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Checklist of the Birds of the Gaza Strip—Palestine

Open Journal of Ecology 2023年第3期13卷 155-182页

作者： abdel Fattah N. abd rabou Bashar S. Jarayseh Lara M. Sirdah Mandy M. Sirdah Sinaa A. Ababsa Daoud I. Al-Hali Ayman W. Dardona Ashraf A. Shafei Nedal A. Fayyad abdallah S. Awad Wael I. Almeshal Samer S. Abuzerr Inas A. abd rabou Othman A. abd rabou mohammed A. abd rabou Sabah A. Abu Sharekh mohammed R. Al-Agha Maged M. Yassin Abed Al Qader I. Hammad Norman A. Khalaf Walid F. Mohamed Department of Biology Faculty of Science Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Strip Palestine Environmental Education Center Beit Jala West Bank Palestine Wildlife Documenter and Photographer Gaza Strip Palestine Wildlife Documenter and Photographer Kafr Kanna Galilee Palestine Qimmah Secondary School Jerusalem (Al-Quds) Palestine Environment Quality Authority Gaza Strip Palestine Center for Desert Agriculture King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Doctoral School of Environmental Sciences E&#246tv&#246s Loránd University Budapest Hungary Department of Medical Sciences University College of Science & Technology Gaza Strip Palestine Department of Nursing and Health Sciences University College of Applied Sciences Gaza Strip Palestine Department of Journalism and Media Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Strip Palestine Department of GIS University College of Applied Sciences Gaza Strip Palestine Department of School Health Ministry of Education and Higher Education Gaza Strip Palestine Department of Environment and Earth Sciences Faculty of Science Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Palestine Faculty of Medicine Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Strip Palestine Department of Geography Al-Aqsa University Gaza Strip Palestine Department of Environmental Research and Media National Research Center Palestine Department of Biological and Geological Sciences Faculty of Education Ain Shams University Roxy Cairo Egypt

Bird fauna checklists are important tools in ecology, biology, and conservation planning for scientists, stakeholders, and decision-makers. Despite its small area, the Gaza Strip (365 km2) has a relatively large variety of resident and migratory bird fauna. Therefore, the current study aimed to provide an updated checklist of all bird fauna living in or inhabiting the Gaza Strip. Direct field observations using binoculars, continuous visits to zoos, pet stores and biology museums, discussion with bird hunters, follow-up of news and social networking sites, review of scientific publications and photography were the main tools to satisfy the purpose of the study. At least 250 bird species collected from different sources occur in the Gaza Strip and are included in the checklist. This list will not be static, but is inevitably subject to additions and changes in the face of times. The current 250 bird species of the Gaza Strip represent 45.4% of the 551 species of birds living in Palestine. The bird species were found to belong to 21 orders and 61 families. The Passeriformes (passerines) represented the largest order with 96 species of birds (38.4%), followed by the Charadriiformes 54 (21.6%), the Accipitriformes 18 (7.2%), Anseriformes 17 (6.8%) and Pelecaniformes 14 (5.6%), while the other orders represented the remaining percentage (20.4%). With regard to families, the Scolopacidae represented the largest family with 22 species of birds (8.8%), followed by the Anatidae and Accipitridae 17 for each (6.8%), the Muscicapidae 16 (6.4%) and Chariidridae and Fringillidae 11 for each (4.4%), while the other families represented the remaining percentage (62.4%). According to the IUCN regional threat categories, 226 species (90.4%) were Least Concern (LC), 12 (4.8%) were Near Threatened (NT), 6 (2.4%) were Vulnerable (VU), 4 (1.6%) were Endangered (EN) and 2 (0.8%) were Critically Endangered (CR). In conclusion, the study recommends a sustainable control of bird h

关键词： Bird Fauna Checklist Bird Hunting Conservation IUCN Categories Gaza Strip

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Occurrence and Some Ecological Aspects of the Golden Jackal (<i>Canis aureus</i>Linnaeus, 1758) in the Gaza Strip, Palestine

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Open Journal of Ecology 2021年第2期11卷 105-125页

作者： abdel Fattah N. abd rabou Kamal E. Elkahlout Fayez A. Almabhouh Walid F. Mohamed Norman A. Khalaf Mona A. Al-Sadek Randa N. Alfarra Lamis T. Al-Moqayed Ashraf A. Shafei Nedal A. Fayyad Belal S. Adeem Ayman W. Dardona abdallah S. Awad mohammed R. Al-Agha mohammed A. abd rabou Department of Biology and Biotechnology Faculty of Science Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Palestine Department of Biological and Geological Sciences Faculty of Education Ain Shams University Roxy Cairo Egypt Department of Environmental Research and Media National Research Center Palestine Accreditation and Quality Commission Ministry of Education and Higher Education Gaza Palestine Department of Curricula and Teaching Methods Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Palestine Ministry of Education and Higher Education Gaza Palestine Environment Quality Authority Gaza Palestine Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Palestine Department of Environment and Earth Sciences Faculty of Science Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Palestine Department of Information Technology University College of Applied Sciences Gaza Palestine

