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Efficacy of praziquantel treatment regimens in pre-school and school aged children infected with schistosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa:a systematic review

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 723-729页

作者： Muhubiri Kabuyaya moses john chimbar. Samson Mukaratirwa Discipline of Public Health Medicine Howard CollegeUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalP.O Box 4041DurbanSouth Africa College of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu-NatalDurbanSouth Africa School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu-NatalDurbanSouth Africa

Background:Schistosomiasis is a serious public health burden in sub-Saharan *** is the only drug recommended by the World Health Organization to treat both urogenital and intestinal *** reliance on a single drug to treat a disease with such a huge burden has raised concerns of possible drug resistance mainly in endemic *** systematic review was conducted to identify gaps and recent progress on the efficacy of different regimens of praziquantel in treating schistosomiasis among children in sub-Saharan Africa where Schistosoma mansoni and *** are *** text:A literature search of peer-reviewed journals was done on Google Scholar,MEDLINE(under EBSCOhost)and PubMed databases using pre-defined search terms and Boolean *** search included studies published from 2008 to 2017(August)with emphasis on the efficacy of praziquantel on *** and *** infections among preschool and school *** publications satisfied the inclusion criteria for the *** studies reviewed were from 10 sub-Saharan African countries and 7/19 of the studies(37%)were conducted in *** studies(37%)focused on Schistosoma mansoni,6/19(31.5%)on *** and another 6 on mixed infection.A single standard dose of 40 mg/kg body weight was the most used regimen(9)followed by the repeated single standard dose assessed for efficacy at 3-4 weeks ***:A repeated standard dose of 40 mg/kg achieved satisfactory efficacy compared to a single dose against both parasite ***,findings on efficacy of repeated doses in co-infection of *** and *** were not *** administrated at 60 mg/kg was slightly more efficacious than the 40 mg/kg standard *** and transitory side-effects were reported for both *** review indicates that further investigations are necessary to conclusively determine efficacy of praziquantel on coinfection of ***

关键词： Praziquantel Efficacy Resistance Schistosoma mansoni Schistosoma haematobium Sub-Saharan Africa

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Efficacy of praziquantel on Schistosoma haematobium and re-infection rates among school-going children in the Ndumo area of uMkhanyakude district,KwaZulu-Natal,South Africa

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 728-736页

作者： Muhubiri Kabuyaya moses john chimbar. Tawanda Manyangadze Samson Mukaratirwa Discipline of Public Health Medicine Howard CollegeUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalDurbanP.O Box 4041South Africa College of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu-NatalDurbanSouth Africa School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu-NatalDurbanSouth Africa

Background:Despite its low cure rates and possible resistance,praziquantel(PZQ)is the only drug available for schistosomiasis ***,monitoring its efficacy is *** study assessed the efficacy of PZQ,determined re-infection and incidence rates of Schistosoma haematobium infection among school-going children in the Ndumo area,***:A cohort of 320 school-going children(10-15 years)in 10 primary schools was screened for *** infection using the filtration *** children were treated at different times and hence were divided into two sub-cohorts;A1 and ***-infected children constituted the sub-cohort *** who continued excreting viable eggs 4 weeks post-treatment received a second dose of ***-infection rates were determined in sub-cohort A1 and A2 at 28 and 20 weeks post-treatment,*** rates(CR)and egg reduction rates(ERR)were *** rate was assessed 28 weeks post baseline survey using children that were negative for schistosome eggs at that *** of data was done using the Chi square and the Wilcoxon rank test.A 95%confidence interval with a P-value<0.05 determined ***:At baseline,120(37.5%)of the 320 study participants were found infected with Schistosoma *** infections accounted for 36.7%.The calculated cure rates were 88.07%and 82.92%for females and males,*** Reduction Rates of 80%and 64%for females and males were observed 4 weeks after the initial *** the second treatment,CR was 100%in females and 50%in males with an ERR of 100%in females and 70%in *** 20 and 28 weeks post treatment,reinfection rates of 8.03%and 8.00%were observed,respectively,giving an overall rate of 8.1%.An incidence rate of 4.1%was observed 28 weeks after the baseline ***:The study indicated high CR while the ERR was low suggesting a reduced PZQ *** efficacy improved among females after the second dose.R

关键词： Schistosoma haematobium Praziquantel efficacy Reinfection Incidence Schoolchildren Ndumo KwaZulu-Natal South Africa

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Eye on the Sky: A UAP Research and Field Study off New York’s Long Island Coast

