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Suitability mapping for rice cultivation in Benue State,Nigeria using satellite data Fanan Ujoh

Geo-Spatial Information Science 2019年第4期22卷 332-344,I0009页

作者： Fanan Ujoh Tertsea Igbawua moses ogidi paul Centre for Sustainability and Resilient Infrastructure and Communities London South Bank UniversityLondonUK Department of Physics Federal University of AgricultureMakurdiNigeria Department of Geography and Environmental Management University of AbujaAbujaNigeria

With rising population,decline in soil productivity and land-based conflicts,the per-capita land availability for cultivation is rapidly decreasing within Benue State,a largely agrarian and small-holder *** study attempts a local-level support for the actualisation of Sustainable Development Goal Number 2(“end hunger,achieve food security and improved nutrition,and promote sustainable agriculture”)by *** Multi-Criteria Decision Making(MCDM)method,remote sensing data from Climate Research Unit(CRU)and in-situ data from Nigeria Meteorological Agency(NIMET)were analyzed by GIS techniques to map the suitability of rice cultivation in the study area,with the integration of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI),land cover,slope,temperature,precipitation and soil parameters(cation exchange capacity,pH,bulk density,organic carbon).We apply the various statistical parameters that include mean spatial NDVI;correlation coefficient,standard deviation and Root Mean Square(RMS)between CRU and NIMET *** regression trend analysis is conducted between CRU precipitation and NDVI and between CRU temperature and NDVI from 1985 to *** results reveal that NDVI in highly suitable rice planting regions is higher than marginally suitable regions except in the months of October and November,which shows that the highly suitable regions will yield better than the marginally suitable regions during the dry ***,NDVI is seasonally bimodal in response to precipitation,meaning that vegetation vigor is more dependent on precipitation than ***,the correlation coefficient,standard deviation and RMS between CRU and NIMET precipitation data shows 0.42,108,and 110,respectively,while these three factors between CRU and NIMET temperature data shows 0.88,1.60,and 0.86,*** conclusion,the MCDM approach reveals that upland is more suitable for rice cultivation in Benue State when comparing with the area provided by the Global Land

关键词： CRU data NIMET data rice cultivation suitability mapping Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs) Benue State

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Assessing the spillover effects of *** policy normalization on Nigeria sovereign bond yield

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Financial Innovation 2019年第1期5卷 566-581页

作者： Kpughur moses Tule Osana Jackson Odonye Udoma Johnson Afangideh Godday Uwawunkonye Ebuh Elijah Abasifreke paul Udoh Augustine Ujunwa Monetary Policy Department Central Bank of NigeriaNo 33 Tafawa Balewa WayCentral Business DistrictP.M.B.0187GarkiAbujaNigeria International Monetary Fund Washington DCUSA

This study examines the spillover effects of *** policy normalization on Nigeria 10-Year Treasury bond yield between 2011 and 2017,using the vector error correction model *** results reveal that domestic factors,such as exchange rate and inflation,rather than the U.S.10-Year sovereign bond yield,are the key drivers of Nigeria 10-Year bond ***,the spillover effect from the *** policy was amplified by oil price shocks and changes in Nigeria’s monetary policy *** counterfactual analysis confirms the findings.

关键词： Tapering Nigeria 10-year sovereign bond yield Error correction model Counterfactual analysis

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Economic Assessment of Selected Regulatory Ecosystem Services (RES) in the Elgeyo and Nyambene Watersheds Ecosystems in Kenya

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Open Journal of Forestry 2023年第2期13卷 200-224页

作者： Justus E. Eregae paul Njogu Rebecca Karanja moses Gichua Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology (IEET) of JKUAT Nairobi Kenya Plant and Biological Sciences Department Kenyatta University (KU) Nairobi Kenya Botany Department Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT) Nairobi Kenya

