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Research and development of the back-end electronics for the two-dimensional improved resistive plate chambers in CMS upgrade

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2021年第2期5卷 181-191页

作者： P.Cao Z-A.Liu J.Zhao H.Kou J.Tao J.Song W.Gong N.Wang A.Samalan M.Tytgat N.Zaganidis G.A.Alves F.Marujo F.Torres.Da.S.ilva.De.Araujo E.M.Da Costa D.De Jesus Damiao H.Nogima A.Santoro S.fonseca De Souza A.Aleksandrov R.Hadjiiska P.Iaydjiev M.Rodozov M.Shopova G.Sultanov M.Bonchev A.Dimitrov L.Litov B.Pavlov P.Petkov A.Petrov S.J.Qian C.Bernal A.Cabrera J.Fraga A.Sarkar S.Elsayed Y.Assran M.El Sawy M.A.Mahmoud Y.Mohammed X.Chen C.Combaret M.Gouzevitch G.Grenier I.Laktineh L.Mirabito K.Shchablo I.Bagaturia D.Lomidze I.Lomidze V.Bhatnagar R.Gupta P.Kumari J.Singh V.Amoozegar B.Boghrati M.Ebraimi R.Ghasemi M.Mohammadi Najafabadi E.Zareian M.Abbrescia R.Aly W.Elmetenawee N.De Filippis A.Gelmi G.Iaselli S.Leszki F.Loddo I.Margjeka G.Pugliese D.Ramos L.Benussi S.Bianco D.Piccolo S.Buontempo A.Di Crescenzo F.Fienga G.De Lellis L.Lista S.Meola P.Paolucci A.Braghieri P.Salvini P.Montagna C.Riccardi P.Vitulo B.Francois T.J.Kim J.Park S.Y.Choi B.Hong K.S.Lee J.Goh H.Lee J.Eysermans C.Uribe Estrada I.Pedraza H.Castilla-Valdez A.Sanchez-Hernandez C.A.Mondragon Herrera D.A.Perez Navarro G.A.Ayala Sanchez S.Carrillo E.Vazquez A.Radi A.Ahmad I.Asghar H.Hoorani S.Muhammad M.A.Shah I.Crotty Department of Physics and Astronomy Ghent UniversityProeftuinstraat 869000 GhentBelgium Centro Brasileiro Pesquisas Fisicas R.Dr.Xavier Sigaud150-UrcaRio de JaneiroRJ 22290-180Brazil Dep.de Fisica Nuclear e Altas Energias Instituto de FisicaUniversidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroRua Sao Francisco Xavier524BR-Rio de Janeiro 20559-900RJBrazil Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Inst.for Nucl.Res.and Nucl.EnergyTzarigradsko shaussee Boulevard 721784 SofiaBulgaria Faculty of Physics University of Sofia5 James Bourchier Boulevard1164 SofiaBulgaria School of Physics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Institute of High Energy Physics UCAS/CAS19(B)Yuquan RoadShijingshan DistrictBeijing 100049China Universidad de Los Andes Apartado Aereo 4976Carrera 1Eno.18A 10BogotaCOColombia Egyptian Network for High Energy Physics Academy of Scientific Research and Technology101 Kasr El-Einy St.CairoEgypt The British University in Egypt(BUE) P.O.Box 43Elsherouk CitySuez Desert RoadCairo 11837Egypt Suez University Elsalam CitySuez-Cairo RoadSuez 43522Egypt Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceBeni-Suef UniversityBeni-SuefEgypt Center for High Energy Physics Faculty of ScienceFayoum UniversityEl-Fayoum 63514Egypt Univ Lyon Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1CNRS/IN2P3IP2I LyonUMR 582269622 VilleurbanneFrance Georgian Technical University 77 Kostava Str.Tbilisi 0175Georgia Department of Physics Panjab UniversityChandigarh 160014India School of Particles and Accelerators Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences(IPM)P.O.Box 19395-5531TehranIran School of Engineering Damghan UniversityDamghan ***Iran INFN Sezione di BariVia Orabona 470126 BariItaly INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati(LNF)Via Enrico Fermi 4000044 FrascatiItaly INFN Sezione di NapoliComplesso Univ.Monte S.AngeloVia Cintia80126 NaplesItaly INFN Sezione di PaviaVia Bassi 6PaviaItaly INFN Sezione di Pavia and University of PaviaVia Bassi 6PaviaItaly Hanyang University 222 Wangsimni-roSageun-dongSeongdong

