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A Review of the Mathematical Models for the Impact of Seasonal Weather Variation and Infections on Prey Predator Interactions in Serengeti Ecosystem

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Open Journal of Ecology 2022年第11期12卷 718-732页

作者： Raymond Charles Oluwole Daniel Makinde monica kung’aro Department of Mathematics University of Dodoma Dodoma Tanzania Faculty of Military Science Stellenbosch University Cape Town South Africa

Interaction between prey and predator species is a complex and non-linear process. Understanding various phenomena in the dynamics of prey-predator systems is vital to both mathematical ecology and conservation biology. Mathematical models on prey-predator systems have been the hot sport providing important information regarding the interactions of prey and predator species in various ecosystems. In this paper, a review of the available mathematical models on prey-predator systems was done. Our aim was to assess their structure, behaviour, available control strategies, population involved and their ability in predicting the future behaviour of the ecosystems. We observed diversities in the reviewed mathematical models, some model incorporated factors such as drought, harvesting and prey refuge as the factors that affect ecosystems, some ignored the contribution of environmental variations while others considered the variable carrying capacity. Most of the models reviewed have not considered the contribution of diseases and seasonal weather variation in the dynamics of prey predator systems. Some of the reviewed models do not match the real situation in most modelled ecosystems. Thus, to avoid unreliable results, this review reveals the need to incorporate seasonal weather variations and diseases in the dynamics of prey predator systems of Serengeti ecosystem.

关键词： Prey Predator Weather Variation Disease Serengeti Ecosystem

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PGR5-PGRL1-Dependent Cyclic Electron Transport Modulates Linear Electron Transport Rate in Arabidopsis thaliana

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Molecular Plant 2016年第2期9卷 271-288页

作者： Marjaana Suorsa Fabio Rossi Luca Tadini Mathias Labs monica Colombo Peter Jahns Martin M. Kater Dario Leister Giovanni Finazzi Eva-Mari aro Roberto Barbato Paolo Pesaresi Molecular Plant Biology Department of Biochemistry University of Turku 20014 Turku Finland Dipartimento di Bioscienze Unlversit~ degli studi di Milano 20133 Milano Italy Plant Molecular Biology (Botany) Department Biology I Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit~t MSnchen 82152 Planegg-Martinsded Germany Centro Ricerca e Innovazione Fondazione Edmund Mach 38010 San Michele all'Adige Italy Plant Biochemistry Heinrich-Heine-University Dusseldorf Universitstsstrasse 140225 Dusseldorf Germany Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Vegetale Unite Mixte de Recherche 5168 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 38054 Grenoble France Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e della Vita Universita del Piemonte Orientale viale Teresa Michel 11 15121 Alessandria Italy These authors contributed equally to this article

Plants need tight regulation of photosynthetic electron transport for survival and growth under environ- mental and metabolic conditions. For this purpose, the linear electron transport （LET） pathway is supple- mented by a number of alternative electron transfer pathways and valves. In Arabidopsis, cyclic electron transport （CET） around photosystem I （PSI）, which recycles electrons from ferrodoxin to plastoquinone, is the most investigated alternative route. However, the interdependence of LET and CET and the relative importance of CET remain unclear, largely due to the difficulties in precise assessment of the contribution of CET in the presence of LET, which dominates electron flow under physiological conditions. We there- fore generated Arabidopsis mutants with a minimal water-splitting activity, and thus a low rate of LET, by combining knockout mutations in Psb01, PsbP2, PsbQ1, PsbQ2, and PsbR loci. The resulting 45 mutant is viable, although mature leaves contain only ~20% of wild-type naturally less abundant Psb02 protein. 45 plants compensate for the reduction in LET by increasing the rate of CET, and inducing a strong non-photochemical quenching （NPQ） response during dark-to-light transitions. To identify the molecular origin of such a high-capacity CET, we constructed three sextuple mutants lacking the qE component of NPQ （45 npq4-1）, NDH-mediated CET （45 crr4-3）, or PGR5-PGRLl-mediated CET （45 pgrS）. Their analysis revealed that PGR5-PGRLl-mediated CET plays a major role in ~pH formation and induction of NPQ in C3 plants. Moreover, while pgr5 dies at the seedling stage under fluctuating light conditions, 45 pgr5 plants are able to survive, which underlines the importance of PGR5 in modulating the intersystem electron transfer.

关键词： Arabidopsis Photosynthesis Linear Electron Transport Cyclic Electron Transport Oxygen EvolvingComplex PGR5

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Sensor Networking: Concepts, Applications, and Challenges

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自动化学报 2006年第6期32卷 839-845页

作者： YAO kung Electrical Engineering Department University of California Los Angeles 90095 - 1594 USA

Sensor network has experienced world-wide explosive interests in recent years. It combines the technology of modern microelectronic sensors, embedded computational processing systems, and modern computer and wireless networking methodologies. In this overview paper, we first provide some rationales for the growth of sensor networking. Then we discuss various basic concepts and hardware issues. Four basic application cases in the US. National Science Foundation funded Ceneter for Embedded Networked Sensing program at UCLA are presented. Finally, six challenging issues in sensor networks are discussed. Numerous references including relevant papers, books, and conferences that have appeared in recent years are given.

关键词： Sensor networks wireless communication embedded processing information processing environmental monitoring health care system robotics automated manufacturing

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