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黑死病与奥斯曼帝国的兴起(1347-1453)

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古代文明（中英文） 2025年第1期19卷 50-58,M0004,M0005页

作者：母仕洪西南大学历史文化学院、伊朗研究中心重庆400715

14世纪中叶以降,黑死病在东地中海地区反复暴发,对当地的国家造成严重冲击,尤其是使日渐衰微的拜占庭帝国遭受严重的人口衰减与社会瓦解。然而,此间征服事业方兴未艾的奥斯曼帝国不仅躲过黑死病致命侵袭,反而借助黑死病对敌对政权的摧... 详细信息

14世纪中叶以降,黑死病在东地中海地区反复暴发,对当地的国家造成严重冲击,尤其是使日渐衰微的拜占庭帝国遭受严重的人口衰减与社会瓦解。然而,此间征服事业方兴未艾的奥斯曼帝国不仅躲过黑死病致命侵袭,反而借助黑死病对敌对政权的摧残加速了对外扩张进程,实现了国力的持续提升。黑死病之所以对奥斯曼帝国与敌对政权的冲击效应大相径庭,主要缘于帝国位居内陆的地理位置、游牧社会组织形式以及相对有效的防疫举措。总之,黑死病肆虐对以拜占庭帝国为主的东地中海诸政权产生了严重负面效应,一定程度上为奥斯曼早期扩张铺平了道路,成为促进帝国兴起不可忽视的重要因素。

关键词：黑死病奥斯曼帝国拜占庭帝国瘟疫大流行

A Blockchain Based Framework for Information System Integrity

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China Communications 2019年第6期16卷 1-17页

作者： Mahalingam ramkumar Department of Computer Science and Engineering Mississippi State University

A blockchain based system integrity(BCSI)framework for assuring the integrity of information system processes is *** is well suited for a broad class of large scale real-world information *** the BCSI framework,the integrity of any information system I is assured by executing the finite state machine model for system I processes in a blockchain *** BCSI framework is compared and contrasted with the Clark-Wilson(CW)system integrity model,and existing blockchain based frameworks like Ethereum.

关键词： blockchains finite state machine model ordered merkle tree

Utilization of chemical looping strategy in coal gasification processes

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Particuology 2008年第3期6卷 131-142页

作者： Liangshih Fan Shwetha ramkumar Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The Ohio State UniversityUnited States

Three chemical looping gasification processes, i.e. Syngas Chemical Looping （SCL） process, Coal Direct Chemical Looping （CDCL） process, and Calcium Looping process （CLP）, are being developed at the Ohio State University （OSU）. These processes utilize simple reaction schemes to convert carbonaceous fuels into products such as hydrogen, electricity, and synthetic fuels through the transformation of a highly reactive, highly recyclable chemical intermediate. In this paper, these novel chemical looping gasification processes are described and their advantages and potential challenges for commercialization are discussed.

关键词： Chemical looping Gasification process Combustion Hydrogen

Differential response of injured and healthy retinas to syngeneic and allogeneic transplantation of a clonal cell line of immortalized olfactory ensheathing glia:a double-edged sword

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2395-2407页

作者： María Norte-muñoz María Portela-Lomba Paloma Sobrado-Calvo Diana Simón Johnny Di Pierdomenico Alejandro Gallego-Ortega Mar Pérez JoséMCabrera-Maqueda Javier Sierra Manuel Vidal-Sanz María Teresa Moreno-Flores Marta Agudo-Barriuso Grupo de Investigación Oftalmología Experimental Departamento de OftalmologíaOptometríaOtorrinolaringología y Anatomía PatológicaFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de MurciaInstituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria(IMIB)Campus de Ciencias de la SaludMurciaSpain Experimental Sciences Faculty Universidad Francisco de VitoriaPozuelo de AlarcónMadridSpain Anatomy Histology and Neuroscience DepartmentMedicine FacultyUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain Center of Neuroimmunology Service of NeurologyLaboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological DiseasesHospital Clínic of BarcelonaInstitut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer(IDIBAPS)and Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain Medicine Faculty Universidad Francisco de VitoriaPozuelo de AlarcónMadridSpain

