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Evaluation of restoration success in arid rangelands of Iran based on the variation of ecosystem services

Journal of Arid Land 2023年第11期15卷 1290-1314页

作者： mohsen sharafatmandrad Azam KHOSRAVI MASHIZI Department of Ecological Engineering Faculty of Natural ResourcesUniversity of JiroftJiroft ***Iran

The plantation of non-native species is one of the most expensive ecological restoration measures in arid and semi-arid areas,while its impacts on local communities are largely *** study assessed the rate of change and the dynamic degree of the economic values of ecosystem services related to local conservation(water yield,stocking rate and aesthetic value)and preserving the future(carbon sequestration,soil protection,soil stability and habitat provision)to determine the restoration success of the plantation of non-native species Haloxylon ammodendron(***.)Bunge ex Fenzl(15-and 30-year-old)in parts of arid rangelands of Bardsir region,Kerman Province,*** investigated the impacts of the two plantations on the seven ecosystem services and ecosystem structures(horizontal and vertical structures,vegetation composition and species diversity)based on field sampling and measurements at four sampling sites(i.e.,control,degraded,and 15-and 30-year-old plantation sites)in spring and summer of *** restoration success of the plantation of non-native species was then examined by assessing the rate of change and the dynamic degree of the total economic value of all ecosystem services as well as the rate of change and the dynamic degree of the economic values of ecosystem services for the two groups(local conservation and preserving the future).Although the plantation of non-native species *** enormously improved the vertical and horizontal structures of ecosystems,it failed to increase species diversity and richness ***,despite the plantation of non-native species *** had significantly increased the economic values of all ecosystem services,it was only quite successful in restoring carbon *** analysis showed that plantation age had a significant impact on restoration success directly and indirectly(through changing ecosystem structures and services).The dynamic degree of the economic values of ecosystem services r

关键词： Haloxylon ammodendron restoration success ecosystem services ecosystem structures arid ecosystems path analysis Iran

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Plant community dynamics in arid lands: the role of desert ants

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Journal of Arid Land 2021年第3期13卷 303-316页

作者： mohsen sharafatmandrad Azam KHOSRAVI MASHIZI Department of Ecological Engineering Faculty of Natural ResourcesUniversity of JiroftJiroft ***Iran

Ants (Formicidae, Hymenoptera) play an important role in seed bank, seedling establishment andplant composition of arid ecosystems. Thus, knowing plant-ant interaction provides useful information formanagers to design restoration and conservation plans. In this study, the roles of desert harvester ants (Messorintermedius and Messor melancholicus) and scavenger ants (Cataglyphis nodus and Lepisiota semenovi) on plantcommunities were investigated in arid ecosystems of southeastern Iran. Two vegetation types weredistinguished in the study area and the nest density of ant species was determined. Furthermore, plantcomposition and soil seed bank were estimated at different distances from the ant nests. Results showed thatthe density of M. intermedius and M. melancholicus nests was higher in dwarf shrub-shrub vegetation type and thedensity of C. nodus and L. semenovi nests was higher in dwarf shrub vegetation type. The harvester and scavengerants had enhanced the seed bank to 55% and 70%, respectively. Therefore, the role of scavenger ants on theplant communities' seed bank was greater than that of harvester ants. Although the scavenger ants were moreinfluential on the annuals and the invasive plant species, the radius impact of the harvester ants on theperennials was greater, i.e., a positive interaction existed between the perennial plants and the harvester ants. *** and L. semenovi played an important role in enhancing the ecosystem's potential for restoration throughestablishment of pioneer species in early stage of succession. The activity of M. intermedius is crucial for thedevelopment and maintenance of climax plant communities in arid ecosystems through assisting the plantspecies' establishment in late stage of succession. It is essential to preserve the diversity of these key ant speciesfor the maintenance and sustainability of shrubs in arid ecosystems.

关键词： ants ecological succession ecosystem rangelands shrubs vegetation

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The effect of water spreading system on the functionality of rangeland ecosystems

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Journal of Arid Land 2012年第3期4卷 292-299页

作者： Mohammad Rahim FOROUZEH mohsen sharafatmandrad PhD Student of Rangeland Science Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Gorgan 49138-15739 Iran

In recent decades, the control of floods is an efficient management practice for the rehabilitation of rangelands in most arid and semiarid areas. To evaluate the benefits, we used the Landscape Function Analysis （LFA） method to assess the function of patches and qualitative capability of a rangeland ecosystem in Gareh By- gone region, Fars province, southwestern Iran. Landscape functionality depends on soil, water and nutrient （col- lectively called ＂resources＂） conservation and use within a given ecosystem. Many landscapes are naturally het- erogeneous in terms of resource control and possess patches, where resources tend to accumulate, and in- ter-patches. Assessing rangeland health and function of landscape patches in response to environment and man- agement can give rise to correct management decisions for qualitative improvement of the ecosystem. Therefore, our study area was divided into two parts, i.e. water spreading and control parts, and sampling was done using LFA method in each part separately. Structural parameters, including the number, length and width of patches, and the mean length of inter-patches, were determined by the method to characterize the functional status of the monitoring sites. For each patch/inter-patch type identified in the transect organization log, we recorded its soil surface proper- ties classified according to the Soil Surface Assessment Method. The density, canopy cover and composition of plants were then assessed. The results showed that the number of ecological patches and their dimensions were significantly increased in the water spreading site. Soil stability and the values of nutrient cycling indices were in- creased but the infiltration values were decreased in the water spreading site. It could be related to the effect of suspended materials transported by floods to the soils in the study area. The improvement of ecological patches and rangeland ecosystem was achieved where water spreading systems were practiced. Theref

关键词： ecological patch landscape function analysis water spreading arid lands

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