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Efficacy of praziquantel treatment regimens in pre-school and school aged children infected with schistosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa:a systematic review

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 723-729页

作者： Muhubiri Kabuyaya moses john chimbari Samson Mukaratirwa Discipline of Public Health Medicine Howard CollegeUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalP.O Box 4041DurbanSouth Africa College of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu-NatalDurbanSouth Africa School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu-NatalDurbanSouth Africa

Background:Schistosomiasis is a serious public health burden in sub-Saharan *** is the only drug recommended by the World Health Organization to treat both urogenital and intestinal *** reliance on a single drug to treat a disease with such a huge burden has raised concerns of possible drug resistance mainly in endemic *** systematic review was conducted to identify gaps and recent progress on the efficacy of different regimens of praziquantel in treating schistosomiasis among children in sub-Saharan Africa where Schistosoma mansoni and *** are *** text:A literature search of peer-reviewed journals was done on Google Scholar,MEDLINE(under EBSCOhost)and PubMed databases using pre-defined search terms and Boolean *** search included studies published from 2008 to 2017(August)with emphasis on the efficacy of praziquantel on *** and *** infections among preschool and school *** publications satisfied the inclusion criteria for the *** studies reviewed were from 10 sub-Saharan African countries and 7/19 of the studies(37%)were conducted in *** studies(37%)focused on Schistosoma mansoni,6/19(31.5%)on *** and another 6 on mixed infection.A single standard dose of 40 mg/kg body weight was the most used regimen(9)followed by the repeated single standard dose assessed for efficacy at 3-4 weeks ***:A repeated standard dose of 40 mg/kg achieved satisfactory efficacy compared to a single dose against both parasite ***,findings on efficacy of repeated doses in co-infection of *** and *** were not *** administrated at 60 mg/kg was slightly more efficacious than the 40 mg/kg standard *** and transitory side-effects were reported for both *** review indicates that further investigations are necessary to conclusively determine efficacy of praziquantel on coinfection of ***

关键词： Praziquantel Efficacy Resistance Schistosoma mansoni Schistosoma haematobium Sub-Saharan Africa

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Efficacy of praziquantel on Schistosoma haematobium and re-infection rates among school-going children in the Ndumo area of uMkhanyakude district,KwaZulu-Natal,South Africa

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 728-736页

作者： Muhubiri Kabuyaya moses john chimbari Tawanda Manyangadze Samson Mukaratirwa Discipline of Public Health Medicine Howard CollegeUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalDurbanP.O Box 4041South Africa College of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu-NatalDurbanSouth Africa School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu-NatalDurbanSouth Africa

Background:Despite its low cure rates and possible resistance,praziquantel(PZQ)is the only drug available for schistosomiasis ***,monitoring its efficacy is *** study assessed the efficacy of PZQ,determined re-infection and incidence rates of Schistosoma haematobium infection among school-going children in the Ndumo area,***:A cohort of 320 school-going children(10-15 years)in 10 primary schools was screened for *** infection using the filtration *** children were treated at different times and hence were divided into two sub-cohorts;A1 and ***-infected children constituted the sub-cohort *** who continued excreting viable eggs 4 weeks post-treatment received a second dose of ***-infection rates were determined in sub-cohort A1 and A2 at 28 and 20 weeks post-treatment,*** rates(CR)and egg reduction rates(ERR)were *** rate was assessed 28 weeks post baseline survey using children that were negative for schistosome eggs at that *** of data was done using the Chi square and the Wilcoxon rank test.A 95%confidence interval with a P-value<0.05 determined ***:At baseline,120(37.5%)of the 320 study participants were found infected with Schistosoma *** infections accounted for 36.7%.The calculated cure rates were 88.07%and 82.92%for females and males,*** Reduction Rates of 80%and 64%for females and males were observed 4 weeks after the initial *** the second treatment,CR was 100%in females and 50%in males with an ERR of 100%in females and 70%in *** 20 and 28 weeks post treatment,reinfection rates of 8.03%and 8.00%were observed,respectively,giving an overall rate of 8.1%.An incidence rate of 4.1%was observed 28 weeks after the baseline ***:The study indicated high CR while the ERR was low suggesting a reduced PZQ *** efficacy improved among females after the second dose.R