The Golden Jackal (Canis aureus Linnaeus, 1758), which belongs to the Canidae family, is an opportunist carnivore in the Gaza Strip (365 square kilometers). The current study aims at giving notes on the occurrence and some ecological aspects of the species in the Gaza Strip, Palestine. The study, which lasted 14 years (2007-2020), is descriptive and cumulative in its style. It was based on frequent field visits, direct observations and meetings and discussions with wildlife hunters, farmers and other stakeholders. The findings of the study show that Gazans are familiar with the Golden Jackal to the extent that a Gazan family holds the Arabic name of the animal, which is “Wawi”. The Golden Jackal was sometimes encountered and hunted in the eastern parts of the Gaza Strip, which are characterized by the presence of wilderness areas, intensive agriculture, poultry pens and solid waste landfills. Like other a few mammalian faunas, the adult Golden Jackals enter the Gaza Strip through gaps in or burrows beneath the metal borders separating the Gaza Strip from the rest of the Palestinian Territories and Egypt. Gaza zoos were found to harbor tens of Golden Jackals trapped or hunted by clever wildlife hunters using different means such as wire cages known locally as “maltash” and foothold traps with metal jaws that may cause lesions to the trapped animals. Poisoning and shooting were also common methods used to control the jackals and other carnivores causing harm to agriculture and livestock. The animal was known among the Gazans as an omnivore, feeding on wild and domestic animals in addition to plant materials, garbage and carrions. In conclusion, the study recommends the need to raise ecological awareness to preserve the Golden jackal and to adopt safe control measures for jackals and other carnivores, including the construction of protective fences for agricultural fields and animal pens.

关键词： Carnivores Golden Jackals Trapping Foothold Traps Wildlife Hunters Zoos Gaza Strip

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An Inventory of Some Relatively Large Marine Mammals, Reptiles, and Fishes Sighted, Caught, By-Caught, or Stranded in the Mediterranean Coast of the Gaza Strip-Palestine

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Open Journal of Ecology 2023年第2期13卷 119-153页

作者： abdel Fattah N. abd rabou Kamal E. Elkahlout Kamal J. Elnabris Adel J. Attallah Jehad Y. Salah mohammed A. Aboutair Waleed M. Thabit Sahar K. Serri Hassan G. Abu Hatab Sameeh M. Awadalah Wajdi M. Saqallah Mokhles S. Alhawajri Tariq K. Al-Sammak Bashar S. Jarayseh Sinaa A. Ababsa Daoud I. Al-Hali Aysha A. Rafeea Doaa S. Ghattas Huda E. Abu Amra Israa M. Jaber Nedal A. Fayyad Ashraf A. Shafei Inas A. abd rabou Othman A. abd rabou mohammed A. abd rabou Mazen T. Abualtayef mohammed R. Al-Agha Yousif K. Ibrahim Rimel M. Benmessaoud Mourad M. Cherif Hashem A. Madkour Department of Biology and Biotechnology Faculty of Science Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Strip Palestine Department of Marine Sciences Faculty of Science Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Strip Palestine Directorate General of Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture Gaza Strip Palestine Environmental Education Center Beit Jala Palestine Wildlife Documenter and Photographer Kafr Kanna Palestine Qimmah Secondary School Jerusalem Palestine Kamal Al-Ohood Primary School for Girls North Gaza Education Directorate Gaza Strip Palestine Department of Biology Faculty of Science Al-Aqsa University Gaza Strip Palestine Department of Nursing and Health Sciences University College of Applied Sciences Gaza Strip Palestine Department of Journalism and Media Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Strip Palestine Department of GIS University College of Applied Sciences Gaza Strip Palestine Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Palestine Department of Environment and Earth Sciences Faculty of Science Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Palestine Water and Environment Quality Authority Gaza Strip Palestine National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia Tunis Tunisia National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technologies (INSTM) La Goulette Port Tunis Tunisia National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries Hurghada Egypt