Evidence of increased valuation of ecosystem services (ES) globally is significant. However, most of these studies focus on marketed subsets of ES at national and international levels. Ecosystems differ in spatial scale, biophysical and ecological structure, and functionality. This requires conducting studies at the local level to understand how, for example, the watershed ecosystem contributes to humanity locally and nationally. This study focuses on selected regulatory ecosystem services (RES) in Kenya’s catchment area ecosystems (Elgeyo and Nyambene). Field-based sampling and Landsat imagery with secondary information were used to generate biophysical and ecological data. The study used market price-based, cost-based, and unit transfer methods for RES valuation. The study estimates the total value of the six selected regulatory ecosystem services (RES) at KES 41.4 billion (US$386.7 million) and KES 14.73 billion (US$137.71 million) for Elgeyo and Nyambene, respectively. This equates to KES 1.64 million (US$15,331.19) and KES 2.72 million (US$25,375) per hectare per year. Extrapolating the study estimates to the national level, the country’s regulatory ecosystem services would range from US$18.4 billion to US$30.45 billion annually. This equates to between 16.7% and 27.7% of Kenya’s GDP in 2021, underscoring the importance of watersheds to the national economy.

关键词： Ecosystem Services Regulatory Ecosystem Services Market Pricing Cost-Based Technique Per Capita GDP

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Effect of Drought Stress on Yield Performance of Parental Chickpea Genotypes in Semi-arid Tropics

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Journal of Life Sciences 2018年第3期12卷 159-168页

作者： Ruth Muruiki paul Kimurto Vincent Vandez Rao Gangarao Said Silim moses Siambi Department of Crops Horticulture & Soils Egerton University P.O. Box 536-20115 Egerton Kenya International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-arid Tropics (ICRISAT) P. O. Box 39063-00623 Nairobi Kenya International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-arid Tropics (ICRISAT) Patancheru 502324 Telangana India

Chickpea （Cicer arietinum L.） is an important cool season food legumes with indeterminate growth habit. The crop is valued for its nutritive seeds and used as animal feed in many developing countries. The productivity of the crop is constrained by several abiotic stresses, among which drought stress is one of the key determinants of crop performance aaccounting for 40-50% yield reduction globally. The present study was conducted to screen, evaluate and select chickpea genotypes possessing high yield potential under drought stress condition at ASALs （arid and semi-arid lands） of Kenya. The experiment was conducted at Chemeron dry land and Eco-tourism Research station, Egerton University and Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Institute （KALRO）, Pekerra, Marigat, Baringo County. The genotypes were planted in RCBD （randomized complete block design） in three replicates at a spacing of 30 cm × 10 cm, giving a plant density of approximately 25 plants/m2. Combined analysis of variance revealed existence of highly significant differences among the tested genotypes for most of the agronomic traits. Overall, the highest grain yield was obtained from ICCV 92944 （1,173 kg/ha）, ICCV 92318 （1,103 kg/ha） and CAVIR （975 kg/ha）, ICCV 92318 （967 kg/ha）, ICCV 00108 （956 kg/ha） and ICC 4958 （921 kg/ha）： possibly due to its comparatively higher drought （and heat） tolerance, and hence could be used as sources of drought tolerance in further breeding programs. This study was carried out in few drought tolerant sites and further more sites need to be evaluated in addition to other drought and heat screening and optimization of protocols, facilities and analytical approaches to identify better genotypes that respond appropriately to climate change.

关键词： Chickpea genotypes drought stress yield performance and tolerance.

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Patterns of Variation of Herbivore Assemblages at Nairobi National Park, Kenya, 1990-2008

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2011年第6期2卷 855-866页

作者： Alfred O Owino moses Lekishon Kenana paul Webala Samuel Andanje Patrick O Omondi 不详

Wildlife, especially mammals populations dynamics in many conservation areas are influenced by ecosystem processes and increasingly by climate change. Generally, cyclic population dynamics is relatively common among small mammals, especially in high latitudes but is not yet established among many African savanna ungulates. Habitat fragmentation and loss propagated by anthropogenic activities are responsible for the decline in populations of many wildlife species leading to the confinement many wildlife species particularly herbivores within parks and reserves as a conservation measure. We assessed the patterns of variation in abundance of eight herbivore species (African Buffalo, Eland, Burchell’s Zebra, Wildebeest, Giraffe, Grant’s Gazelle, Thomson’s Gazelle and Impala) at Kenya’s Nairobi National Park using population counts data over the period 1990-2008. Overall, the eight herbivores abundances declined within the Park with significant declines in Wildebeest (R2 = 0.54), Grant’s Gazelle (R2 = 0.72) and Impala (R2 = 0.80). Seasonality had effects on herbivore numbers and assemblages at the Park with the numbers of individual species increasing within the Park during dry seasons compared to wet seasons (t-test, t = 4.45, p = 0.03). Land use changes and urban development, especially in the dispersal areas and the accompanying effects of climate change of reduced rainfall and longer periods of drought had significant negative impacts on herbivore assemblages at the Park. We discuss the significance of the population fluctuations of the eight species at the Park, the potential impacts of the changes on Park ecosystem processes and the expected long-term population dynamics of the species if the conditions remain as witnessed over the past two decades.