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第8期14卷 2267-2295页

作者： john Joseph Tedesco Gerald Thomas Tedesco Harvard Universitys Galileo Project Independent Research Affiliate Cambridge USA Consortium for The Scientific Understanding of Natures Mysteries Holbrook USA Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers Washington USA American Academy of Environmental Engineers and Scientist Annapolis USA Independent Researcher Holbrook USA

A ten-month field research study was meticulously conducted at Robert moses State Park (RMSP) on the south shore of Long Island, NY. The objective was to determine if aerial phenomena of an unknown nature exist over a coastal location and to characterize their properties and behaviors. Primary and secondary field observation methods were utilized in this data-centric study. Forensic engineering principles and methodologies guided the study. The challenges set forward were object detection, observation, and characterization, where multispectral electro-optical devices and radar were employed due to limited visual acuity and intermittent presentation of the phenomena. The primary means of detection utilized a 3 cm X-band radar operating in two scan geometries, the X- and Y-axis. Multispectral electro-optical devices were utilized as a secondary means of detection and identification. Data was emphasized using HF and LF detectors and spectrum analyzers incorporating EM, ultrasonic, magnetic, and RF field transducers to record spectral data in these domains. Data collection concentrated on characterizing VIS, NIR, SWIR, LWIR, UVA, UVB, UVC, and the higher energy spectral range of ionizing radiation (alpha, beta, gamma, and X-ray) recorded by Geiger-Müller counters as well as special purpose semiconductor diode sensors.

关键词： Unidentified Anomalous Phenomenon (UAP) Forensic Techno-Signatures Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) Multispectral Electro-Optical (MEO) Ultraviolet A Radiation (UVA) Ultraviolet B Radiation (UVB) Ultraviolet C Radiation (UVC) Visible (VIS) Near-Infrared (NIR) Short-Wave Infrared (SWIR) Long-Wave Infrared (LWIR) Low-Frequency (LF) High-Frequency (HF) Radio-Frequency (RF) Alpha Beta Gamma Ultrasonic X-Band Active Radar Kinematics Aerodynamics Luminous Spheroids Robert moses State Park (RMSP)

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Assessment of traffic performance measures and safety based on driver age and experience:A microsimulation based analysis for an unsignalized T-intersection

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2019年第5期6卷 455-469页

作者： Mehmet Baran Ulak Eren Erman Ozguven Ren moses Thobias Sando Walter Boot Yassir AbdelRazig john Olusegun Sobanjo Department of Civil and Engineering Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11794 USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering FAMU-FSU College of Engineering Tallahassee FL 32310 USA School of Engineering College of Computing Engineering and Construction University of North Florida Jacksonville FL 32224 USA Department of Psychology Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306 USA

Traffic safety and performance measures such as crash risk and queue lengths or travel times are influenced by several important factors including those related to environment,human,and roadway design,especially at *** research has studied different aspects related to these factors,yet these characteristics are not fully investigated with a focus on age and experience of *** this paper,we investigate this issue by using a two-phase approach via a case study application on a critical T-intersection in the City of Tallahassee,*** first phase includes a scenario-based microsimulation analysis through the use of a microscopic simulation software,namely VISSIM,to illustrate the variations in traffic performance measures with respect to driver compositions of different age groups in the traffic stream.A variety of scenarios is created where the driving characteristics are provided as inputs to these scenarios in terms of decision making and risk *** is also supported by a sensitivity analysis conducted based on the driver composition in the *** second phase includes the analysis of microsimulation outputs via a tool developed by Federal Highway Administration tool,namely the Surrogate Safety Assessment Model(SSAM),in order to determine the traffic conflicts that occur in each *** conflicts are also compared with real-life crash data for validation *** show that(a) the differences in risk perception that affect driving behavior might be significant in influencing traffic safety and performance measures,and(b) the proposed approach is considerably successful in simulating the actual crash conflict points.

关键词： Traffic safety Driver age and experience Traffic performance Microsimulation VISSIM T-intersections

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Accident and hazard prediction models for highway–rail grade crossings:a state-of-the-practice review for the USA

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Railway Engineering Science 2020年第3期28卷 251-274页

作者： Olumide F.Abioye Maxim A.Dulebenets Junayed Pasha Masoud Kavoosi Ren moses john Sobanjo Eren E.Ozguven Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Florida A&M University-Florida State University2525 Pottsdamer StreetTallahasseeFL 32310-6046USA

Highway–rail grade crossings(HRGCs)are one of the most dangerous segments of the transportation *** year numerous accidents are recorded at HRGCs between highway users and trains,between highway users and traffic control devices,and solely between highway *** accidents cause fatalities,severe injuries,property damage,and release of hazardous *** and state Departments of Transportation(DOTs)have addressed safety concerns at HRGCs in the USA by investigating the factors that may cause accidents at HRGCs and developed certain accident and hazard prediction models to forecast the occurrence of accidents and crossing *** accident and hazard prediction models are used to identify the most hazardous HRGCs that require safety *** study provides an extensive review of the state-of-the-practice to identify the existing accident and hazard prediction formulae that have been used over the years by different state ***,this study analyzes the common factors that have been considered in the existing accident and hazard prediction *** reported performance and implementation challenges of the identified accident and hazard prediction formulae are discussed in this study as *** on the review results,the US DOT Accident Prediction Formula was found to be the most commonly used formula due to its accuracy in predicting the number of accidents at ***,certain states still prefer customized models due to some practical *** availability and data accuracy were identified as some of the key model implementation challenges in many states across the country.

