parameters can be used for the classification,identification and revelation of minor details like curvature of different types of surfaces.

关键词： curvature Electron details