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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2013年第2期3卷 186-192页

作者： Hironori sato Toshitaka Suzuki motohiro Hirabayashi Yoshinori Iizuka Hideaki Motoyama Yoshiyuki Fujii Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science Yamagata University Yamagata Japan Institute of Low Temperature Science Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan National Institute of Polar Research Tokyo Japan

A quantitative analysis of the total concentrations of Al and Na in the Antarctic ice sheet during the past 340 kyr was performed by applying the acid digestion method to the Dome Fuji ice core. Atmospheric fluxes of mineral and sea-salt aerosol to Dome Fuji were calculated from the total concentration. The average fluxes of mineral aerosol to Dome Fuji in the periods of glacial maximum, 18.6 ± 10.1 mg·m–2·yr–1, were larger than the value in the interglacial periods, 3.77 ± 2.20 mg·m–2·yr–1. Conversely, the fluxes of sea-salt have no significant difference between the average value of glacial maximum, 130 ± 55 mg·m–2·yr–1, and that of interglacial, 111 ± 54 mg·m–2·yr–1. The results obtained in this study suggest that the variation of mineral aerosol flux in Dome Fuji, together with climate change, was much larger than that of sea-salt aerosol flux. This result may have occurred because the variety in the intensity of the source and transport during the glacial-interglacial cycle is more significant for mineral aerosol than that for sea-salt aerosol.

关键词： Ice Core Antarctica Dome Fuji Climate Change Aerosol Flux Full Digestion

Characteristics of gas-liquid pulsed discharge plasma reactor and dye decoloration efficiency

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第5期24卷 840-845页

作者： Nyein Nyein Aye Masayuki sato Environmental Science and Engineering College Dalian Maritime University

The pulsed high-voltage discharge is a new advanced oxidation technology for water treatment. Methyl Orange （MO） dye wastewater was chosen as the target object. Some investigations were conducted on MO decoloration including the discharge characteristics of the multi-needle reactor, parameter optimization, and the degradation mechanism. The following results were obtained. The color group of the azo dye MO was effectively decomposed by water surface plasma. The decoloration rate was promoted with the increase of treatment time, peak voltage, and pulse frequency. When the initial conductivity was 1700 μS/cm, the decoloration rate was the highest. The optimum distance between the needle electrodes and the water surface was 1 mm, the distance between the grounding electrode and the water surface was 28 mm, and the number of needle electrodes and spacing between needles were 24 and 7.5 mm, respectively. The decoloration rate of MO was affected by the gas in the reactor and varied in the order oxygen 〉 air〉 argon 〉 nitrogen, and the energy yield obtained in this investigation was 0.45 g/kWh.

关键词： multi-needle plasma reactor water surface plasma decoloration efficiency Methyl Orange decoloration

POLYMER COLLOIDS FORMED BY POLYELECTROLYTE COMPLEXATION OF VINYL POLYMERS AND POLYSACCHARIDES IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2013年第1期31卷 39-49页

作者： Hui-dan Liu Takahiro sato Department of Macromolecular Science Osaka University

The polyelectrolyte complex formed from the polyanion and polycation was studied by turbidimetry, static and electrophoretic light scattering, and elementary analysis. Sodium salts of polyacrylate （PA） and heparin （Hep） were chosen as the polyanion, and hydrochloric salts of poly（vinyl amine）（PVA） and chitosan （Chts） as the polycation. Although these vinyl polymers and polysaccharides have remarkably different backbone chemical structures and linear charge densities, all the four combinations PA-PVA, PA-Chts, Hep-PVA, and Hep-Chts provide almost stoichiometric polyelectrolyte complexes which are slightly charged owing to the adsorption of the excess polyelectrolyte component onto the neutral complex. The charges stabilize the complex colloids in aqueous solution of a non-stoichiometric mixture, and the aggregation number of the complex colloids increases with approaching to the stoichiometric mixing ratio. The mixing ratio dependence of the aggregation number for the four complexes is explained by the model proposed in the previous study.