关键词： Nairobi National Park Herbivores Habitat Fragmentation Climate Change

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Antimicrobial Resistance among Enterobacteriaceae Found in Chicken and Cow Droppings and Their Public Health Importance

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Advances in Microbiology 2021年第11期11卷 694-711页

作者： Chukwuebuka Chisom Anene Angus Nnamdi Oli Peter Anyigor Edeh moses Ugochukwu Okezie James-paul Kretchy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Agulu Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Department of Applied Microbiology and Brewing Faculty of Biosciences Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Department of Physician Assistantship Studies School of Medicine and Health Sciences Central University Accra Ghana

Introduction: The recent surge in the number of antimicrobial resistant cases from hospitals and communities has created a need to study the points and sources of exposure to certain bacteria and determine their susceptibility to commonly used antibiotics. This study aimed at identifying and screening for drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolated from chicken droppings and cow dungs in Onitsha, Anambra state, in the South-Eastern part of Nigeria. Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study which included 50 chickens and 50 cow dung samples collected from five poultry houses and cow ranches respectively using sterile swab sticks. The samples were transported to the laboratory and processed following standard microbiological protocols. Isolates in the samples were recovered using MacConkey Agar, Eosin Methylene Blue Agar and Salmonella-Shigella Agar following standard microbiological procedures and then identified/characterized biochemically using commercial API 20E identification kits following the standard manufacturer’s protocol. Isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing on Muller Hinton Agar using Kirby Bauer double-disc diffusion technique. The multiple antibiotics resistance index was determined as well. Isolates with reduced susceptibility to Ceftazidime were screened for extended spectrum beta-lactamase, AmpC- and metallo-beta-lactamase-production using Rosco Diagnostic kit. Results: Sixty-two (100%) Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from a total of 100 samples collected from both sites, out of which 43 (69.4%) are Enterobacteriaceae. A total of 30/43 (69.8%) Enterobacteriaceae including K. pneumoniae, S. enteritica, S. odorifera, E. coli, K. intermediate, P. stuartii, E. aerogenes, P. penneri, P. mirabilis and C. braakii were recovered from chicken droppings, whereas 13/43 (30.2%) Enterobacteriaceae including K. pneumoniae, S. enteritica, S. odorifera, E. coli, K. intermediate, P. stuartii, E.

关键词： Antibiogram Antibiotic Resistance Enterobacteriaceae One Health Nigeria

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Normality and Its Variants on Fuzzy Isotone Spaces

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2013年第7期3卷 639-642页

作者： Stephen M. Gathigi moses N. Gichuki paul A. Otieno Hezron S. Were Department of Mathematics Egerton University Egerton Kenya

The study of fuzzy sets is specifically designed to mathematically represent uncertainty and vagueness by assigning values of membership to objects that belong to a particular set. This notion has been broadly extended to other areas of topology where various topological concepts have been shown to hold on fuzzy topology. Some notions naturally extend to closure spaces without requiring a lot of modification of the underlying topological ideas. This work investigates the variants of normality on fuzzy isotone spaces.

关键词： Fuzzy Sets Fuzzy Closure Space Fuzzy Isotone Space Fuzzy Normality

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On Pseudo-Category of Quasi-Isotone Spaces

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2014年第2期4卷 59-61页

作者： Hezron S. Were Stephen M. Gathigi paul A. Otieno moses N. Gichuki Kewamoi C. Sogomo Department of Mathematics Egerton University Egerton Kenya

Recent developments in mathematics have in a sense organized objects of study into categories, where properties of mathematical systems can be unified and simplified through presentation of diagrams with arrows. A category is an algebraic structure made up of a collection of objects linked together by morphisms. Category theory has been advanced as a more concrete foundation of mathematics as opposed to set-theoretic language. In this paper, we define a pseudo-category on the class of isotonic spaces on which the idempotent axiom of the Kuratowski closure operator is assumed.