Purpose To complement and ensure redundancy in the endcap muon system of the Compact Muon Solenoid(CMS)detector and to extend the Resistive Plate Chamber(RPC)system coverage,improved RPCs(iRPCs)with either orthogonal layer strips with one-end electronics or single layer strips with two-end electronics providing more precise time measurement will be installed in the very forward pseudorapidity region of|η|<*** iRPC readout system needs to support twodimensional(2D)or two-end *** addition,it must combine detector data with Timing,Trigger and fast Control(TTC)and Slow Control(SC)into one data stream over a bi-directional optical link with a line rate of 4.8 Gb/s between the Front-End Electronics(FEE)and the Back-End Electronics(BEE).To fulfill these requirements,a prototype BEE for the iRPC 2D chamber has been researched and *** A Micro-Telecommunication and Computing Architecture(μTCA)-based processing card was designed in this study to establish a prototype system together with aμTCA *** Giga-Bit Transceiver(GBT)protocol is integrated to provide bi-directional communication between the FEE and BEE.A server is connected with the BEE by a Gigabit Ethernet(GbE)link for SC and a 10-GbE link for Data AcQuisition(DAQ).Results The Bit Error Rate(BER)test of the back-end board and a joint test with the iRPC 2D prototype chamber were *** less than 1.331×10−16 was *** timemeasurement with a resolution of 3.05 nswas successfully realized,and detector efficiencies of 97.7%for longitudinal strips and 96.0%for orthogonal strips were *** results demonstrate the correctness and reliability of the prototype *** The BEE prototype satisfies the requirements for the iRPC 2D chamber,and it worked stably and reliably during a long-term joint test run.

关键词： CMS iRPC TTC SC BEE μTCA GBT DAQ

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R&D of back-end electronics for improved resistive plate chambers for the phase 2 upgrade of the CMS end-capmuon system