The Mediterranean Sea is home to an interesting biodiversity. The current cumulative and descriptive study aims to enumerate some relatively large marine mammals, reptiles, and fishes that have been spotted, caught, by-caught, or stranded on the coast of the Gaza Strip, Palestine, which extends about 42 km along the Mediterranean Sea. This 20-year study from 2003 to 2022 relied much on frequent field visits, meetings, and discussions with stakeholders, following local media sites and social media pages, and photography. The study recorded at least 26 giants or relatively large marine organisms on the Mediterranean coast of the Gaza Strip, Palestine. Certainly, the coming years may bring other marine organisms of relatively large sizes. Marine mammals included three species of cetaceans with the Fin Whale (Balaenoptera physalus) being the largest mammal and even the largest animal ever recorded in this study. Marine reptiles included three species of sea turtles, the largest of which is the Leatherback Sea Turtle (Dermochelys coriacea), which is in fact the world’s largest sea turtle. The bony fishes were represented by ten species, the largest of which was the Ocean Sunfish (Mola mola), which is the largest bony fish in the world. The cartilaginous fishes included ten species with the largest specimens encountered were the Shortfin Shark (Isurus oxyrinchus), Bluntnose Sixgill Shark (Hexanchus griseus), Scalloped Hammerhead Shark (Sphyrna lewini), and Giant Devil Ray (Mobula mobular). Seabirds were not included in the study. The Alexandria Pompano (Alectis alexandrinus) and the Silver-Cheeked Toadfish (Lagocephalus sceleratus), which are bony fishes, appear to be the relatively smallest marine organisms recorded here. In conclusion, the role of the various parties must be coordinated to ensure the sustainability of human activities and their compatibility with the task of conserving local marine biota, including the gigantic or relatively large ones.

关键词： Mediterranean Sea Marine Biodiversity Marine Mammals Sea Turtles Bony Fishes Cartilaginous Fishes Gaza Strip Palestine

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The impact of foot reflexology on fatigue and sleep quality in school-aged children undergoing hemodialysis

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Journal of Integrative Nursing 2024年第2期6卷 76-82页

作者： Amal Hashem MOHAMED Mostafa SHABAN Huda Hamdy mohammed Randa Mohamed ABOBAKER Salman Hamdan ALSAQRI Rania abd-Elnaby mohammed ALLAM Faculty of Nursing Minia UniversityMinyaEgypt College of Nursing Jouf UniversitySakakaSaudi Arabia Faculty of Nursing Cairo UniversityGizaEgypt Northern College of Nursing ARARSaudi Arabia College of Nursing University of HailHailSaudi Arabia

Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the effects of foot reflexology on fatigue and sleep quality in school-aged children receiving ***:A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design was *** children of ages 6-12 undergoing in-center hemodialysis were *** Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)and Inventory of Fatigue Symptom(IFS)scales were administered at *** then received 30 min of foot reflexology massage before hemodialysis sessions 3 days per week for 12 *** administration of the sleep and fatigue scales occurred after the intervention ***:Reflexology massage led to significant improvements in sleep quality components,including duration(0%-30%normal sleepers),efficiency(0%-50%>85%),latency(50%-0%>60 min),disturbances,and daytime *** mean PSQI score decreased from 18.2 to 9.7(P<0.05).Fatigue severity substantially decreased,with the mean IFS score improving from 105.7 to 64.1(P<0.05).Conclusion:Foot reflexology is an effective nursing intervention for reducing fatigue and improving sleep quality in children on hemodialysis,warranting integration into routine care.

关键词： Fatigue hemodialysis massage pediatric reflexology sleep

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A Low Complexity ML-Based Methods for Malware Classification

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第9期80卷 4833-4857页

作者： Mahmoud E.Farfoura Ahmad Alkhatib Deema mohammed Alsekait Mohammad Alshinwan Sahar A.El-Rahman Didi Rosiyadi Diaa Salama abd Elminaam Cybersecurity Department Al-Zaytoonah University of JordanAmman11733Jordan Department of Computer Science and Information Technology Applied CollegePrincess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia Faculty of Information Technology Applied Science Private UniversityAmman11931Jordan Computer Systems Program-Electrical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering-ShoubraBenha UniversityCairo11629Egypt Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Cybersecurity Electronics and Informatics OrganizationNational Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)KST Samaun SamadikunBandung40135Republic of Indonesia Jadara Research Center Jadara UniversityIrbid21110Jordan MEU Research Unit Middle East UniversityAmman11831Jordan

