Retained placenta is a known cause of post-partum haemorrhage and maternal mortality. A recent systemic review has confirmed that the incidence of retained placenta had increased all over the world, which is more comm...
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Retained placenta is a known cause of post-partum haemorrhage and maternal mortality. A recent systemic review has confirmed that the incidence of retained placenta had increased all over the world, which is more common in developed countries. Failure of retroplacental myometrium contraction is the main cause of retained placenta. Maternal age greater than 35 years, grandmultipara, preterm labor, history of previous retained placenta, and caesarean section were the risk factors for retained placenta. Manual removal of the placenta has been the treatment of choice. Attempts had been made by clinician and researchers to find a safe, effective and reliable method to avoid the need for surgical intervention. The efficacy and safety of prostaglandin, nitroglycerin or acupuncture in the management of retained placenta are yet to be further evaluated. Nonetheless, till date only intraumbilical vein oxytocin has been studied extensively but with varied success. More randomized clinical trials are needed to address this issue. However, if immediate manual placenta removal service is unavailable, a trial of intra-umbilical vein oxytocin 100 IU at a totalvolume of at least 40 m L while preparing for transfer to a tertiary center or theatre may result in spontaneous expulsion of the placenta.
AIM:To derive a Malaysia guideline and consensus as part of the Malaysia Retina Group's efforts for diagnosis,treatment,and best practices of diabetic macular edema(DME).The experts'panel suggests that the treatment a...
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AIM:To derive a Malaysia guideline and consensus as part of the Malaysia Retina Group's efforts for diagnosis,treatment,and best practices of diabetic macular edema(DME).The experts'panel suggests that the treatment algorithm to be divided into groups according to involvement the central *** purpose of DME therapy is to improve edema and achieve the best visual results with the least amount of treatment ***:On two different occasions,a panel of 14 retinal specialists from Malaysia,together with an external expert,responded to a questionnaire on management of DME.A consensus was sought by voting after compiling,analyzing and discussion on first-phase replies on the round table discussion.A recommendation was deemed to have attained consensus when 12 out of the 14 panellists(85%)agreed with ***:The terms target response,adequate response,nonresponse,and inadequate response were developed when the DME patients'treatment responses were first *** panelists reached agreement on a number of DME treatment-related issues,including the need to classify patients prior to treatment,firstline treatment options,the right time to switch between treatment modalities,and side effects associated with *** this agreement,recommendations were derived and a treatment algorithm was ***:A detail and comprehensive treatment algorithm by Malaysia Retina Group for the Malaysian population provides guidance for treatment allocation of patients with DME.
The Malaysian government has carefully crafted policies to ensure that the nation achieves its aspirational goal to become a developed nation by 2020. Crucial for which is the success of the Securities Commission's ...
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The Malaysian government has carefully crafted policies to ensure that the nation achieves its aspirational goal to become a developed nation by 2020. Crucial for which is the success of the Securities Commission's "Corporate Governance Blueprint 2011" and "Capital Market Master Plan 2" designed to provide a business environment which attracts investment and talent. Somewhat overlooked in these otherwise robust policy shifts has been a critical critique of the definition, nature, and purpose of corporate governance itself. Recognizing this oversight, Tan Sri Muhyiddin yassin, Malaysia's Deputy Prime Minister, has directed that the definition of corporate governance be rejuvenated for the 21st century. This paper looks to answer that challenge by recommending the following transformational definition for corporate governance: "the proactive implementation of accountable ethical processes, procedures, and policies that inspires innovative aspirational economic activity to produce sustainable wealth and prosperity for shareholders, stakeholders, and society".
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