Olfactory ensheathing glia promote axonal regeneration in the mammalian central nervous system,including retinal ganglion cell axonal growth through the injured optic ***,it is unknown whether olfactory ensheathing glia also have neuroprotective *** ensheathing glia express brain-derived neurotrophic factor,one of the best neuroprotectants for axotomized retinal ganglion ***,we aimed to investigate the neuroprotective capacity of olfactory ensheating glia after optic nerve *** ensheathing glia cells from an established rat immortalized clonal cell line,TEG3,were intravitreally injected in intact and axotomized retinas in syngeneic and allogeneic mode with or without microglial inhibition or immunosuppressive *** and gene expression analyses were *** bulb-derived primary olfactory ensheathing glia and TEG3 express major histocompatibility complex classⅡ*** and syngenically transplanted TEG3 cells survived in the vitreous for up to 21 days,forming an *** axotomized retinas,only the allogeneic TEG3 transplant rescued retinal ganglion cells at 7 days but not at 21 *** these retinas,microglial anatomical activation was higher than after optic nerve crush *** intact retinas,both transplants activated microglial cells and caused retinal ganglion cell death at 21 days,a loss that was higher after allotransplantation,triggered by pyroptosis and partially rescued by microglial inhibition or ***,neuroprotection of axotomized retinal ganglion cells did not improve with these *** different neuroprotective properties,different toxic effects,and different responses to microglial inhibitory treatments of olfactory ensheathing glia in the retina depending on the type of transplant highlight the importance of thorough preclinical studies to explore these variables.

关键词： cell therapy immune recognition major histocompatibility complex class II(MHCII) neuroprotection olfactory ensheathing glia retinal ganglion cells

Hydrocarbon reserves of the South China Sea:Implications for regional energy security

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Energy Geoscience

Energy Geoscience 2020年第1期1卷 1-7页

作者： mu.ramkumar M.Santosh Manoj J.Mathew David Menier R.Nagarajan Benjamin Sautter Department of Geology Periyar UniversitySalem636011India School of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing29 Xueyuan RoadBeijing100083China Department of Earth Sciences University of AdelaideSA5005Australia Shale Gas Research Group Institute of Hydrocarbon RecoveryUniversiti Teknologi PETRONAS32610Seri IskandarMalaysia Laboratoire Geosciences Ocean(LGO) GMGL UMR CNRS 6538Universite de Bretagne Sud56017 Vannes CedexFrance Department of Applied Geology Curtin University SarawakMalaysia Department of Geosciences Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS32610Seri IskandarMalaysia

The countries such as China,Vietnam,Philippines,Malaysia,Indonesia and Brunei that border South China Sea region have immense stakes in exploring and exploiting the natural resources of the region including *** than the hydrocarbon reserves,the South China Sea is home to World’s high-networth trade route that brings the interests of non-geographic entities to this ***,the purported reserves of hydrocarbon in the region are in the orders of Persian Gulf but are not yet properly explored and the reserves recovered owing to territorial and non-claimant stakeholder’s influences/*** paper is a synopsis of information on the hydrocarbon reserves of the South China Sea region,and evaluates the territorial and extra-territorial interests in the light of energy security and equitable development and utilization of natural resources from a geological *** also suggest several measures for future consideration and implementation.

关键词： Energy security South China Sea Hydrocarbon-flashpoint Exploration Marine resources

Hierarchical delineation and multivariate statistical discrimination of chemozones of the Cauvery Basin,south India:Implications on spatio-temporal scales of stratigraphic correlation

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Petroleum Science 2010年第4期7卷 435-447页

作者： ramkumar mu. BERNER Z. STBEN D. Department of Geology Periyar University Institute of Palaeoenvironment University of Erlangen-Nuernberg Institute of Mineralogy and Geochemistry University of Karlsruhe

Success in locating oil pools in the Cauvery Basin,south India had been found to be based on the ability to delineate precisely the stratigraphic traps resulting from frequent sea level ***,recognition and delineation of them in terms of depositional units through conventional stratigraphic methods have been elusive owing to the limitations of such methods and lack of unified stratigraphic markers that could be traced at regional and basinal *** paper attempts to recognize depositional units in terms of chemozones,chronologic and lithostratigraphic units by assigning distinct geochemical *** signatures were assigned through hierarchical delineation and discriminant function *** is observed that individual depositional units could be recognized statistically with whole-rock geochemical *** strata under study show two second order chemozones comprising six major chemozones that in turn correspond to third order sea level cycles and minor chemozones at the scale of fourth order and/or further shorter sea level *** geochemical signatures showed 100% distinctness between sample populations categorized according to chronostratigraphy and *** durations of these stratigraphic units range from 18 million years to less than a million years and indicate distinct geochemical compositional change at different time *** implication and also due to the close correspondence between sea level variations reported from this basin and global sea level cycles,it is suggested that recognition and correlation of individual depositional units with distal counterparts could be made *** of these results is that stratigraphic units,at varying scales either temporally or spatially,could be assigned with unique geochemical signature,with which accurate prediction and correlation of similar units elsewhere is possible with measurable accuracy.