关键词： Polyelectrolyte complex Colloidal dispersion Polyacrylate Poly(vinyl amine) Heparin Chitosan Lightscattering.

Low friction in self-mated silicon carbide tribosystem using nanodiamond as lubricating additive in water

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Friction 2021年第3期9卷 598-611页

作者： Xudong WANG Hirotsuna sato Koshi ADACHI UniversitéParis-Saclay UVSQLISVVélizy-Villacoublay 78124France Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering Graduate School of EngineeringTohoku University6-6-01Aramaki-azaAobaAoba-kuSendai 980-8579Japan Hino Motors Ltd.3-1-1Hino-daiHino-shiTokyo 191-8660Japan

Nanodiamond particles(NDPs)have been considered as a potential lubricant additive to various tribological applications,such as water lubrication *** this study,the tribological properties of silicon carbide(SiC)lubricated by NDPs dispersed in water are investigated utilizing the ball-on-disk *** is found that the slight addition of NDP to water(i.e.,0.001 wt%)can distinctly accelerate the running-in process,which is necessary to achieve a friction coefficient(μ)as low as *** study also discusses two NDP functional terminations—hydroxyl and *** is demonstrated that the use of carboxyl-terminated NDP over a wide range of concentration(0.001 wt%-1 wt%)yields a low friction *** contrast,the ideal effective concentration of hydroxyl-terminated NDP is considerably limited because agglomeration in this material is more probable to occur than in the ***,when utilizing NDPs,the input friction energy(P_(in),defined as the product of sliding speed and applied load)is found to have an essential *** sliding tests were implemented at various P_(in) values(50-1,500 mW)using carboxyl-terminated water-dispersed *** was observed that theμand wear decreased with increasing P_(in) when 200 mW

关键词： nanodiamond particle silicon carbide(SiC) lubrication termination groups running-in driving energy

Discrete dislocation plasticity analysis of dispersion strengthening in oxide dispersion strengthened(ODS) steels

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Journal of Central South University 2014年第4期21卷 1249-1255页

作者： Akiyuki Takahashi Shota sato Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Science and TechnologyTokyo University of Science

A discrete dislocation plasticity analysis of dispersion strengthening in oxide dispersion strengthened(ODS) steels was described. Parametric dislocation dynamics(PDD) simulation of the interaction between an edge dislocation and randomly distributed spherical dispersoids(Y2O3) in bcc iron was performed for measuring the influence of the dispersoid distribution on the critical resolved shear stress(CRSS). The dispersoid distribution was made using a method mimicking the Ostwald growth mechanism. Then, an edge dislocation was introduced, and was moved under a constant shear stress condition. The CRSS was extracted from the result of dislocation velocity under constant shear stress using the mobility(linear) relationship between the shear stress and the dislocation velocity. The results suggest that the dispersoid distribution gives a significant influence to the CRSS, and the influence of dislocation dipole, which forms just before finishing up the Orowan looping mechanism, is substantial in determining the CRSS, especially for the interaction with small dispersoids. Therefore, the well-known Orowan equation for determining the CRSS cannot give an accurate estimation, because the influence of the dislocation dipole in the process of the Orowan looping mechanism is not accounted for in the equation.

关键词： parametric dislocation dynamics oxide dispersion strengthened steel Orowan mechanism critical resolved shear stress dislocation dipole

Expulsion of geopressured hydrothermal system along active faults and its relation to the occurrence of earthquakes in the Shinanogawa seismic belt, Japan

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Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第2期48卷 273-281页

作者： Yasue Oki Osamu sato Research Institute for Hazards in Snowy Areas Niigata University Niigata 950-2181JapanResearch Institute for Hazards in Snowy Areas Niigata UniversityNiigata 950-2181Japan

