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Modellings of Infectious Diseases and Cancers under Wars and Pollution Impacts in Iraq with Reference to a Novel Mathematical Model and Literature Review

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Open Journal of Pathology 2023年第3期13卷 126-139页

作者： mohemid maddallah al-jebouri Department of Medical Laboratory Technology Al-Qalam University College Kirkuk Iraq

Microbial pathogens include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites and together account for a significant percentage of acute and chronic human diseases. In addition to understanding the mechanisms by which various pathogens cause human disease, research in microbial pathogenesis also addresses mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance and the development of new antimicrobial agents and vaccines. Answering fundamental questions regarding host-microbe interactions requires an interdisciplinary approach, including microbiology, genomics, informatics, molecular and cellular biology, biochemistry, immunology, epidemiology, environment and interaction between host and microbe. Studies investigating the direct effects of pollutants on respiratory tract infections are very vast, but those interested in the role of a pre-existing disease and effects of the exposure on the response to secondary stresses are few. In an experimental study at concentrations of air pollutants found in urban environments, frank toxicological responses are rarely observed, however, exposure to secondary stress like the respiratory challenge with infectious bacteria can exacerbate the response of the experimental host. The models like experimental, mechanical, and mathematical are the most abstract, but they allow analysis and logical proofs in a way that other approaches do not permit. The present review is mostly concerned with these model representations particularly with a novel mathematical model explaining the interaction between pathogen and immunity including the equivalence point.

关键词： Infectious Diseases New Mathematical Model Immunity Environment Antibiotic Resistance War Pollution Iraq

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A Study on Infertility of Males Infected with Mycoplasma hominiswith Reference to Sperm Morphology

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Open Journal of Pathology 2021年第1期11卷 7-21页

作者： mohemid maddallah al-jebouri Ayad Abdullah Mohamed Department of Microbiology College of Medicine University of Tikrit Tikrit Iraq Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques Al-Hadba’a University College Mosul Iraq

Objectives: The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Mycoplasma hominis infection on the morphology of sperms and its association with the infertility of men. The patients were referred to th... 详细信息

align:justify;"> Objectives: The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Mycoplasma hominis infection on the morphology of sperms and its association with the infertility of men. The patients were referred to the Urology Departments of Mosul General Hospital and Soran Hospital in Mosul and Erbil respectively. Methods: The present study was carried out from April 2019 to March 2020 and the number of the patients group was 108. The patients aged 20 to 60 years. Semen was collected from infertile men of a couple that female failed to become pregnant after one year of regular and unprotected intercourse of marriage and submitted for seminal fluid analysis as well as for bacteriological investigations Results: M. hominis was detected in 14 semen specimens (12.9%) from the infertile men. The teratozoospermia, normozoospermia, asthenoteratozoospermia, oligoasthenoteratozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, oligozoospermia, oligoasthenozoospermia and leukospermia were seen among patients examined. Statistically, there were no significant differences between these forms of infected infertile men and non-infected infertile men (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The results of present study demonstrated that the genital Mycoplasma hominis seems to be widespread among male partners of infertile couples in Iraq. The present data did not show any significant differences between forms of the sperm concentration and sperm morphology related to the infection by M. hominis.

关键词： Male Infertility Sperms Mycoplasma hominis Infection Iraq

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Neutrophilia-Inducing Deferoxamine in Mice Infected with Staphylococcus aureus

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Open Journal of Pathology 2013年第2期3卷 99-106页

作者： mohemid M. al-jebouri Nihad A. Jafar Department of Microbiology College of Medicine University of Tikrit Tikrit Iraq

The ability to sequester iron is a primary defense mechanism against bacterial infection. Iron chelation therapy has been considered as a possible treatment for various infectious diseases. S. aureus isolated from neonatal septicemia were used to study the effect of deferoxamine and sub-minimal inhibitory concentration of gentamicine on some virulence factors of this isolates. also an experimental sepsis was inducted in mice and treated with gentamicin and deferoxamine. The expression of virulence factor (alpha-hemolysin, beta-hemolysin, delta-hemolysin, coagulase, and DNase) by Staphylococcus?aureus isolates was significantly decreased (p ality rate of mice infected with S. aureus. In a murine model of S. aureus sepsis, deferoxamine treatment had an additional effect on survival and bacterial eradication from the organs of septicemic mice. In vitro exposure of S. aureus isolated to gentamicin and deferoxamine led to a decrease in the production of some virulence factors by these isolates.