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2022年第3期6卷 306-316页

作者： H.Kou Z.-A.Liu J.Zhao J.Song Q.Hou W.Diao P.Cao W.Gong N.Wang A.Samalan M.Tytgat M.El Sawy G.A.Alves F.Marujo E.A.Coelho F.Torres Da Silva De Araujo E.M.Da Costa H.Nogima A.Santoro S.fonseca De Souza D.De Jesus Damiao M.Thiel M.Barroso Ferreira Filho K.Mota Amarilo A.Aleksandrov R.Hadjiiska P.Iaydjiev M.Rodozov M.Shopova G.Sultanov A.Dimitrov L.Litov B.Pavlov P.Petkov A.Petrov E.Shumka S.J.Qian C.Avila D.Barbosa A.Cabrera A.Florez J.Fraga J.Reyes Y.Assran M.A.Mahmoud Y.Mohammed I.Laktineh G.Grenier M.Gouzevitch L.Mirabito K.Shchablo C.Combaret W.Tromeur G.Galbit A.Luciol X.Chen I.Bagaturia I.Lomidze Z.Tsamalaidze V.Amoozegar B.Boghrati M.Ebraimi E.Zareian M.Mohammadi Najafabadi M.Abbrescia G.Iaselli G.Pugliese F.Loddo N.De Filippis R.Aly D.Ramos W.Elmetenawee S.Leszki I.Margjeka D.Paesani L.Benussi S.Bianco D.Piccolo S.Meola S.Buontempo F.Carnevali L.Lista P.Paolucci F.Fienga A.Braghieri P.Salvini P.Montagna C.Riccardi P.Vitulo E.Asilar J.Choi T.J.Kim S.Y.Choi B.Hong K.S.Lee H.Y.Oh J.Goh I.Yu C.Uribe Estrada I.Pedraza H.Castilla-Valdez R.L.Fernandez A.Sanchez-Hernandez E.Vazquez M.Ramirez-Garcia N.Zaganidis A.Radi H.Hoorani S.Muhammad A.Ahmad I.Asghar M.A.Shah W.A.Khan J.Eysermans I.Crotty on behalf of the CMS Muon Group Department of Physics and Astronomy Ghent UniversityProeftuinstraat 869000 GhentBelgium UniversitéLibre de Bruxelles Avenue Franklin Roosevelt50-1050 BruxellesBelgium Centro Brasileiro Pesquisas Fisicas R.Dr.Xavier Sigaud150UrcaRio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro 22290-180Brazil Department de Fisica Nuclear e Altas Energias Instituto de FisicaUniversidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroRua Sao Francisco Xavier524Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro 20559-900Brazil Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Institute for Nuclear Researches and Nuclear EnergyTzarigradsko Shaussee Boulevard 721784 SofiaBulgaria Faculty of Physics University of Sofia5 James Bourchier Boulevard1164 SofiaBulgaria School of Physics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences B325Main BuildingNo.19(A)Yuquan RoadShijingshan DistrictBeijing 100049China Universidad de Los Andes Carrera 1No.18A-12BogotáColombia Egyptian Network for High Energy Physics Academy of Scientific Research and Technology101 Kasr El-Einy St.CairoEgypt Suez University SuezCairo RoadElsalam CitySuez 43522Egypt Center for High Energy Physics(CHEP-FU) Faculty of ScienceFayoum UniversityEl-Fayoum 63514Egypt Univ Lyon Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1CNRS/IN2P3IP2I LyonUMR 582269622 VilleurbanneFrance Georgian Technical University 77 Kostava Str.0175 TbilisiGeorgia School of Particles and Accelerators Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences(IPM)P.O.Box 19395-5531 TehranIran School of Engineering Damghan UniversityDamghan ***Iran INFN Sezione di BariVia Orabona 470126 BariItaly INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati(LNF)Via Enrico Fermi 4000044 FrascatiItaly INFN Sezione di NapoliComplesso University Monte S.AngeloVia Cintia80126 NapoliItaly Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e delle Tecnologie dell’Informazione UniversitàDegli Studi di Napoli Federico II80126 NapoliI

Purpose The Large Hadron Collider(LHC)at European Organization for Nuclear Research is planned to be upgraded to the high luminosity *** the luminosity makes muon triggering reliable and ofﬂine reconstruction very *** enhance the redundancy of the Compact Muon Solenoid(CMS)Muon system and resolve the ambiguity of track reconstruction in the forward region,an improved Resistive Plate Chamber(iRPC)with excellent time resolution will be installed in the Phase-2 CMS *** iRPC will be equipped with Front-End Electronics(FEE),which can perform high-precision time measurements of signals from both ends of the *** Back-End Electronics(BEE)need to be researched and developed to provide sophisticated functionalities such as interacting with FEE with shared links for fast,slow control(SC)and data,in addition to trigger primitives(TPs)generation and data acquisition(DAQ).Method The BEE prototype uses a homemade hardware board compatible with the MTCA standard,the back-end board(BEB).BEE interacts with FEE via a bidirectional 4.8 Gbps optical paired-link that integrates clock,data,and control *** clock and fast/slow control commands are distributed from BEB to the FEE via the *** uplink is used for BEB to receive the time information of the iRPC’sﬁred strips and the responses to the fast/slow control *** have a pipelined detector data for clusterﬁnding operation,recover(DeMux)the time relationship of which is changed due to the transmission protocol for the continuous incoming MUXed data from *** at each bunch crossing(BX),clusteringﬁred strips that satisfy time and spatial constraints to generate *** incoming raw MUXed detector data and TPs in a time window and latency based on the trigger signal are read out to the DAQ *** Ethernet(GbE)of SiTCP and commercial 10-GbE are used as link standards for SC and DAQ,respectively,for the BEB to interact with the *** The joint test results of

