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Enhanced removal of nitrate and phosphate from wastewater by Chlorella vulgaris: Multi-objective optimization and CFD simulation

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2019年第3期27卷 639-648页

作者： Mohammad Bagher Sabeti Mohammad Amin Hejazi afzal Karimi Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering University of Tabriz Department of Food Biotechnology Branch for Northwest & West Region Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran Agricultural Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences

To enhance the efficiency of wastewater biotreatment with microalgae, the effects of physical parameters need to be investigated and optimized. In this regard, the individual and interactive effects of temperature, p H and aeration rate on the performance of biological removal of nitrate and phosphate by Chlorella vulgaris were studied by response surface methodology(RSM). Furthermore, a multi-objective optimization technique was applied to the response equations to simultaneously find optimal combinations of input parameters capable of removing the highest possible amount of nitrate and phosphate. The optimal calculated values were temperature of 26.3 °C, pH of 8 and aeration rate of 4.7 L·min^(-1). Interestingly, under the optimum condition, approximately 85% of total nitrate and 77% of whole phosphate were removed after 48 h and 24 h, respectively, which were in excellent agreement with the predicted values. Finally, the effect of baffle on mixing performance and, as a result, on bioremoval efficiency was investigated in Stirred Tank Photobioreactor(STP) by means of Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD). Flow behavior indicated substantial enhancement in mixing performance when the baffle was inserted into the tank. Obtained simulation results were validated experimentally. Under the optimum condition, due to proper mixing in baffled STP, nitrate and phosphate removal increased up to 93% and 86%,respectively, compared to unbaffled one.

关键词： Nitrate Phosphate Nutrient removal Response surface methodology Stirred Tank Photobioreactor Computational Fluid Dynamics

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Exploiting Structural Similarities to Classify Citations

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第2期66卷 1195-1214页

作者： muh.mmad Saboor Ahmed muh.mmad Tanvir afzal Capital University of Science and Technology IslamabadPakistan

Citations play an important role in the scientific community by assisting in measuring multifarious policies like the impact of journals,researchers,institutions,and *** cite papers for different reasons,such as extending previous work,comparing their study with the state-of-the-art,providing background of the field,*** recent years,researchers have tried to conceptualize all citations into two broad categories,important and *** a categorization is very important to enhance scientific output in multiple ways,for instance,(1)Helping a researcher in identifying meaningful citations from a list of 100 to 1000 citations(2)Enhancing the impact factor calculation mechanism by more strongly weighting important citations,and(3)Improving researcher,institutional,and university rankings by only considering important *** of these uses depend upon correctly identifying the important citations from the list of all citations in a *** date,researchers have utilized many features to classify citations into these broad categories:cue phrases,in-text citation counts,and metadata features,***,contemporary approaches are based on identification of in-text citation counts,mapping sections onto the Introduction,Methods,Results,and Discussion(IMRAD)structure,identifying cue phrases,*** such features accurately is a challenging task and is normally conducted manually,with the accuracy of citation classification demonstrated in terms of these manually extracted *** research proposes to examine the content of the cited and citing pair to identify important citing papers for each cited *** content similarity approach was adopted from research paper recommendation ***,a novel section-based content similarity approach is also *** results show that solely using the abstract of the cited and citing papers can achieve similar accuracy as the stateof-the-art *** makes the propose

关键词： Section-wise similarity citation classification content similarity important citation

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杂交玉米等位基因特异性表达的鉴定及其与杂种优势的关系

杂交玉米等位基因特异性表达的鉴定及其与杂种优势的关系

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作者： RABAIL afzal 华中农业大学

学位级别：硕士

杂种优势是一个具有重要理论研究和应用价值的重要现象。前人总结并提出了多个理论和假设来解释杂种优势的机制,如显性、超显性和上位性理论等。然而,到目前为止,我们对杂种优势背后的遗传和分子机制的了解仍然有限,很难用一个统一的遗... 详细信息