关键词： Chemostratigraphy statistical discrimination petroleum exploration stratigraphic correlation

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轨道交通钢混组合连续梁及剪力件设计探讨

价值工程 2025年第1期44卷 71-73页

作者：李牧中铁上海设计院集团有限公司上海200040

由于钢混组合梁结构可以充分发挥混凝土和钢结构的性能优势,因此在轨道交通桥梁设计中逐步得到推广。目前对于轨道交通组合梁上部结构构造设计及计算参考较少,不同设计标准、规范针对剪力件的计算仍存在区别,因此有必要对上述问题进行... 详细信息

由于钢混组合梁结构可以充分发挥混凝土和钢结构的性能优势,因此在轨道交通桥梁设计中逐步得到推广。目前对于轨道交通组合梁上部结构构造设计及计算参考较少,不同设计标准、规范针对剪力件的计算仍存在区别,因此有必要对上述问题进行分析探讨。本文结合国内某轨道交通项目(45+70+45)m钢混组合连续梁的设计,通过有限元软件建模计算,分析钢混组合梁的受力特点,并针对国内外不同规范对于钢混组合梁剪力件的抗剪承载力计算公式进行比较及探讨,以期为同类型桥梁设计计算提供一定参考。

关键词：轨道交通桥梁钢混组合连续梁剪力连接件焊钉结构分析

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Key Management Using Chebyshev Polynomials for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

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China Communications 2017年第11期14卷 237-246页

作者： K.R.ramkumar Raman Singh Chitkara University Chandigarh - Patiala National Highways (NH 64)Patiala - 140401 Punjab India Thapar University Patiala- 147004 Punjab India

A dedicated key server cannot be instituted to manage keys for MANETs since they are dynamic and unstable. The Lagrange's polynomial and curve fitting are being used to implement hierarchical key management for Mobile Ad hoc Networks(MANETs). The polynomial interpolation by Lagrange and curve fitting requires high computational efforts for higher order polynomials and moreover they are susceptible to Runge's phenomenon. The Chebyshev polynomials are secure, accurate, and stable and there is no limit to the degree of the polynomials. The distributed key management is a big challenge in these time varying networks. In this work, the Chebyshev polynomials are used to perform key management and tested in various conditions. The secret key shares generation, symmetric key construction and key distribution by using Chebyshev polynomials are the main elements of this projected work. The significance property of Chebyshev polynomials is its recursive nature. The mobile nodes usually have less computational power and less memory, the key management by using Chebyshev polynomials reduces the burden of mobile nodes to implement the overall system.

关键词： chebyshev polynomials interpolation secret sharing key management

Distribution of clay minerals in marine sediments off Chennai,Bay of Bengal,India:Indicators of sediment sources and transport processes

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2014年第1期29卷 11-23页

作者： Subramanian VEERASINGAM Ramdoss VENKATACHALAPATHY Thirunavukkarasu ramkumar CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography Department of Physics Annamalai University Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology Faculty of Marine SciencesAnnamalai University Department of Earth Sciences Annamalai University

Clay mineralogy,texture size and statistical analyses were carried out on surface sediments from the continental shelf of Chennai,Bay of Bengal,*** purpose of this study is to characterize the clay mineral distribution and its relation to the hydrodynamics off Chennai to identify the sources and transport pathways of the marine *** of clay minerals in coastal sediments by Fourier Transform Infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy has provided the association of quartz,feldspar,kaolinite,chlorite,illite and iron oxides(magnetite and hematite) derived from river catchments and coastal ***,chlorite,illite,iron oxides,and organic matter are the dominant minerals in Cooum,and Adayar *** quartz and feldspar zones were identified in Marina,which are being confined the sand zone and paralleling the *** strong relationships among the wave energy density,sand,quartz and carbonate revealed that wave induced littoral drift system play a dominant role in transportation and deposition of sediments in the Chennai *** sediment texture and minerals data are in agreement well with the previous results of hydrodynamics and littoral drift models in this *** statistical analyses(correlation,cluster and factor analyses) were carried out and obtained results suggested that clay minerals and organic matter are trapped in silt and clay particles,whereas quartz,feldspar and carbonate are associated with sand *** of sediment sources and transport processes from this study will be useful to predict the fate of the pollutants released from land or the potential change in sediment delivery to coastal areas.

关键词： Clay minerals Texture size Marine sediment Hydrodynamics multivariate statistics