关键词： CMS iRPC BEE TP DAQ SC

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Decline in subarachnoid haemorrhage volumes associated with the first wave of the COVID- 19 pandemic

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2021年第4期6卷 542-552,I0026-I0032页

作者： Thanh N Nguyen Diogo C Haussen Muhammad M Qureshi Hiroshi Yamagami Toshiyuki Fujinaka Ossama Y Mansour Mohamad Abdalkader Michael Frankel Zhongming Qiu Allan Taylor Pedro Lylyk Omer F Eker Laura Mechtouff Michel Piotin Fabricio Oliveira Lima Francisco Mont'Alverne Wazim Izzath Nobuyuki Sakai Mahmoud Mohammaden Alhamza R Al-Bayati Leonardo Renieri Salvatore Mangiafico David Ozretic Vanessa Chalumeau Saima Ahmad Umair Rashid Syed Irteza Hussain Seby John Emma Griffin John Thornton Jose Antonio Fiorot Rodrigo Rivera Nadia Hammami Anna M Cervantes-Arslanian Hormuzdiyar H Dasenbrock Huynh Le Vu Viet Quy Nguyen Steven Hetts Romain Bourcier Romain Guile Melanie Walker Malveeka Sharma Don Frei Pascal Jabbour Nabeel Herial Fawaz Al-Mufti Atilla Ozcan Ozdemir Ozlem Aykac Dheeraj Gandhi Chandril Chugh Charles Matouk Pascale Lavoie Randall Edgell Andre Beer-Furlan Michael Chen Monika Killer-Oberpfalzer Vitor Mendes Pereira Patrick Nicholson Vikram Huded Nobuyuki Ohara Daisuke Watanabe Dong Hun Shin Pedro SC Magalhaes Raghid Kikano Santiago Ortega-Gutierrez Mudassir Farooqui Amal Abou-Hamden Tatsuo Amano Ryoo Yamamoto Adrienne Weeks Elena A Cora Rotem Sivan-Hoffmann Roberto Crosa Markus Möhlenbruch Simon Nagel Hosam Al-Jehani Sunil A Sheth Victor S Lopez Rivera James E Siegler Achmad Fidaus Sani Ajit S Puri Anna Luisa Kuhn Gianmarco Bernava Paolo Machi Daniel G Abud Octavio M Pontes-Neto Ajay K Wakhloo Barbara Voetsch Eytan Raz Shadi Yaghi Brijesh P Mehta Naoto Kimura Mamoru Murakami Jin Soo Lee Ji Man Hong Robert Fahed Gregory Walker Eiji Hagashi Steve M Cordina Hong Gee Roh Ken Wong Juan F Arenillas Mario Martinez-Galdamez Jordi Blasco Alejandro Rodriguez Vasquez Luisa.fonseca M Luis Silva Teddy Y Wu Simon John Alex Brehm Marios Psychogios William J Mack Matthew Tenser Tatemi Todaka Miki Fujimura Roberta Novakovic Jun Deguchi Yuri Sugiura Hiroshi Tokimura Rakesh Khatri Michael Kelly Lissa Peeling Yuichi Murayama Hugh Stephen Winters Johnny Wong Mohamed Teleb Jeremy Payne Hiroki Fukuda Kosuke Miyake Junsuke Shimbo Yusuke Sug Neurology RadiologyBoston Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA Neurology Marcus Stroke&Neuroscience CenterGrady Memorial HospitalEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Radiology Radiation OncologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA Neurology National Hospital Organization Osaka National HospitalOsakaJapan Neurosurgery National Hospital Organization Osaka National HospitalOsakaJapan Neurology Alexandria UniversityAlexandriaEgypt Radiology Boston Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Neurology Xinqiao HospitalChongqingChina Neurosurgery University of Cape TownRondeboschWestern CapeSouth Africa Neurosurgery Interventional NeuroradiologyClinica La Sagrada FamiliaBuenos AiresArgentina Neuroradiologie Neurologie VasculaireHospices Civils de LyonLyonAuvergne-Rhône AlpesFrance Neurologie Vasculaire Hospices Civils de LyonLyonAuvergne-Rhône AlpesFrance Interventional Neuroradiology Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de RothschildParisÎle-de FranceFrance Neurology Hospital Geral de FortalezaFortalezaBrazil Interventional Neuroradiology Hospital Geral de FortalezaFortalezaBrazil Neuroradiology Nottingham University Hospitals NHS TrustNottinghamUK Department of Neurosurgery Kobe City Medical Center General HospitalKobeHyogoJapan Interventional Neurovascular Unit University Hospital CareggiFirenzeToscanaItaly Neuroradiology University Hospital Centre ZagrebZagrebCroatia Interventional Neuroradiology Hopital BicetreLe Kremlin-BicetreFrance Stroke and Interventional Neuroradiology Lahore General HospitalLahorePakistan Neurological Institute Cleveland Clinic Abu DhabiAbu DhabiUAE Department of Radiology Beaumont HospitalDublinIreland Neurology Stroke UnitHospital-Estadual CentralVitoriaBrazil Neuroradiology Instituto de Neurocirugia Dr AsengoSantiagoChile Interventional Neuroradiology Institut National de NeurologieTunisTunisia Neurology Boston Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA Neurosurgery Boston Medical Center

