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Using System Dynamics for Simulating Subsurface Drainage Systems in Clay Soils

Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2019年第5期11卷 529-539页

作者： Alaa El-Sadek mona radwan Arabian Gulf University Manama Kingdom of Bahrain National Water Research Center Nile Research Institute Cairo Egypt

The system dynamics technique is used as a decision tool for engineering problems. It is one of the object oriented approaches that study and manage complex feedback systems. In this paper, the system dynamics technique was used to simulate the performance of a drainage system under wheat crop in a clay soil. The model was calibrated and validated using observed experimental field data (drainage discharge and water table level) collected from Mashtul Pilot Area (MPA), Egypt. The results indicated that, the model is capable to predict hydrological parameters such as water table fluctuation, drainage discharge, upward flux, evapotranspiration, deep percolation, infiltration, runoff, soil moister content and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity on the basis of variation of soil moister content. The trends of the parameters found to be legible. Six statistical indexes were calculated to determine the agreement between the observed and simulated values of water table and drainage discharge. Results indicated that the system dynamics technique can be considered as a good decision tool to predict the subsurface drainage water precisely.

关键词： Subsurface Drainage System Dynamics MPA Statistical Analysis

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Modeling of Water Flow and Nitrate Transport to Subsurface Drains

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2018年第1期7卷 45-59页

作者： Alaa El-Sadek mona radwan Arabian Gulf University Manama Kingdom of Bahrain Regional Water Energy and Food Center Zewail City Egypt Nile Research Institute National Water Research Center ElQanater ElKhairia Egypt

In this study,?the water flow and nitrate transport to a subsurface drain, using a simplified and detailed model, are simulated for the specific hydro-geological conditions of Elverdinge and Assenede, Belgium. Previously, the DRAIN?MOD-N model proved to be able to simulate nitrate concentrations and drainage well for an?in-situleaching experiment, the?“Hooibeekhoeve”?in the community of Geel (north-eastern part of Belgium), conducted in 1992-1995. In this study, the calibrated model is used to simulate the nitrate leaching for the winter period 2000-2001 in Elverdinge and Assenede and is compared to a model with a simplified nitrate transport description. The comparative analysis between both model approaches reveals that the simplified model is able to predict sufficiently accurate the observed nitrate leaching. The detailed approach however has the advantage of giving?a more accurate estimate of the nitrogen mineralization, N deposition and denitrification, resulting in a more precise modeling of the nitrate leaching to surface waters and groundwater.

关键词： Non-Point Source Subsurface Drainage Nitrogen Cycle Nitrate Leaching Water Quality

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A Comparative Analysis for a Novel Irrigation Method: Partial Rootzone Drying

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2018年第1期7卷 34-44页

作者： Alaa Abdallah El-Sadek mona Ezo radwan Ahmed Ali Salih Arabian Gulf University Manama Kingdom of Bahrain Nile Research Institute National Water Research Center El Qanater El Khairia Egypt

Partial Rootzone Drying (PRD) is an irrigation technique which offers a means of modifying the growth and development of crops through relatively simple changes to the method of water delivery. The technique causes the stimulation of physiological responses which are normally associated with water stress and this results in a significant reduction in water use through the production of chemical signals in drying roots. Partial drying of one half of the roots of plants grown with two root systems is rapidly translated into a reduction in transpiration and assimilation of all the crop leaves. The aim of this research is to examine and simulate the novel irrigation method (PRD), which would stimulate the endogenous stress response mechanisms of Conocarpus erectus trees in the pilot area of the Arabian Gulf University in Bahrain and wheat and maize crops in the Mashtul Pilot Area (MPA), Egypt using Saltmed model so that vigor is reduced and the efficiency of water use is enhanced. This is to be achieved by the manipulation of the hydration status of parts of a crop’s roots that could be used to control vegetative vigor without detrimental effects on canopy water relations. The PRD technique is researched for wheat as a winter crop and maize as a summer crop in Egypt. The technique causes the stimulation of physiological responses which are normally associated with water stress and this results in a significant reduction in water use through the production of chemical signals in drying roots. The results confirmed an increase in irrigation water use efficiency using PRD comparing with conventional flood irrigation. The research highly recommends applying the PRD method in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries and in new reclaimed areas in Egypt to save water and improve crop quality.

关键词： Partial Rootzone Drying Conocarpus Erectus Trees MPA GCC

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Biological and molecular studies on specific immune cells treated with checkpoint inhibitors for the thera-personal approach of breast cancer patients(ex-vivo study)

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Oncology Research 2021年第5期29卷 319-330页

作者： MOTAWA E.EL-HOUSEINI MOSTAFA S.ARAFAT AHMED M.EL-HUSSEINY ISLAM M.KASEM MAHMOUD M.KAMEL AHMED H.EL-HABASHY MEDHAT M.KHAFAGY ENAS M.radwan MAHA H.HELAL mona S.ABDELLATEIF Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Cancer Biology DepartmentNational Cancer InstituteCairo UniversityCairo11976Egypt Biotechnology Department Faculty of ScienceCairo UniversityGiza12613Egypt Zoology department Faculty of ScienceCairo UniversityGiza12613Egypt Clinical Pathology Department National Cancer InstituteCairo UniversityCairo11976Egypt Department of Pathology National Cancer InstituteCairo UniversityCairo11976Egypt Surgical Oncology Department National Cancer InstituteCairo UniversityCairo11976Egypt Radio-Diagnosis Department National Cancer InstituteCairo UniversityCairo11976Egypt

Immunotherapy becomes a promising line of treatment for breast cancer(BC)however,its success rate is still ***:The study was designed to optimize the condition for producing an effective dendritic cell(DCs)based immunotherapy by using DCs and T lymphocytes together with tumor-inﬁltrating lymphocytes(TILs)and tumor-inﬁltrating DCs(TIDCs),treated with anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA4 monoclonal *** mixture of immune cells was co-cultured with autologous breast cancer cells(BCCs)isolated from 26 BC ***:There was a signiﬁcant upregulation of CD86 and CD83 on DCs(p=0.001 and 0.017,respectively),similarly upregulation of CD8,CD4 and CD103 on T cells(p=0.031,0.027,and 0.011,respectively).While there was a signiﬁcant downregulation of FOXP3 and combined ***8 expression on regulatory T cells(p=0.014 for both).Increased CD8/Foxp3 ratio(p<0.001)was also ***133,CD34 and CD44 were downregulated on BCCs(p=0.01,0.021,and 0.015,respectively).There was a signiﬁcant increase in interferon-γ(IFN-γ,p<0.001),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH,p=0.02),and a signiﬁcant decrease in vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF,p<0.001)protein *** expression of FOXP3 and Programmed cell death ligand 1(PDL-1)were downregulated in BCCs(p<0.001,for both),similarly cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4(CTLA4,p=0.02),Programmed cell death 1(PD-1,p<0.001)and FOXP3(p<0.001)were signiﬁcantly downregulated in T ***:Ex-vivo activation of immune cells(DCs,T cells,TIDCs,and TILs)with immune checkpoint inhibitors could produce a potent and effective BC ***,these data should be validated on an experimental animal model to be transferred to the clinical setting.

关键词： Immunotherapy breast cancer PD1 CTLA4 TIDCs TILs

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