关键词： Neutrophilia Deferoxamine Gentamicin S. aureus Pathology

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Tracing of Sertoli-Cell-Only Syndrome and Other Histopathological Abnormalities in Iraqi Males with Primary Infertility of Azoospermia

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Open Journal of Pathology 2019年第1期9卷 10-17页

作者： mohemid M. al-jebouri Salih A. Mdish Deapartment of Microbiology College of Medicine University of Tikrit Tikrit Iraq Department of Clinical Laboratory Tikrit Teaching Hospital Tikrit Iraq

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the histopathological examination of the testicular biopsies in infertile males with azoospermia. The patients were referred to the Urology Department in Salah alden Hospital. Methods: The present study was carried out from May 2017 until June 2018 and the number of the patients group was 60. The patients aged between 20 to 50 years. 20 of them were selected and subjected to histopathological examinations by taking biopsies from their testes. Results: The sertoli-cell-only syndrome (SCOS) was the most common positive histopathological finding comprising 35% of the cases. This was followed by testicular atrophy with 30%, while maturation arrest was 20%. The percentage of hypospermatogenesis was 10% and normal spermatogenesis was 5%. Conclusion: Among the 20 specimens examined, the sertoli-cell-only syndrome (SCOS) was the most common positive histopathological finding. The semen analysis and testicular biopsy provide valuable information about the etiology and the fertility potential of an individual.

关键词： Iraqi Male Infertility Azoospermia Sertoli Cells Testicular Biopsy

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Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Bacteria Isolated from Patients of Urinary Tract Infections in Iraq

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Open Journal of Urology 2013年第2期3卷 124-131页

作者： mohemid M. al-jebouri Salih A. Mdish Deapartment of Microbiology College of Medicine University of Tikrit Tikrit Iraq Department of Clinical Laboratory Tikrit Teaching Hospital Tikrit Iraq

Objectives: The main objective of this study was to investigate the bacterial infections of urinary tract in patients with urolithiasis. The patients were referred to and/or visiting the Urology Department in Tikrit Teaching Hospital in Tikrit city. Methods: The present study was carried out from November 2011 until July 2012. One hundred and sixty patients with urolithiasis were included in the present study whose ages ranged from 12 to 70 years. Male to female ratio was almost 2:1. The control group consisted of two groups;group one consisted of 40 persons (20 males and 20 females) who were selected randomly from Tikrit city during the period of this study and they had no previous personal nor family history of urolithiasis, while group two consist of 40 persons (20 males and 20 females) infected with urinary tract infection. Urine culture was done for all the patients and the control group. Results: Forty five percent (45/160) of these had UTI’s. Six patients revealed mixed bacterial growth. Eighty-four percent (38/45) of patients with UTI were infected with gram negative organisms where as only 16% (7/45) of patients were infected with gram positive organisms. The majority of the gram negative bacteria isolated belonged to the family Enterobacteriaceae particularly E. coli as it was isolated from 14 (31%) cases. The urease producing bacteria were isolated from 31 cases (50%). Conclusions: UTI’s in urolithiasis was more frequent in females than males and the percentages were 28/45 and 17/45 respectively. The most effective antimicrobial agent was amikacin and the least effective one was ampicillin, whereas ciprofloxacin, cefoxitin, levofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, nalidixic acid, chloramphenicol, amoxycillin and gentamicin were effective at different levels.

关键词： Antibiotic Resistance UTI Pathogens Iraq

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Tracing of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Semen of Iraqi Males with Primary Infertility

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Open Journal of Urology 2019年第1期9卷 19-29页

作者： mohemid M. al-jebouri Salih A. Mdish Department of Microbiology College of Medicine University of Tikrit Tikrit Iraq Department of Clinical Laboratory Tikrit Teaching Hospital Tikrit Iraq