关键词： Highway–rail grade crossings Accident prediction methods Hazard prediction methods Resource allocation Critical review

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Desired Characteristics of Non-Oriented Electrical Steels for Use in Next Generation, Energy Efficient, Electrical Power Equipment

Desired Characteristics of Non-Oriented Electrical Steels fo...

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第十届中国钢铁年会暨第六届宝钢学术年会

作者： moses Anthony john Wolfson Centre for Magnetics School of Engineering Cardiff University

Non-oriented electrical steel is by far the most widely used soft magnetic material. It has evolved over the past 100 years and is likely to remain prominent for decades to come despite the challenge for greater market share from emerging materials. However complex ways in which the steels are magnetised in modern electrical equipment are rapidly becoming more common in many applications so it is useful to review the parameters which control their magnetic properties and consider the growing need for optimising the magnetic properties under more challenging magnetisation conditions such as high flux density, rotational magnetisation or non-sinusoidal flux density. The presentation reviews the reasons for the dominating influence of composition（silicon content）, grain size, internal stress, impurities, sheet thickness and texture. Although the generality of the well know method of analysing losses in terms of hysteresis, classical eddy current and excess losses is often questioned today, it is still a useful approach for attempting to understand the factors influencing the losses in non-oriented steels. However, the effectiveness of the approach under these more challenging magnetising conditions is discussed. It is likely that users will demand far more versatility from non-oriented materials in the future in terms of effective operation under wide ranges of magnetisation conditions which make the relevance of established Standard ways of grading materials at a fixed frequency and flux density questionable when selecting best material for a given purpose. The inference of this situation on material development is briefly discussed. Finally the possible impact of future developments in controlled textures or resistivity gradients through the sheet thickness on the performance of energy efficient non-oriented materials operating on under more complex magnetising conditions is considered.

关键词： magnetic materials electrical steel non-oriented silicon steel

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Estimation of Ground Deformation in Landslide Prone Areas Using GPS: A Case Study of Bududa, Uganda

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International Journal of Geosciences 2021年第3期12卷 213-232页

作者： Brian Makabayi moses Musinguzi john Richard Otukei Department of Geomatics and Land Management Makerere University Kampala Uganda

Landslides are a frequent phenomenon on mountain Elgon, particularly in Bududa district on the SW side of this extinct shield volcano. Landslides have led to the destruction of property and loss of life we, therefore, need to monitor them. Monitoring how landslides build-up makes it possible to timely evacuate people and build barriers to protect property against damage by landslides. Residents in Bududa have reported cracks developing in the ground and houses. These cracks continue to grow, suggesting a future catastrophic event. Such an event may resemble the 2010 landslide in Bududa, which killed approximately 450 people and destroyed much property. In order to mitigate the consequences of a new landslide as much as possible, we monitored ground motion in Bududa in eleven stations from June 2018 to June 2019. Six-hour session GPS observations were made, and deformation was determined over the observation period, June to September 2018, September to November 2018, November 2018 to February 2019 and February to June 2019. A congruency test was performed to determine how significant the deformation was. It appeared that the ground deformation differed largely at various monitored stations, ranging from 0.004 to 0.076 m, 0.001 to 0.067 m and 0 to 0.078 m in the East, North and vertical directions respectively. The values indicate that most slopes in the district are unstable, particularly in the wet seasons, which implies that future landslides pose a high risk for society.