Background During the COVID-19 pandemic,decreased volumes of stroke admissions and mechanical thrombectomy were *** study’s objective was to examine whether subarachnoid haemorrhage(SAH)hospitalisations and ruptured aneurysm coiling interventions demonstrated similar *** We conducted a cross-sectional,retrospective,observational study across 6 continents,37 countries and 140 comprehensive stroke *** with the diagnosis of SAH,aneurysmal SAH,ruptured aneurysm coiling interventions and COVID-19 were identified by prospective aneurysm databases or by International Classification of Diseases,10th Revision,*** 3-month cumulative volume,monthly volumes for SAH hospitalisations and ruptured aneurysm coiling procedures were compared for the period before(1 year and immediately before)and during the pandemic,defined as 1 March-31 May *** prior 1-year control period(1 March-31 May 2019)was obtained to account for seasonal *** There was a significant decline in SAH hospitalisations,with 2044 admissions in the 3 months immediately before and 1585 admissions during the pandemic,representing a relative decline of 22.5%(95%CI−24.3%to−20.7%,p<0.0001).Embolisation of ruptured aneurysms declined with 1170-1035 procedures,respectively,representing an 11.5%(95%CI−13.5%to−9.8%,p=0.002)relative *** analysis was noted for aneurysmal SAH hospitalisation decline from 834 to 626 hospitalisations,a 24.9%relative decline(95%CI−28.0%to−22.1%,p<0.0001).A relative increase in ruptured aneurysm coiling was noted in low coiling volume hospitals of 41.1%(95%CI 32.3%to 50.6%,p=0.008)despite a decrease in SAH admissions in this *** There was a relative decrease in the volume of SAH hospitalisations,aneurysmal SAH hospitalisations and ruptured aneurysm embolisations during the COVID-19 *** findings in SAH are consistent with a decrease in other emergencies,such as stroke and myocardial infarction.