The 1995 Northern Niigata Earthquake (M 6.0) occurred at a shallow depth in the Niigata seismic gap. The anomaly areas in temperature, electrical conductivity and Cl- concentration of groundwater trend northeast as linear distribution in the epicentral area and are approximately coincident with the area of the seismic intensity 6 (JMA scale). The distributions of seismic intensity 6 and groundwater anomalies convincingly imaged the presence of a buried active fault beneath the epicentral area. The occurrence of this earthquake and the anomalies of groundwater were related to the expulsion of geopressured hydrothermal system (GHS). All epicenters of the destructive earthquakes along the Shinanogawa seismic belt are actually located in the buried active fault zones characterized by the areas of temperature and geochemical anomalies of groundwater. These earthquakes might have been triggered by the activity of GHS. The expulsion of GHS along an active fault in combination with the thermal softening of fault zone attributed to high rock temperature may reduce fracture strength of the rock, and trigger earthquake occurrence. The dimension of the anomaly area of groundwater temperature at the epicentral area reflected the scale of the earthquake fault. The linear anomaly areas of groundwater resulting from the expulsion of GHS and having no historical destructive earthquake are of the predicated areas of future destructive earthquakes. Monitoring of groundwater conditions in these areas may provide useful information regarding the future occurrence of earthquakes.

关键词： Shinanogawa seismic belt, 1995 Northern Niigata Earthquake, geopressured hydrothermal system (GHS),buried active fault, expulsion of GHS.

Ionization of protoplanetary disks by galactic cosmic rays,solar protons,and supernova remnants

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Geoscience Frontiers 2017年第2期8卷 247-252页

作者： Ryuho Kataoka Tatsuhiko sato National Institute of Polar Research 10-3 Midori-choTachikawaTokyo190-8513Japan SOKENDAI 10-3 Midori-choTachikawaTokyo190-8513Japan Japan Atomic Energy Agency Shirakata 2-4TokaiIbaraki319-1195Japan

Galactic cosmic rays and solar protons ionize the present terrestrial atmosphere,and the air showers are simulated by well-tested Monte-Carlo simulations,such as PHITS *** use the latest version of PHITS to evaluate the possible ionization of protoplanetary disks by galactic cosmic rays（GCRs）,solar protons,and by supernova *** attenuation length of GCR ionization is updated as 118 g cm^-2,which is approximately 20% larger than the popular *** and soft possible spectra of solar protons give comparable and 20% smaller attenuation lengths compared with those from standard GCR spectra,respectively,while the attenuation length is approximately 10% larger for supernova ***,all of the attenuation lengths become 10% larger in the compound gas of cosmic abundance,e.g.128 g cm^-2 for GCRs,which can affect the minimum estimate of the size of dead zones in protoplanetary disks when the incident flux is unusually high.

关键词： Galactic cosmic rays Solar protons Supernova remnants Young Sun Protoplanetary disk T Tauri stars

A Switching Controller System for a Wheeled Mobile Robot

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2007年第4期4卷 281-289页

作者： Masanori sato Atushi Kanda Kazuo Ishii Department of Brain Science and Engineering Kyushu Institute of Technology Kitakyushu 808-0196 Japan

A wheeled mobile mechanism with a passive and/or active linkage mechanism for rough terrain environment is developed and evaluated. The wheeled mobile mechanism which has high mobility in rough terrain needs sophisticated system to adapt various environments. We focus on the development of a switching controller system for wheeled mobile robots in rough terrain. This system consists of two sub-systems： an environment recognition system using link angles and an adaptive control system. In the environment recognition system, we introduce a Self-Organizing Map （SOM） for clustering link angles. In the adaptive controllers, we introduce neural networks to calculate the inverse model of the wheeled mobile robot. The environment recognition system can recognize the environment in which the robot travels, and the adjustable controllers are tuned by experimental results for each environment. The dual sub-system switching controller system is experimentally evaluated. The system recognizes its environment and adapts by switching the adjustable controllers. This system demonstrates superior performance to a well-tuned single PID controller.