关键词： Bududa GPS Ground Deformation Natural Hazards

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Estimation of Ground Vertical Displacement in Landslide Prone Areas Using PS-InSAR. A Case Study of Bududa, Uganda

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International Journal of Geosciences 2021年第4期12卷 347-380页

作者： Brian Makabayi moses Musinguzi john Richard Otukei Department of Geomatics and Land Management Makerere University Kampala Uganda

Estimation of ground displacement in landslide susceptible regions is very critical to understanding how landslides develop. The knowledge of ground displacement rates and magnitudes helps plan for the safety of the people and infrastructure. The early detection of landslides in Bududa is still a challenge due to the limited technology, hard to access, and a need for an affordable technique that can monitor a wide area continuously. In recent studies, the use of Persistent Scatterer Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar (PS-InSAR) has provided vital information on landslide monitoring through the measurement of ground displacement. In this study, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) band C series of Sentinel 1-A and 1-B Satellite images were acquired between 2019 and 2020 along ascending and descending orbit paths. The Line of Sight Sight (LOS) displacement was determined for both satellite tracks, and then the LOS displacement was projected to the vertical direction. The PS-InSAR derived vertical displacement was then compared with GPS vertical displacement magnitudes over three GPS stations in the area. It was observed that vertical displacement velocity reached 20 cm/yr in Mountain Elgon. This displacement rate showed that there are points in the region that are highly unstable. The displacement velocity and magnitude in Bududa reached 6 cm/yr and 13 cm in two years. This rate and magnitude showed that Bududa is highly unstable compared with displacement velocities and magnitudes in landslide susceptible areas globally. The displacement was generally subsidence over the observation period. The vertical displacement estimated by PS-InSAR was comparable with GPS based on the estimated RMSE. The vertical displacement was highest at slopes between 32

关键词： Bududa Landslides PS-InSAR Vertical Displacement

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A Field Study in the Status and Threats of Cultivation in Kimana and Ilchalai Swamps in Amboseli Dispersal Area, Kenya

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Natural Resources 2011年第4期2卷 197-211页

作者： moses Makonjio Okello john M. Kioko 不详

The scarcity of water and dependence of local communities on wetlands for resources and services is a common occurrence in dry rangelands such as Amboseli in Kenya. There are only a few swamps outside Amboseli National Park available to the Maasai, livestock and wildlife. Such swamps may disappear in the near future because of conversion to cultivation. This study established the current size and threats to Kimana and Ilchalai near Amboseli National Park. Swamps were regularly used by over 15 large mammal species among them elephants, buffalo, wildebeest, zebra, gazelles and hippopoatums. However, only 15.7% of Kimana Swamp and 36.1% of Ilchalai Swamp remained unconverted to cultivation, with the rest of the remaining swamp area converted to agriculture. Cultivation was mainly done by non–Maasai land leasers, and for mainly commercial purposes. Swamps were converted because of adequate and free water, cheap lease fee, and their fertile soils. Although concerned with swamp conversion, most cultivators were ready to expand cultivation in other swamps. These findings demonstrate how unsustainable resource use and swamp conversion can seriously threaten critical resources for local livelihoods and wildlife conservation.

关键词： Amboseli Ecosystem Irrigated Agriculture Kenya Maasai Livelihoods Resource Conservation Swamps

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Human-Carnivore Conflicts in Private Conservancy Lands of Elerai and Oltiyiani in Amboseli Area, Kenya

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Natural Resources 2014年第8期5卷 375-391页

作者： moses Makonjio Okello john Warui Kiringe Fiesta Warinwa African Wildlife Foundation (AWF) Nairobi Kenya The School for Field Studies Centre for Wildlife Management Studies Nairobi Kenya

Human-carnivore conflicts represent the most common negative form of interactions between humans and wildlife. Most carnivores involved in such conflicts are: lion, hyena, leopard and cheetah. Three strategies are normally used in Kenya to mitigate such conflicts;consolation for lost livestock and human life to increase tolerance to them, use of predator proof homesteads especially among pastoralists, use flicking lights at night to discourage approach of carnivores near homesteads, and awareness creation among communities on the ecological role of carnivores. This study examined human-carnivore interactions in privately owned conservancies near Amboseli National Park, Kenya. The conservancies were found to have almost similar human and livestock demography. However, homesteads in Elerai had more fence broken parts and relatively higher levels of livestock predation by lion and hyena. The higher the number of each livestock type was, the higher the specific predation to that livestock type was, implying density dependent effects of predation by carnivores on livestock. It seemed that the fence structure and level of maintenance (including carnivore strategies on specializing on specific livestock size and age consistent with optimizing their foraging strategies) influenced predation incidences. However, the presence of adult males and Maasai warriors (morans) in bomas did not seem to be related with the number of livestock killed by carnivores, implying that they didn’t add vigilance as an additional strategy to prevent livestock depredation. It is recommended that attention be paid on maintenance of homestead and livestock fences as well as vigilance to deter predation. We further recommend strategies to prevent livestock predation such as, installation of chain link predator proof fences or carnivore lighting deterrents at night because woody plants fences are ineffective and deteriorate easily with time, and also lead to depletion of plant resources critical to h

关键词： Amboseli Human-Carnivore Conflicts Livestock Depredation

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