关键词： diagnosis representing subarachnoid

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Performance and calibration of quark/gluon-jet taggers using 140 fb^(-1) of pp collisions at √s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第2期48卷 1-25页

作者： G. Aad B. Abbott K. Abeling N.J. Abicht S.H. Abidi A. Aboulhorma H. Abramowicz H. Abreu Y. Abulaiti B.S. Acharya C. Adam Bourdarios L. Adamczyk S.V. Addepalli M.J. Addison J. Adelman A. Adiguzel T. Adye A.A. Affolder Y. Afik M.N. Agaras J. Agarwala A. Aggarwal C. Agheorghiesei A. Ahmad F. Ahmadov W.S. Ahmed S. Ahuja X. Ai G. Aielli A. Aikot M. Ait Tamlihat B. Aitbenchikh I. Aizenberg M. Akbiyik T.P.A. Åkesson A.V. Akimov D. Akiyama N.N. Akolkar K. Al Khoury G.L. Alberghi J. Albert P. Albicocco G.L. Albouy S. Alderweireldt M. Aleksa I.N. Aleksandrov C. Alexa T. Alexopoulos F. Alfonsi M. Algren M. Alhroob B. Ali H.M.J. Ali S. Ali S.W. Alibocus M. Aliev G. Alimonti W. Alkakhi C. Allaire B.M.M. Allbrooke J.F. Allen C.A. Allendes Flores P.P. Allport A. Aloisio F. Alonso C. Alpigiani M. Alvarez Estevez A. Alvarez Fernandez M. Alves Cardoso M.G. Alviggi M. Aly Y. Amaral Coutinho A. Ambler C. Amelung M. Amerl C.G. Ames D. Amidei S.P. Amor Dos Santos K.R. Amos V. Ananiev C. Anastopoulos T. Andeen J.K. Anders S.Y. Andrean A. Andreazza S. Angelidakis A. Angerami A.V. Anisenkov A. Annovi C. Antel M.T. Anthony E. Antipov M. Antonelli F. Anulli M. Aoki T. Aoki J.A. Aparisi Pozo M.A. Aparo L. Aperio Bella C. Appelt A. Apyan N. Aranzabal S.J. Arbiol Val C. Arcangeletti A.T.H. Arce E. Arena J-F. Arguin S. Argyropoulos J.-H. Arling O. Arnaez H. Arnold G. Artoni H. Asada K. Asai S. Asai N.A. Asbah J. Assahsah K. Assamagan R. Astalos S. Atashi R.J. Atkin M. Atkinson H. Atmani P.A. Atmasiddha K. Augsten S. Auricchio A.D. Auriol V.A. Austrup G. Avolio K. Axiotis G. Azuelos D. Babal H. Bachacou K. Bachas A. Bachiu F. Backman A. Badea P. Bagnaia M. Bahmani A.J. Bailey V.R. Bailey J.T. Baines L. Baines O.K. Baker E. Bakos D. Bakshi Gupta V. Balakrishnan R. Balasubramanian E.M. Baldin P. Balek E. Ballabene F. Balli L.M. Baltes W.K. Balunas J. Balz E. Banas M. Bandieramonte A. Bandyopadhyay S. Bansal L. Barak M. Barakat E.L. Barberio D. Barberis M. Barbero M.Z. Barel K.N. Barends T. Barillari M-S. Barisits T. Barklow P. Baron D.A. Baron Mo The ATLAS Collaboration

The identification of jets originating from quarks and gluons,often referred to as quark/gluon tagging,plays an important role in various analyses performed at the Large Hadron Collider,as Standard Model measurements and searches for new particles decaying to quarks often rely on suppressing a large gluon-induced *** paper describes the measurement of the efficiencies of quark/gluon taggers developed within the ATLAS Collaboration,using √s=13 TeV proton–proton collision data with an integrated luminosity of 140 fb^(-1) collected by the ATLAS *** taggers with high performances in rejecting jets from gluon over jets from quarks are studied:one tagger is based on requirements on the number of inner-detector tracks associated with the jet,and the other combines several jet substructure observables using a boosted decision tree.A method is established to determine the quark/gluon fraction in data,by using quark/gluon-enriched subsamples defined by the jet *** in tagging efficiency between data and simulation are provided for jets with transverse momentum between 500 GeV and 2 TeV and for multiple tagger working points.

关键词： ATLAS JET QUARK GLUON TAGGING

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