杂种优势是一个具有重要理论研究和应用价值的重要现象。前人总结并提出了多个理论和假设来解释杂种优势的机制,如显性、超显性和上位性理论等。然而,到目前为止,我们对杂种优势背后的遗传和分子机制的了解仍然有限,很难用一个统一的遗传与分子理论来理解杂种优势。高通量测序为我们在全基因组、转录组、以及蛋白组水平了解基因的遗传信息传递的模式并最终进行作物改良带来了新的契机。亲本基因组之间的差异,如基因结构、基因的存在或缺失、基因的表达水平以及F1中特定基因的分布等因素已经被发现在杂种优势的形成过程中发挥正向作用。高通量测序技术的发展,将杂种优势研究提升到了一个新的水平,并突显出每个组学水平在杂种优势形成中的重要性。转录是基因组遗传信息传递的第一步,是基因表达的最重要环节,多与众多性状的变异直接相关。然而,我国主栽玉米杂交品种的转录组变异与表达模式仍不十分清楚。本研究对三个中国主栽玉米品种组织的转录组进行了分析,鉴定到杂交种转录水平的表达模式,并对杂种优势形成的可能分子机制进行了解析,加深了对玉米杂种优势机制的理解。具体研究结果如下:1,本研究分析了玉米(Zea mays L.)的综合数据集,包括来自三个杂交组合(HPT)的RNA-seq数据和一个杂交组合的乙酰化蛋白数据。对处于4叶期的MBF1杂交组合的叶片进行取样。对其他两个杂交组合的7叶期叶片进行取样。2,研究发现,在杂种中鉴定出大量(10,913)等位基因特异性表达基因(ASEG),ASEG、DEG和SPEG在杂交种中主要呈现中亲优势,这样有助于增加杂交种中表达基因的数量。具有较少有害单核苷酸多态性的ASEG的亲本等位基因比另一个亲本等位基因更有可能在杂交系中多表达。3,按照分析方法,所有F1杂交种都显示出更高数量和更多的共同表达基因,而SPE基因在MBF1中发现更多(1388)。比较DEG显示,与Zhengdan958 HPT(3533)的亲本相比,Xianyu335 HPT(4268)的亲本之间的DEG数量更高。F1杂交种及其亲本也显示出大量的DEG。这些亲本之间以及F1杂交种与其亲本之间的比较表明,不同HPT的转录组存在广泛的差异。使用SNPs和比对的reads,在Xianyu335中观察到的等位基因偏向性表达基因中有60%是非DEG,这表明F1杂交种中存在顺式因子。同样,在所有杂交种中鉴定的ASEG大多是非DEG,很少有DEG,这反映了F1杂交种相对于其亲本的转录变化的新视角。此外,GO和KEGG富集分析结果证实了每个基因在特定途径中的存在和重要性。4,杂种优势相关ASEG所在的分子途径在不同杂交组合中保守。ASEG主要富集在蛋白质生物合成、光合作用和代谢等方面。此外,三个杂交组合中的ASEG参与了关键的光合途径,可能会提高杂交种的光合效率。5,富集互补途径中的ASEGs与F1杂交种中的乙酰化蛋白相关,有助于解释玉米优势的分子机制。ASEG代表杂交种等位基因相对于父母的变化,所鉴定的ASEG受反式作用因子调节,指出上位效应对优势的作用。杂交种等位基因表达与其亲本表达水平的相关性分析可以更好地衡量杂交种中ASEG的变化。本研究的结果为杂种优势的显性和上位性假说提供了一种可能的解释,鉴于杂种优势在农业中的广泛应用及其所取得的成就,ASEG可能代表了优异的基因集,可作为杂交育种的选择靶点。参与玉米杂交种互补生物途径的ASEGs有助于杂种优势的形成为杂种优势分子机制的解析提供了新的思路。

关键词：乙酰化蛋白等位基因特异性表达杂种优势玉米杂交种转录组蛋白质组 DESeq2 RNA-Seq

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Automatic and Robust Segmentation of Multiple Sclerosis Lesions with Convolutional Neural Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第1期66卷 977-991页