The article describes a new method for malware classification,based on a Machine Learning(ML)model architecture specifically designed for malware detection,enabling real-time and accurate malware *** an innovative feature dimensionality reduction technique called the Interpolation-based Feature Dimensionality Reduction Technique(IFDRT),the authors have significantly reduced the feature space while retaining critical information necessary for malware *** technique optimizes the model’s performance and reduces computational *** proposed method is demonstrated by applying it to the BODMAS malware dataset,which contains 57,293 malware samples and 77,142 benign samples,each with a 2381-feature *** the IFDRT method,the dataset is transformed,reducing the number of features while maintaining essential data for accurate *** evaluation results show outstanding performance,with an F1 score of 0.984 and a high accuracy of 98.5%using only two reduced *** demonstrates the method’s ability to classify malware samples accurately while minimizing processing *** method allows for improving computational efficiency by reducing the feature space,which decreases the memory and time requirements for training and *** new method’s effectiveness is confirmed by the calculations,which indicate significant improvements in malware classification accuracy and *** research results enhance existing malware detection techniques and can be applied in various cybersecurity applications,including real-timemalware detection on resource-constrained *** and scientific contribution lie in the development of the IFDRT method,which provides a robust and efficient solution for feature reduction in ML-based malware classification,paving the way for more effective and scalable cybersecurity measures.

关键词： Malware detection ML-based models dimensionality reduction feature engineering

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The Palestinian Terrestrial Vertebrate Fauna Preserved at the Biology Exhibitions of the Universities of the Gaza Strip

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Research in Ecology 2020年第4期2卷 9-21页

作者： abdel Fattah N abd rabou Nour J Musallam Eman J Musallam Kamal E Elkahlout Kamal J Elnabris Tarek A El-Bashiti Ismail I abdel Aziz Reham M Ishneiwra Eqbal S Radwan Hana S Saada Ashraf A Shafei Nedal A Fayyad Saleh N Mwafy Huda E Abu Amra Ramy A Abu Alajeen mohammed F Abu Owda Randa N Alfarra Haifaa A Hassouna Reem A Hassouna mohammed R Al-Agha mohammed a abd rabou Department of Biology and Biotechnology Islamic University of GazaGaza StripPalestine Department of English Islamic University of GazaGaza StripPalestine Department of Biology Al-Azhar UniversityGaza StripPalestine Department of Biology Al-Aqsa UniversityGaza StripPalestine Department of Geography Al-Aqsa UniversityGaza StripPalestine Department of Curricula and Teaching Methods Islamic University of GazaGaza StripPalestine Department of Curricula and Teaching Methods Ministry of EducationGaza StripPalestine Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of PalestineGaza StripPalestine Department of Environment and Earth Sciences Islamic University of GazaGaza StripPalestine Department of Information Technology University College of Applied SciencesGaza StripPalestine

The Gaza Strip(365 km^(2))of Palestine(27,000 km^(2))is home to a wealth of terrestrial vertebrate *** of these faunistic species find their ways to preservation at the local ***,the current study comes to document the Palestinian terrestrial vertebrate fauna acquired by the biology exhibitions(BEs)of Al-Azhar University,Islamic University of Gaza and Al-Aqsa University that are located at the Gaza City of the Gaza *** amphibians,reptiles,birds and mammals preserved at BEs of the universities in question were surveyed and scientifically classified during a three-month period extending from January to March,*** study showed that all BEs of local universities are underdeveloped,lacking attention and suffer from specimen scarcity and good *** BE at Al-Azhar University is the best in the arrangement and preservation of bird specimens.A total number of 200 specimens belonging to 54 terrestrial vertebrate fauna species,39 families and 17 orders was recorded at *** constituted 40.7%of the total species recorded,followed by birds(38.9%),mammals(14.8%)and amphibians(5.6%).The Islamic University of Gaza was considered the best in terms of the number of preserved species(39.8%),followed by Al-Azhar University(36.3%)and Al-Aqsa University(23.9%).The Common Toad(Bufo viridis)was the most preserved among the amphibian species *** was the biggest reptilian order,comprising 20 species(8 lizards and 12 snakes),with the Syrian Black Snake(Coluber jugularis asianus)was the *** Palestine Viper(Vipera palaestinae)is endemic to Palestine and most venomous and dangerous to human *** Great White Pelican(Pelecanus onocrotalus)was the largest Palestinian bird preserved at BE of Al-Azhar *** Egyptian Mongoose(Herpestes ichneumon)and the Common Badger(Meles meles)were the biggest mammalian specimens preserved,while the Palestine Mole-rat(Spalax leucodon ehrenbergi)was the only Palestine endemic spe

关键词： Terrestrial vertebrate fauna Preservation Biology exhibitions Gaza universities Gaza Strip Palestine