Objectives: The main objective of this study was to investigate the bacterial infections of seminal fluid in males with primary infertility. The patients were referred to and/or visiting the Urology Department in Salah al-Deen Teaching Hospital. Methods: The present study was carried out from May 2017 to June 2018 and the number of the patients group was 60. The patients aged between 20 to 50 years. Semen was collected from infertile men of a couple that female failed to become pregnant after one year of regular and unprotected intercourse of marriage and submitted for seminal fluid analysis for the bacteriological analyses. The control group consisted of 50 fertile male who were selected randomly from Tikrit City during the period of this study. Semen culture was done for all the patients and the control group. Results: There were 30 patients who suffered from bacteriospermia and 16 of them (53.3%) were infected with gram positive organisms, while only 14 (46.7%) patients were infected with gram negative organisms. The most common organism was Staphylococcus aureus which was isolated from bacteriospermia. Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, S. saprophyticus, Proteus mirabilis and Niesseria gonorrhoae were also isolated and the frequencies of isolation were 23.3% (7), 13.3% (4), 10.0% (3), 10.0% (3), 6.6% (2), and 6.6% (2) respectively. The present study showed many antibiotics were not active against gram positive bacteria isolated e.g. the resistance frequenciy to rifampcin, vancomycin and clindamycin was 48%, 44% and 40% respectively. Conclusions: The gram positive organisms were more prevalent than gram negative organisms in patients with bacteriospermia and the isolationfrequencies of two groups were 16 (53.3%) and 14 (46.7%) respectively. The most effective antimicrobial agents were amikacin, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin and the least effective one was ceftazidime, whereas moxifloxacin, norfloxacin, gentamicin, azithromycin, moxif

关键词： Antibiotic Resistance Bacteriospermia Bacteria Iraq

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The prevalence of toxoplasmosis among female patients in al-Hawija and al-Baiji Districts in Iraq

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2013年第2期3卷 85-88页

作者： mohemid al-jebouri Mohanad al-Janabi Hassan Ismail Department of Medicine College of Medicine University of Tikrit Tikrit Iraq Department of Microbiology College of Medicine University of Tikrit Tikrit Iraq

Objectives: Toxoplasma gondii is a ruthless intracellular parasite belonging to Coccidae. Toxoplasmosis is a disease affecting 500 million people worldwide. The seroprevalence varies from 5% to 90% depending on geographical location, age, habit of eating, raw meat or unwashed fruit and vegetables, and general level of hygiene. The objective of the current study was to assess the prevalence of this parasitic disease which lately seems to be elevated generally in Iraq and particularly in the middle and northern Iraq. A prospective study was carried out on females which attended public hospitals?complaining of abortion and/ or infertility during 2009. Methods: We collected blood samples from the female patients to detect the presence of specific antibodies of Toxoplasma gondii utilizing direct agglutination test which was compared with ELISA techniques for evaluations of their testing sensitivity. The history of all patients was taken particularly abortion and marriage periods with and/ or without children with the family. Results: Direct latex agglutination test and ELISA methodology gave almost the same results when both were utilized for the detection of the toxoplasmosis in the sera of the women examined. A high frequency of toxoplasmosis incidence was seen among women with one abortion group which happen during their marital life. Conclusions: It was concluded that the high prevalence of toxoplasmosis among the investigated high risk women at al-Hawija and at al-Baiji districts is due to many risk factors including age, number of deliveries, contact with host animals. This disease was elevated after Iraq occupation with a frequency of infection more than 40% compared to eighties of Iraqi life which was the frequency of the infected women with toxoplasmosis which did not exceed 2% of the women tested at that time by our laboratories.

关键词： Toxoplasmosis Females Abortion Infertility Iraq

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A Study on the Interrelationship between Renal Calculi, Hormonal Abnormalities and Urinary Tract Infections in Iraqi Patients

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Open Journal of Urology 2012年第1期2卷 6-10页

作者： mohemid M. al-jebouri Nadia Atalah Department of Microbiology College of Medicine University of Tikrit Tikrit Iraq

Objective: The main objective of the present study is to assess the interrelationship between renal calculi, selected ions, thyroid and parathyroid hormones and urinary tract infections. Methods: This study was carried out on 150 patients attended Tikrit Teaching Hospital from 2008 to 2009. Stones and serum ions were analyzed utilizing relevant Biolab Company kits (France). Thyroid hormones were determined using ELISA microwells kit (Accuubind, USA) Parathyroid hormone was estimated by active I-PTH ELISA (DSL, USA).Urine cultures were done utilizing cystine-lactose- electrolyte deficient (CLED) medium. Various isolated pathogens were conventionally identified. Results: Urine cultures revealed that 42% of the patients had urinary tract infections particularly with Enterobacteriaceae. 68% of the stones tested were calcium oxalate. Infective and noninfective stones were classified. Calcium ion was more elevated in patients examined. Hypothyroidism was prevalent but parathyroid hormone (PTH) was elevated among 14 patients only. Conclusions: The frequency of UTI was higher among urolithiasis patients and the common causative agents were Gram negative bacteria. Renal stones of calcium origin were predominant. Hormonal abnormalities were seen. 15 patients with hyperthyroidism revealed hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria.