作者： H.M.Rehan afzal Suhuai Luo Saadallah Ramadan Jeannette Lechner-Scott Mohammad Ruhul Amin Jiaming Li M.Kamran afzal M.Kamran afzal School of Electrical Engineering and Computing University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia Hunter Medical Research Institute New Lambton HeightsNSW 2305Australia Department of Neurology John Hunter HospitalNew Lambton HeightsNSW 2305Australia CSIRO Data61 MarsfieldNSW 2122Australia School of Computer Science and Technology Xiamen UniversityXiamen361005China

The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis(MS)is based on accurate detection of lesions on magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)which also provides ongoing essential information about the progression and status of the *** detection of lesions is very time consuming and lacks *** of the lesions are difficult to detect manually,especially within the grey *** paper proposes a novel and fully automated convolution neural network(CNN)approach to segment *** proposed system consists of two 2D patchwise CNNs which can segment lesions more accurately and *** first CNN network is implemented to segment lesions accurately,and the second network aims to reduce the false positives to increase *** system consists of two parallel convolutional pathways,where one pathway is concatenated to the second and at the end,the fully connected layer is replaced with *** routine MRI sequences T1-w,T2-w and FLAIR are used as input to the CNN,where FLAIR is used for segmentation because most lesions on MRI appear as bright regions and T1-w&T2-w are used to reduce MRI *** evaluated the proposed system on two challenge datasets that are publicly available from MICCAI and *** and qualitative evaluation has been performed with various metrics like false positive rate(FPR),true positive rate(TPR)and dice similarities,and were compared to current state-of-the-art *** proposed method shows consistent higher precision and sensitivity than other *** proposed method can accurately and robustly segment MS lesions from images produced by different MRI scanners,with a precision up to 90%.

关键词： Multiple sclerosis lesion segmentation automatic segmentation CNN automated tool lesion detection

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Are efforts up to the mark? A cirrhotic state and knowledge about HCV prevalence in general population of Pakistan

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2016年第6期9卷 597-598页

作者： muh.mmad sohail afzal Department of Chemistry School of Science University of Management and Technology (UMT)

Pakistan is declared a cirrhotic state by WHO because of high prevalence of Hepatitis C virus(HCV). It is proposed that there are more than 10 million infected individuals in Pakistan. Keeping in mind the scenario, one should expect to have proper surveillance system for HCV monitoring across the country not only for high risk groups but also for general population as well. Monitoring the general population is of considerable help to identify the hot spots for infection spread and will help in designing effective strategies. In this study the current available data from last 6 years is analyzed. The results showed that the range of HCV seroprevalence in general population in Pakistan varied from 3.13%-23.83%. Similarly year wise HCV prevalence showed great variation and the prevalence was 9.57%, 6.04%, 7.46%, 4.9% and 11.04% in 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014 respectively. The current analysis declared that available data is not sufficient and is not presenting the original picture of the situation. On these basis, a proper surveillance system is proposed across the country to get an actual picture of the infection for better management in future and massive community education programmes should be warranted in identified hot spots across the country.

关键词： HCV General population Prevalence Community education Pakistan

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Epidemiology of Polio virus infection in Pakistan and possible risk factors for its transmission

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2016年第11期9卷 1022-1025页

作者： Mahvish Kabir muh.mmad sohail afzal Department of Chemistry School of Science.University of Management and Technology(UMT)

End Polio Pakistan program still has to overcome many hurdles;unfortunately on 8th February2016 first polio case of the year has surfaced in *** seems that battle against polio demands little bit more conviction and *** has set a goal of polio eradication in Pakistan till 2018,in order to evaluate the success of this target;polio eradication campaign in Pakistan has been analyzed in different *** analysis indicated that major obstacles in eradication are low literacy rate,poor health infrastructure,lack of planning,natural disaster,economic crisis,counter insurgencies and almost no protection for polio health *** has allocated new funds to tackle this problem,now there is a need to spend this money more effectively with proper planning and honest deployment of funds.

