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Domestication and crop evolution of wheat andbarley: Genes, genomics, and future directions

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2019年第3期61卷 204-225页

作者： Matthew Haas mona schreiber Martin Mascher Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben Palaeogenetics Group Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig

Wheat and barley are two of the founder crops of the agricultural revolution that took place 10,000 years ago in the Fertile Crescent and both crops remain among the world's most important crops. Domestication of these crops from their wild ancestors required the evolution of traits useful to humans, rather than survival in their natural environment. Of these traits, grain retention and threshability, yield improvement, changes to photoperiod sensitivity and nutritional value are most pronounced between wild and domesticated forms. Knowledge about the geographical origins of these crops and the genes responsible for domestication traits largely pre-dates the era of nextgeneration sequencing, although sequencing will lead to new insights. Molecular markers were initially used to calculate distance(relatedness), genetic diversity and to generate genetic maps which were useful in cloning major domestication genes. Both crops are characterized by large,complex genomes which were long thought to be beyond the scope of whole-genome sequencing. However, advances in sequencing technologies have improved the state of genomic resources for both wheat and barley. The availability of reference genomes for wheat and some of its progenitors,as well as for barley, sets the stage for answering unresolved questions in domestication genomics of wheat and barley.

关键词： Domestication Wheat barley

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