关键词： Schistosoma haematobium Praziquantel efficacy Reinfection Incidence Schoolchildren Ndumo KwaZulu-Natal South Africa

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Prevalence and risk factors of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiases among preschool aged children (1-5 years) in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: a cross-sectional study

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2019年第3期8卷 102-103页

作者： Hlengiwe Sacolo-Gwebu moses chimbari Chester Kalinda School of Nursing and Public Health College of Health SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalHoward CampusDurbanSouth Africa

Background:Despite efforts to control neglected tropical diseases(NTDs),schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiases remain widely prevalent in sub-Saharan *** data suggest that these infections are prevalent among preschool aged children(PSAC)in poor *** of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths(STH)infection patterns and prevalence among PSAC is essential for effective treatment and control *** aim of the study was to determine the prevalence,intensity and risk factors of schistosomiasis and STH infection among PSAC in the Ingwavuma area of uMkhanyakude District,South ***:A cross-seaional study was conducted among 1143 PSAC aged 1-5 years in 34 preschools and early childhood development(ECD)*** on risk factors was collected using a semi-struaured questionnaire.A Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the differences in infection intensity with *** Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were performed to assess the association between PSAC infection status,sociodemographic,household,water and sanitation variables and hygiene practices of PSAC and their ***:We observed a low prevalence o f Schistosom a haem atobium(1.0%)and 5.m ansoni(0.9%).The prevalence of Ascaris lum bricoides(18.3%)was high compared to Trichuris trichiuro(1.2%),hookworms(1.6%)and Taenio(6.4%).The odds of schistosome infection were lowest among PSAC under younger(15-24 years)caregivers(0.1,95%CI:0.02-0.54)and those who used tap water(0.3,95%Cl:0.09-0.78)for domestic *** infection was however higher among PSAC who bathed in river water(17.4,95%CI:5.96-51.04).STH infection on the other hand was lowest among PSAC who did not play in soil(0.1,95%CI:0.51-0.28),were from households that used tap water for domestic purposes(0.5,95%CI:0.27-0.80)and PSAC under the care of younger(25-35 years)caregivers(0.3,95%Cl:0.10-0.75).The risk of STH infeaion was highest among PSAC who did no

关键词： Prevalence Risk factor Schistosomiasis Soil-transmitted helminth Preschool aged children KwaZulu-Natal South Africa

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Schistosomiasis in Zambia:a systematic review of past and present experiences

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 394-403页

作者： Chester Kalinda moses J.chimbari Samson Mukaratirwa School of Nursing and Public Health College of Health SciencesHoward College CampusUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalDurbanSouth Africa College of Health Sciences Howard College CampusUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalDurbanSouth Africa School of Life Sciences College of AgricultureEngineering and ScienceWestville CampusUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalDurbanSouth Africa

Background:The speedy rate of change in the environmental and socio-economics factors may increase the incidence,prevalence and risk of schistosomiasis infections in ***,available information does not provide a comprehensive understanding of the biogeography and distribution of the disease,ecology and population dynamics of intermediate host *** current study used an information-theoretical approach to understand the biogeography and prevalence schistosomiasis and identified knowledge gaps that would be useful to improve policy towards surveillance and eradication of intermediate hosts snails in ***:To summarise the existing knowledge and build on past and present experiences of schistosomiasis epidemiology for effective disease control in Zambia,a systematic search of literature for the period 2000-2017 was done on PubMed,Google Scholar and *** the key words:‘Schistosomiasis’,‘Biomphalaria’,‘Bulinus’,‘Schistosoma mansoni’,‘Schistosoma haematobium’,and‘Zambia’,in combination with Booleans terms‘AND’and‘OR’,published reports/papers were obtained and reviewed independently for ***:Thirteen papers published in English that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected for the final *** papers suggest that the risk of infection has increased over the years and this has been attributed to environmental,socio-economic and demographic ***,schistosomiasis is endemic in many parts of the country with infection due to Schistosoma haematobium being more prevalent than that due to *** review also found that *** was linked to genital lesions,thus increasing risks of contracting other diseases such as HIV and cervical ***:For both *** and ***,environmental,socio-economic,and demographic factors were influential in the transmission and prevalence of the disease and highlight the need for detailed knowledge on ecological modelling and mapping the distri