关键词： Eradication Malnutrition Counter insurgencies Polio worker Hurdles in polio Pakistan

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Biotransformation,multifunctional recycling mechanism of nanostructures,and evaluation of the safety of nanoscale materials

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Particuology 2023年第11期82卷 76-86页

作者： Debjyoti Talukdar Parveen Kumar Benu Chaudhary Deepak Sharma Nishant Yadav Obaid afzal Abdulmalik Saleh Alfawaz Altamimi Waleed Hassan Almalki Sami IAlzarea Imran Kazmi Ashutosh Pareek Gaurav Gupta Madan Mohan Gupta Department of Medical Research Armenian Russian International University“Mkhitar Gosh”YerevanArmenia Shri Ram College of Pharmacy KarnalHaryanaIndia Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy YamunanagarHaryanaIndia Department of Pharmaceutical Technology SOMSAdamas UniversityBarasat-Barracpore RoadKolkataWest BengalIndia B.S.Anangpuria Institute of Pharmacy FaridabadHaryanaIndia Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry College of PharmacyPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl Kharj11942Saudi Arabia Department of Pharmacology College of PharmacyUmm Al-Qura UniversityMakkahSaudi Arabia Department of Pharmacology College of PharmacyJouf UniversitySakakaAl-JoufSaudi Arabia Department of Biochemistry Faculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia Department of Pharmacy Banasthali VidyapithBanasthali-RajasthanIndia School of Pharmacy Suresh Gyan Vihar UniversityJagatpura302017Mahal RoadJaipurIndia Department of Pharmacology Saveetha Dental CollegeSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesSaveetha UniversityChennaiIndia Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Uttaranchal UniversityDehradunIndia School of Pharmacy Faculty of Medical SciencesThe University of the West IndiesSt.AugustineTrinidad and Tobago

Current evidence of concept analyses recommending nanotechnology for biomedical uses abounds in recent research. The area of biotechnology interfaces with nanostructures, reconfigures their composition, and alters their characteristics;which influences the dispersion of the particles, the biotransformation they cause, and their potential toxic effect. It is vital to link the idea of the lifecycle of nanostructures to the biological impacts and use methodologies to identify, estimate, and track the gradual bioprocessing of nanostructures in vivo, from a body-wide level to a nanoscopic size. This is necessary because understanding how nanostructures processing, degradation, persistence, and recycling predict potential exposure risks. The safe implementation of nanotechnology-based products in biomedical applications necessitates an extensive understanding of the recycling and transformations of nanomaterials in a living organism. Long-term fate in the body is crucial, as it governs potential environmental risks to human health. Strategies may be used to manage the long-term outcome of nanostructures in an organism since, in addition to composition, their design also affects how long they last and how easily they degrade. The lifespan of nanoparticles, a flexible and biocompatible category of nanostructures that have made it into clinical trials, is the subject of this article. Strategies may be used to manage the long-term outcome of nanoparticles in an organism since, in addition to composition, their design also affects how long they last and how easily they degrade. This review explained the safety of nanoscale materials, biotransformation, and the multifunctional recycling mechanism of nanostructures.

关键词： Nanostructure Nanoparticle Biotransformation Toxiceffect Environmental risk

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Circulating immune cell landscape in patients who had mild ischaemic stroke

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2022年第4期7卷 319-327,I0020-I0022页

作者： Young-Eun Cho Hyangkyu Lee Heekyong R.Bae Hyungsuk Kim Sijung Yun Rany Vorn Ann Cashion Mary Jo Rucker Mariam afzal Lawrence Latour Jessica Gill College of Nursing The University of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA National Institute of Nursing Research National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute College of NursingYonsei UniversitySeoulSouth Korea National Eye Institute National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA Predictiv Care IncSunnyvaleCaliforniaUSA School of Nursing Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA College of Nursing University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTennesseeUSA Suburban Hospital BethesdaMarylandUSA National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA

Introduction Patients who had a mild ischaemic stroke who present with subtle or resolving symptoms sometimes go undiagnosed,are excluded from treatment and in some cases clinically *** immune cells are potential biomarkers that can assist with diagnosis in ischaemic *** the transcriptomic changes of each cell population caused by ischaemic stroke is critical because they work closely in a complicated *** this study,we investigated peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)transcriptomics of patients who had a stroke using a single-cell RNA sequencing to understand peripheral immune response after mild stroke based on the gene expression in an unbiased *** Transcriptomes of PBMCsfrom 10 patients who had an acute ischaemic stroke within 24 hours after stroke onset were compared with 9 race-matched/age-matched/gender-matched *** PBMCs were prepared with ddSeqTM(Illumina-BioRad)and sequenced on the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 *** Notable population changes were observed in patients who had a stroke,especially in NK cells and CD14+*** number of NK cells was increased,which was further confirmed by flow *** analysis implied that the activity of NK cells also is enhanced in patients who had a ***14+monocytes were clustered into two groups;dendritic cell-related CD14+monocytes and NK cell-related CD14+*** found CD14+monocyte subclusters were dramatically reduced in patients who had a *** This is the first study demonstrating the increased number of NK cells and new monocyte subclusters of mild ischaemic stroke based on the transcriptomic *** findings provide the dynamics of circulating immune response that could assist diagnosis and potential therapeutic development of mild ischaemic stroke.

关键词： patients diagnosis Circulating

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Exact solution of electroosmotic flow in generalized Burgers fluid

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2011年第9期32卷 1119-1126页

作者： T.HAYAT S.afzal A.HENDI Department of Mathematics Quaid-i-Azam University Department of Mathematics King Saud University Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceKing Saud University

An exact solution is developed for the time periodic electroosmotic flow of a non-Newtonian fluid between the micro-parallel *** constitutive equations of a generalized Burgers fluid are used in the mathematical *** resulting problem is solved by a Fourier transform *** are plotted and discussed for various emerging parameters of interest.

关键词： generalized Burgers fluid periodic flow Fourier transform

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Optimization of deep network models through fine tuning

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International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics 2018年第3期11卷 386-403页

作者： M.Arif Wani Saduf afzal Postgraduate Department of Computer Science University of KashmirSrinagarIndia University of Kashmir SrinagarIndia

Purpose–Many strategies have been put forward for training deep network models,however,stacking of several layers of non-linearities typically results in poor propagation of gradients and *** purpose of this paper is to explore the use of two steps strategy where initial deep learning model is obtained first by unsupervised learning and then optimizing the initial deep learning model by fine tuning.A number of fine tuning algorithms are explored in this work for optimizing deep learning *** includes proposing a new algorithm where Backpropagation with adaptive gain algorithm is integrated with Dropout technique and the authors evaluate its performance in the fine tuning of the pretrained deep ***/methodology/approach–The parameters of deep neural networks are first learnt using greedy layer-wise unsupervised *** proposed technique is then used to perform supervised fine tuning of the deep neural network *** experimental study is performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed fine tuning technique on three benchmark data sets:USPS,Gisette and *** authors have tested the approach on varying size data sets which include randomly chosen training samples of size 20,50,70 and 100 percent from the original data ***–Through extensive experimental study,it is concluded that the two steps strategy and the proposed fine tuning technique significantly yield promising results in optimization of deep network ***/value–This paper proposes employing several algorithms for fine tuning of deep network model.A new approach that integrates adaptive gain Backpropagation(BP)algorithm with Dropout technique is proposed for fine tuning of deep *** and comparison of various algorithms proposed for fine tuning on three benchmark data sets is presented in the paper.

关键词： Dropout Deep neural network Contrastive divergence Fine tuning of deep neural network Restricted Boltzmann machine Unsupervised pretraining Backpropagation

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