关键词： Urinary Tract Infection Renal Stone Hormones Ions Iraq

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Vitamin D3Variation between Children and Adults with Reference to Renal Stones, Environment and Urinary Tract Infections

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Open Journal of Urology 2012年第3期2卷 119-126页

作者： mohemid M. al-jebouri alaa H. Hasen College of Medicine University of Tikrit Tikrit Iraq

Purpose: A better understanding of urinary tract infection (UTI) and the role of host, bacterial and environmental factors have improved the ability to identify the patients at risk and prevent or minimize sequelae. Kidney stones may be a complicated subject and its etiology is related to diet, increase urinary solutes and colloids in hot weather. Hypercalcaemia produced by taking large doses of vitamin D, creates high blood pressure and calcium deposits that can produce renal and bludder stones in all age groups including children. The objective of the present study was to estimate the serum level of vitamin D among patients particularly children taking treatable vitamin D. Correlation between vitamin D renal stones and UTI was also assessed. Methods: The number of patients studied was 150 collected during 2010 and 2011 in University teaching hospital. Forty two of them were children. The patients under study should have renal stone confirmed by ultrasound examination. Urine, blood and stone samples were taken for relevant laboratory investigations including identification of bacteriuria and its causative agents. Serum ions and vitamin D were also estimated. Type of renal stone collected was chemically identified. Results: One hundred and fifty patients with urolithiasis were included in the present study whose ages ranged from 8 months to 69 years and the ratio of males to females was 1.7:1. The frequency of patients revealed UTI was 52% and 78% of the infected patients were suffered from Gram-negative bacteria particularly Escherichia coli. Renal stones of mixed chemical composition were almost 72% and 78.2% of the stones were infection type. The mean of serum calcium was 2.157 mmol/L. The serum means of vitamin D among children and adults were 50.9 and 31.4 nmol/L respectively and the peak of this vitamin was recorded during summer. Conclusion: The frequency of UTI among urolithiasis patients was greater than that of non-urolithiasis. Enterobacteriaceae was the

关键词： Vitamin D3 Children Renal Stone Infection Environment

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An Assessment of Biological Pollution in Certain Sector of Lower al-Zab and River Tigris Waters Using Bacterial Indicators and Related Factors in Iraq

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2012年第1期4卷 32-38页

作者： mohemid M. al-jebouri Muhsin H. Edham 不详

This study was conducted during 2004 utilizing selected sectors of River Tigris and the This study was conducted during 2004 utilizing selected sectors of River Tigris and the Lower al-Zab River among Kirkuk and Salahaldeen Governerates of Iraq. Water samples from eight stations were analyzed for total coliforms, fecal coliforms, total viable counts of bacteria, Oxygen biological demand (BOD), water turbidity, electrical conductivity and temperature. The mean total viable counts (TVC,s) of bacteria isolated was almost 800 cells/ml. The means of total coliforms (TC) and faecal coliforms (FC) were almost 708 and 436 per 100 ml of water samples tested *** oxygen biological demand was more than 8 mg/l. The mean of water tubidity was more than 35 ntu. The assessment of water electrical conductivity revealed almost 354 us/cm. The present study revealed a wide variation in the water quality due to different pollution pressures affected the different sites of River Tigris and al-Zab River waters. These water sources are used for drinking and other human activities. The Lower al-Zab River was less affected by the mentioned factors compared to River Tigris The analysis of variance showed a significant difference between BOD values re- corded at different months and the P value was less than 0.5. The overall mean of BOD was 2.4 mg/l which is suitable for human consumption after drinking water purification process with reference to European characterizations 74/ 464/EEC of waters used as sources for drinking waters.

关键词： Bacterial Indicators Pollution River Tigris River al-Zab Iraq

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