关键词： Biomphalaria Bulinus Epidemiology Ecology Literature review Schistosomiasis Schistosoma haematobium Schistosoma mansoni Zambia

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Insecticide resistance in malaria-transmitting mosquitoes in Zimbabwe: a review

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2015年第1期4卷 359-370页

作者： White Soko moses J.chimbari Samson Mukaratirwa School of Nursing and Public Health University of KwaZulu-NatalHoward CampusDurban 4001South Africa College of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu-NatalDurbanSouth Africa School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu-NatalKwaZulu-NatalSouth Africa Ministry of Health and Child Care National Institute of Health ResearchP.O.Box CY 573CausewayZimbabwe

Malaria is a global public health problem,with about 3.2 billion people at risk of *** populations at risk mainly reside in Africa,Asia and America,with African populations accounting for the largest burden of the *** 2013,close to 198 million malaria cases were reported,leading to 584,000 ***(90%)of the mortality rates were recorded from the World Health Organization(WHO)database in the African region and 78%of these occurred in children under the age of *** Zimbabwe,approximately half of the population is at risk of infection with *** residual spraying(IRS)has been documented as an effective way to control malaria and has been adopted globally by the WHO and national ***,both insecticide resistance and climate change threaten to reverse the progress made by IRS in malaria *** has been reported in all four classes of insecticides approved by the WHO for vector control *** of environmental temperature is suspected to complicate the situation through alteration in the genetic structure,and enzyme and protein profiles of *** Zimbabwe,little research has been done on the interaction between climate change,temperature variability and insecticide resistance in malarial mosquitoes over *** information is important for informing policies on insecticide selection for *** reviewed literature on insecticide sensitivity among malarial mosquitoes in Zimbabwe from 1972 to *** peer-reviewed articles on insecticide sensitivity in Zimbabwe,published in English in this time period,were searched using MEDLINE®(PubMed),Google Scholar,Google and grey *** publications were eligible for the present study,with one of the articles being a review *** articles covered insecticide resistance,while the other two articles,published in 2000,were about the absence of *** resistance results were reported in *** insecticide s

关键词： Malaria Mosquitoes Vector control Insecticide resistance Insecticide sensitivity Zimbabwe

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Malaria endemicity and co-infection with tissue-dwelling parasites in Sub-Saharan Africa: a review

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2015年第1期4卷 290-299页

作者： Nyamongo W.Onkoba moses J.chimbari Samson Mukaratirwa College of Health Sciences School of Nursing and Public HealthUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalHoward CampusDurbanSouth Africa Departmet of Tropical Infectious Diseases Institute of Primate ResearchKarenNairobiKenya School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu-NatalWestville CampusDurbanSouth Africa

Mechanisms and outcomes of host-parasite interactions during malaria co-infections with gastrointestinal helminths are reasonably *** contrast,very little is known about such mechanisms in cases of malaria co-infections with tissue-dwelling *** is lack of knowledge is exacerbated by misdiagnosis,lack of pathognomonic clinical signs and the chronic nature of tissue-dwelling helminthic infections.A good understanding of the implications of tissuedwelling parasitic co-infections with malaria will contribute towards the improvement of the control and management of such co-infections in endemic *** review summarises and discusses current information available and gaps in research on malaria co-infection with gastro-intestinal helminths and tissue-dwelling parasites with emphasis on helminthic infections,in terms of the effects of migrating larval stages and intra and extracellular localisations of protozoan parasites and helminths in organs,tissues,and vascular and lymphatic circulations.