关键词： Closure Operator Isotonic Space Quasi-Isotone Spaces Pseudo-Category

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Multispectral Imaging in Combination with Multivariate Analysis Discriminates Selenite Induced Cataractous Lenses from Healthy Lenses of Sprague-Dawley Rats

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Open Journal of Biophysics 2017年第3期7卷 145-156页

作者： Peter Osei-Wusu Adueming moses Jojo Eghan Benjamin Anderson Samuel Kyei Jerry Opoku-Ansah Charles L. Y. Amuah Samuel Sonko Sackey paul Kingsley Buah-Bassuah Laser and Fibre Optics Centre (LAFOC) Department of Physics School of Physical Sciences College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana Department of Optometry School of Allied Health Sciences College of Health and Allied Sciences University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana

Cataracts are the leading cause of blindness worldwide. Current methods for discriminating cataractous lenses from healthy lenses of Sprague-Dawley rats during preclinical studies are based on either histopathological or clinical assessments which are weakened by subjectivity. In this work, both cataractous and healthy lens tissues of Sprague-Dawley rats were studied using multispectral imaging technique in combination with multivariate analysis. Multispectral images were captured in transmission, reflection and scattering modes. In all, five spectral bands were found to be markers for discriminating cataractous lenses from healthy lenses;470 nm and 625 nm discriminated in reflection mode whereas 435 nm, 590 nm and 700 nm discriminated in transmission mode. With Fisher’s Linear discriminant analysis, the midpoints for classifying cataractous from healthy lenses were found to be 14.718 × 10−14 and 3.2374 × 10−14 for the two spectra bands in the reflection mode and the three spectral bands in the transmission mode respectively. Images in scattering mode did not show significant discrimination. These spectral bands in reflection and transmission modes may offer potential diagnostic markers for discriminating cataractous lenses from healthy lenses thereby promising multispectral imaging applications for characterizing cataractous and healthy lenses.

关键词： Multispectral Imaging Cataractous Lenses Principal Component Analysis Fisher’s Linear Discriminant Analysis

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Escherichia coli Pathotypes in Children with Acute Diarrhea in an Informal Settlement in Nairobi, Kenya

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Advances in Microbiology 2023年第4期13卷 181-192页

作者： Moureen Jepleting Winnie Mutai Victor moses Musyoki Beatrice Oduor Charchil Ayodo Robert Mugoh Samuel Kariuki Sylvia Omulo Washington State University Global Health-Kenya Nairobi Kenya University of Nairobi Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases Nairobi Kenya Department of Medical Microbiology University of Nairobi Kenya Centre for Microbiology Research Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya paul G. Allen School for Global Health Washington State University Pullman USA

Diarrhea is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children aged Escherichia coli (DEC) accounts for 30% - 40% of childhood diarrhea cases. To identify the pathotypes involved in diarrheal outbreaks in Kenya, we analyzed archived E. coli isolates from children E. coli confirmation and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were done using the VITEK®2 instrument. Pathotype identification was performed via conventional polymerase chain reaction. Of 175 E. coli isolates, 48 (27%) were DEC pathotypes, with enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) predominating (71%, 34/48). Enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) represented 19% and 10% of isolates, respectively. Enteroinvasive and enterotoxigenic pathotypes were not identified. All DEC isolates were susceptible to amikacin, ertapenem, imipenem, meropenem and tigecycline. Conversely, most (>80%) isolates were resistant to ampicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. Half of all EAEC and EPEC strains were resistant to cefazolin while half of EHEC isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin. In total, 18 resistance phenotypes were identified with “ampicillin-cefazolin-ampicillin/ sulbactam-sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim” predominating (33%, 16/48). The majority (81%) of DEC isolates were multidrug-resistant, with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production identified in 8% of these isolates. This study highlights the predominance of Enteroaggregative E. coli and multidrug resistance of DEC pathotypes. Studying the epidemiology of diarrheal disease and antimicrobial resistance surveillance, will aid in identifying dominant etiological agents of diarrhea and newly emerging resistant strains in informal settlements.

关键词： E. coli Pathotypes Children Diarrhoea Informal Settlement Multidrug Resistance

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