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CFD investigation of the agitation in the desupersaturation during the wet-process phosphoric acid(WPPA)process

Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2020年第8期28卷 2064-2074页

作者： Asmaa Hadane Lhachmi khamar Saad Benjelloun Abderrahman Nounah mohammed khamar LGCE Higher School of Technology in SaléMohammed V University in RabatMorocco MSDA Mohammed 6th Polytechnic UniversityBenguerir 43150Morocco LIPIM National School of Applied sciences in KhouribgaSultan Moulay Sliman University in Beni MellalMorocco

Desupersaturation is a complex cooling operation that involves hydrodynamic,thermal and mechanical *** process requires continuous agitation to avoid fouling problems and sludge *** current work aims to investigate the well mixedness in the desupersaturation tank for optimal *** this purpose,a multi-fluid CFD study was conducted based on the Euler–Euler modeling approach,considering a multiphase flow involving a liquid phase(phosphoric acid)and a poly-dispersed solid phase,i.e.a sludge with three different sizes where each size is considered as a separate ***,the hydrodynamic behavior of the flow within the agitated desupersaturator is analyzed through the investigation of the velocity fields as well as the power and pumping numbers,to determine both the agitator capacity to pump the flow and its power consumption during the ***,in order to assess the mixture homogeneity,we evaluated the solid suspension in the desupersaturation reactor following conventional methods and two new proposed methodologies:the first approach is to evaluate the suspension quality in the mixing system by compartment and the second consists on the assessment of the uniform convergence of the solid ***,we calculated the time required to achieve a full suspension at different solid *** other hand,we conducted a detailed analysis of the solid distribution dependency on the impeller rotational speed at different solid volume fraction,which allows a good understanding of the parameters controlling the homogenization in the desupersaturator.

关键词： CFD Multiphase flow Mass transfer Phosphoric acid Agitation

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The Impact of Pollution on the Bouregreg Estuary （Morocco, Atlantic Ocean）： The Molluscs as an Indicator of Metal Contamination

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2013年第7期2卷 432-435页

作者： Essediya Cherkaoui Abderrahman Nounah Mohamed khamar The Laboratory of Energy Materials and Environment Higher School of Technology University Mohammed V Agdal-Rabat SaidMedina 11060 Morocco

On the Morrocan Atlantic coast, the estuary of the Bouregreg was submitted to many anthropic effects. After the dam Sidi mohammed ben Abdellah was built in 1974, the flow became almost null. The waters of the estuary are meant for recreational activities, fishing, but at the same time they receive water collecting domestic and industrial wastewater. The waste in old landfills was not treated and leaked into the river water. The matter gets worse with the action of tides which make it difficult to escape the pollution load （physicochemical, bacteriological, heavy metals, etc.）. The concentrations of heavy metals （Pb, Fe, Cu and Cr） recorded in the sediments are higher than those found in the two molluscs. However, we have found out that Mytilus has accumulated more heavy metals （Cr, Pb and Zn） than Solen marginatus. The Zn makes an exception： It presents a greater concentration in the molluscs （63.015 mg/kg dry weight for Mytilus and 232.736 mg/kg dry weigh for Solen） than in the sediments （57.639 mg/kg）. The amount of these metals exceeds the standard values. The impact of the marine pollution on human health derives from the consumption by humans of heavy-metal polluted molluscs. The detected concentrations of these pollutants are superior to the permissible maximum amounts.

关键词： Bouregreg estuary heavy metals molluscs indicators.

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