关键词： Malaria Tissue-dwelling helminths Zoonosis Co-infection Immunomodulation

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Effect of temperature on the Bulinus globosus-Schistosoma haematobium system

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 495-501页

作者： Chester Kalinda moses J.chimbari Samson Mukaratirwa School of Nursing and Public Health College of Health SciencesHoward College CampusUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalDurbanSouth Africa School of Life Sciences College of AgricultureEngineering and ScienceWestville CampusUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalDurbanSouth Africa

Background:Given that increase in temperature may alter host-parasite relationships,the anticipated rise in temperature due to global warming might change transmission patterns of certain ***,the extent to which this will happen is not well ***:Using a host-parasite system involving Bulinus globosus and Schistosoma haematobium,we assessed the effect of temperature on snail fecundity,growth,survival and parasite development under laboratory ***:Our results show that temperature may have a non-linear effect on snail fecundity and snail *** maintained at 15.5℃ and 36.0℃ did not produce egg masses while those maintained at 25.8℃ laid 344 and 105 more egg masses than snails at 31.0℃ and 21.2℃,*** of patency led to a reduction in egg mass production among the ***,the reduction in fecundity for snails maintained at 21.2℃ occurred before snails started shedding *** development was accelerated at high temperatures with snails maintained at 31.0℃ reaching patency after three ***,snail growth rate was highest at 25.8℃ while it was inhibited at 15.5℃ and reduced at 31.0℃.Increase in temperature increased snail mortality *** maintained at 36.0℃ had the shortest survival time while those maintained at 15.5℃ had the longest survival ***:We concluded that temperature influences fecunxdity,growth,survival and parasite development in the snail and thus dictates the time it takes the parasite to complete the life *** has implications on transmission of schistosomiasis in the context of global warming.

关键词： Bulinus globosus Cercariae Development rate Fecundity Schistosomiasis Schistosoma haematobium Temperature

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Eye on the Sky: A UAP Research and Field Study off New York’s Long Island Coast

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第8期14卷 2267-2295页

作者： john Joseph Tedesco Gerald Thomas Tedesco Harvard Universitys Galileo Project Independent Research Affiliate Cambridge USA Consortium for The Scientific Understanding of Natures Mysteries Holbrook USA Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers Washington USA American Academy of Environmental Engineers and Scientist Annapolis USA Independent Researcher Holbrook USA

A ten-month field research study was meticulously conducted at Robert moses State Park (RMSP) on the south shore of Long Island, NY. The objective was to determine if aerial phenomena of an unknown nature exist over a coastal location and to characterize their properties and behaviors. Primary and secondary field observation methods were utilized in this data-centric study. Forensic engineering principles and methodologies guided the study. The challenges set forward were object detection, observation, and characterization, where multispectral electro-optical devices and radar were employed due to limited visual acuity and intermittent presentation of the phenomena. The primary means of detection utilized a 3 cm X-band radar operating in two scan geometries, the X- and Y-axis. Multispectral electro-optical devices were utilized as a secondary means of detection and identification. Data was emphasized using HF and LF detectors and spectrum analyzers incorporating EM, ultrasonic, magnetic, and RF field transducers to record spectral data in these domains. Data collection concentrated on characterizing VIS, NIR, SWIR, LWIR, UVA, UVB, UVC, and the higher energy spectral range of ionizing radiation (alpha, beta, gamma, and X-ray) recorded by Geiger-Müller counters as well as special purpose semiconductor diode sensors.