关键词： mobile robot rough terrain neural network Self-Organizing Map

Analytical study of performance evaluation for seismic retrofitting of reinforced concrete building using 3D dynamic nonlinear finite element analysis

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2011年第2期10卷 291-302页

作者： Yuichi sato Shinichi Kajihara Yoshio Kaneko Department of Architecture and Architectural Engineering Kyoto University Technology Center Taisei Corporation

This paper presents three-dimensional finite element （FE） analyses of an all-frame model of a three-story reinforced concrete （RC） building damaged in the 1999 Taiwan Chi-Chi Earthquake. Non-structural brick walls of the building acted as a seismic resistant element although their contributions were neglected in the design. Hence, the entire structure of a typical frame was modeled and static and dynamic nonlinear analyses were conducted to evaluate the contributions of the brick walls. However, the results of the analyses were considerably overestimated due to coarse mesh discretizations, which were unavoidable due to limited computer resources. This study corrects the overestimations by modifying （1） the tensile strengths and （2） shear stiffness reduction factors of concrete and brick. The results indicate that brick walls improve frame strength although shear failures are caused in columns shortened by spandrel walls. Then, the effectiveness of three types of seismic retrofits is evaluated. The maximum drift of the first floor is reduced by 89.3%, 94.8%, and 27.5% by Steel-confined, FuI1-RC, and Full-brick models, respectively. Finally, feasibility analyses of models with soils were conducted. The analyses indicated that the soils elongate the natural period of building models although no significant differences were observed.

关键词： reinforced concrete 1999 Taiwan Chi-Chi earthquake nonlinear finite element analysis seismic retrofit brick wall

Treatment and prevention of epilepsy in onchocerciasis-endemic areas is urgently needed

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第1期13卷 85-89页

作者： Robert Colebunders Joseph Nelson Siewe Fodjo Olivia Kamoen Luis-Jorge Amaral Amber Hadermann Chiara Trevisan Mark J.Taylor Julia Gauglitz Achim Hoerauf Yasuaki sato Katja Polman Maria-Gloria Basanez Dan Bhwana Thomson Lakwo Gasim Abd-Elfarag Sebastien D.Pion Global Health Institute University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium Department of Neurology Heilig Hart ZiekenhuisLierBelgium Department of Public Health Institute of Tropical MedicineAntwerpBelgium Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine LiverpoolUK Department of Computer Science University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium Institute of Medical Microbiology Immunology and ParasitologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany German Center for Infection Research(DZIF) Partner Site Bonn-CologneBonnGermany School of Global Humanities and Social Sciences Nagasaki UniversityNagasakiJapan MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and London Centre for Neglected TropicalDisease Research Department of Infectious Disease EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUK National Institute for Medical Research TangaTanzania Vector Control Division Ministry of HealthKampalaUganda School of Public Health University of JubaJubaSouth Sudan Access for Humanity JubaSouth Sudan French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development MontpellierFrance

Background There is increasing epidemiological evidence supporting the association between onchocerciasis and seizures, reinforcing the concept of onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy (OAE). The aim of this paper is to provide an update on the new knowledge about OAE and to propose recommendations to the World Health Organization how to address this public health *** text During the 2nd International Workshop on OAE held on 19-21 September, 2023, in Antwerp, Belgium, participants recognised OAE as a substantial yet neglected public health problem, particularly in areas of sub-Saharan Africa where onchocerciasis remains hyperendemic. Evidence from prospective population-based studies suggest that strengthening onchocerciasis elimination efforts leads to a significant reduction of OAE incidence. There is a need to validate an OAE case definition to estimate the burden of disease and identify onchocerciasis-endemic areas requiring intensification of onchocerciasis elimination programmes and integration of epilepsy care. It is expected that raising awareness about OAE will boost the population uptake of ivermectin. The implementation of a community-based epilepsy treatment programme offering free anti-seizure medications (ASMs) has shown high effectiveness in reducing the frequency of seizures and improving the overall quality of life of people with *** To reduce OAE burden, enhanced collaboration between onchocerciasis and mental health programmes at community, national, and international levels is required. Urgent efforts are needed to ensure the uninterrupted provision of free ASMs in onchocerciasis-endemic areas. Furthermore, OAE should be included in the quantification of the onchocerciasis disease burden.

关键词： Onchocerciasis Morbidity Burden of disease Prevention Ivermectin Epilepsy Nodding syndrome Treatment Children Policy