关键词： Unidentified Anomalous Phenomenon (UAP) Forensic Techno-Signatures Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) Multispectral Electro-Optical (MEO) Ultraviolet A Radiation (UVA) Ultraviolet B Radiation (UVB) Ultraviolet C Radiation (UVC) Visible (VIS) Near-Infrared (NIR) Short-Wave Infrared (SWIR) Long-Wave Infrared (LWIR) Low-Frequency (LF) High-Frequency (HF) Radio-Frequency (RF) Alpha Beta Gamma Ultrasonic X-Band Active Radar Kinematics Aerodynamics Luminous Spheroids Robert moses State Park (RMSP)

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Assessment of traffic performance measures and safety based on driver age and experience:A microsimulation based analysis for an unsignalized T-intersection

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2019年第5期6卷 455-469页

作者： Mehmet Baran Ulak Eren Erman Ozguven Ren moses Thobias Sando Walter Boot Yassir AbdelRazig john Olusegun Sobanjo Department of Civil and Engineering Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11794 USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering FAMU-FSU College of Engineering Tallahassee FL 32310 USA School of Engineering College of Computing Engineering and Construction University of North Florida Jacksonville FL 32224 USA Department of Psychology Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306 USA

Traffic safety and performance measures such as crash risk and queue lengths or travel times are influenced by several important factors including those related to environment,human,and roadway design,especially at *** research has studied different aspects related to these factors,yet these characteristics are not fully investigated with a focus on age and experience of *** this paper,we investigate this issue by using a two-phase approach via a case study application on a critical T-intersection in the City of Tallahassee,*** first phase includes a scenario-based microsimulation analysis through the use of a microscopic simulation software,namely VISSIM,to illustrate the variations in traffic performance measures with respect to driver compositions of different age groups in the traffic stream.A variety of scenarios is created where the driving characteristics are provided as inputs to these scenarios in terms of decision making and risk *** is also supported by a sensitivity analysis conducted based on the driver composition in the *** second phase includes the analysis of microsimulation outputs via a tool developed by Federal Highway Administration tool,namely the Surrogate Safety Assessment Model(SSAM),in order to determine the traffic conflicts that occur in each *** conflicts are also compared with real-life crash data for validation *** show that(a) the differences in risk perception that affect driving behavior might be significant in influencing traffic safety and performance measures,and(b) the proposed approach is considerably successful in simulating the actual crash conflict points.

关键词： Traffic safety Driver age and experience Traffic performance Microsimulation VISSIM T-intersections

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Accident and hazard prediction models for highway–rail grade crossings:a state-of-the-practice review for the USA

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Railway Engineering Science 2020年第3期28卷 251-274页

作者： Olumide F.Abioye Maxim A.Dulebenets Junayed Pasha Masoud Kavoosi Ren moses john Sobanjo Eren E.Ozguven Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Florida A&M University-Florida State University2525 Pottsdamer StreetTallahasseeFL 32310-6046USA

Highway–rail grade crossings(HRGCs)are one of the most dangerous segments of the transportation *** year numerous accidents are recorded at HRGCs between highway users and trains,between highway users and traffic control devices,and solely between highway *** accidents cause fatalities,severe injuries,property damage,and release of hazardous *** and state Departments of Transportation(DOTs)have addressed safety concerns at HRGCs in the USA by investigating the factors that may cause accidents at HRGCs and developed certain accident and hazard prediction models to forecast the occurrence of accidents and crossing *** accident and hazard prediction models are used to identify the most hazardous HRGCs that require safety *** study provides an extensive review of the state-of-the-practice to identify the existing accident and hazard prediction formulae that have been used over the years by different state ***,this study analyzes the common factors that have been considered in the existing accident and hazard prediction *** reported performance and implementation challenges of the identified accident and hazard prediction formulae are discussed in this study as *** on the review results,the US DOT Accident Prediction Formula was found to be the most commonly used formula due to its accuracy in predicting the number of accidents at ***,certain states still prefer customized models due to some practical *** availability and data accuracy were identified as some of the key model implementation challenges in many states across the country.

关键词： Highway–rail grade crossings Accident prediction methods Hazard prediction methods Resource allocation Critical review

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