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A Comparative Analysis on Surgical Outcomes and Complications of Endoscopic and Open Vein Harvesting Techniques

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Open Journal of Thoracic Surgery 2024年第2期14卷 29-39页

作者： mohammed Fawzy Eltaweel Ismail N. El-Sokkary Ahmed Alherazi Mohamed Wael Badawi mohammed G. abdellatif Bahaa A. Elkhonezy Ibrahim K. Gamil Haytham Mohamed abd El Moaty Sarra Sadmi Mahmoud Khalil Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Faculty of Medicine Menoufia University Shibin El Kom Egypt Department of Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery Faculty of Medicine Al-Azhar University Cairo Egypt Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Faculty of Medicine Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt Faculty of Medicine University of Algiers Algiers Algeria Department of Cardiac Surgery Sabah Al-Ahmed Cardiac Center Al-Amiri Hospital Kuwait City Kuwait

Objective: The great saphenous vein (GSV) is commonly used as a conduit for grafting during CABG surgery, and open GSV harvesting (OVH), commonly used with long incision to expose the vein. However, endoscopic vein harvesting (EVH) is an alternative approach, utilizing specialized instruments and small incisions to harvest the vein. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of patients who underwent Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) requiring great saphenous vein (GSV) harvesting which was done by EVH or OVH procedures. Demographic variables, including age and gender, were assessed for both groups. Intraoperative variables such as the number of grafts, cardiopulmonary bypass time, X clamp time, and type of procedure were analyzed. Postoperative variables, including infection and bleeding rates, were also evaluated. Results: The study included 30 patients each undergoing Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) with need of great saphenous vein harvesting which was done by EVH and OVH. Demographic variables were well-matched between the two groups in terms of age, while a significant difference in gender distribution was observed. Obesity and smoking were more prevalent in the OVH group, and EVH was associated with a higher mean number of grafts compared to OVH. Conversion to an open technique occurred in a portion of the EVH cases, and infection rates did not significantly differ between the EVH and OVH groups. However, the incidence of postoperative bleeding was significantly higher in the EVH group. Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights into the demographic, intraoperative, and postoperative variables associated with EVH and OVH techniques. EVH demonstrated advantages in terms of reduced infection rates compared to OVH. However, the higher incidence of postoperative bleeding associated with EVH raises concerns about potential risks.

关键词： Endoscopic Vein Harvesting (EVH) Open Vein Harvesting (OVH) Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) Great Saphenous Vein (GSV) Surgical Outcomes

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Sum Rate Maximization-based Fair Power Allocation in Downlink NOMA Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第6期71卷 5099-5116页

作者： mohammed abd-Elnaby Department of Computer Engineering College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia

Non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA)has been seen as a promising technology for 5G *** performance optimization of NOMA systems depends on both power allocation(PA)and user pairing(UP).Most existing researches provide sub-optimal solutions with high computational complexity for PA problem and mainly focuses onmaximizing the sum rate(capacity)without considering the fairness ***,the joint optimization of PA and UP needs an exhaustive *** main contribution of this paper is the proposing of a novel capacity maximizationbased fair power allocation(CMFPA)with low-complexity in downlink *** investigation and analysis of the joint impact of signal to noise ratio(SNR)per subcarrier and the channel gains of the paired users on the performance of NOMA in terms of the capacity and the user fairness is ***,a closed-form equation for the power allocation coefficient of CMFPA as a function of SNR,and the channel gains of the paired users is *** addition,to jointly optimizeUP and PAinNOMA systems an efficient low-complexity UP(ELCUP)method is proposed to be incorporated with the proposed CMFPA to compromise the proposed joint resource allocation(JRA).Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed CMFPA can improve the capacity and fairness performance of existing UP methods,such as conventional UP,and random UP ***,the simulation results show that the proposed JRA significantly outperforms the existing schemes and gives a near-optimal performance.

关键词： 5G NOMA UP PA capacity fairness

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Capacity and Fairness Maximization-Based Resource Allocation for Downlink NOMA Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第10期69卷 521-537页

作者： mohammed abd-Elnaby Department of Computer Engineering College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia

Non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA)is one of the leading technologies for 5G *** pairing(UP)and power allocation(PA)are the key controlling mechanisms for the optimization of the performance of NOMA *** paper presents a novel UP and PA(UPPA)technique for capacity and fairness maximization in NOMA called(CFM-UPPA).The impact of the power allocation coefficient and the ratio between the channel gains of the paired users on the sum-rate capacity and the fairness in NOMA is firstly ***,based on this investigation,the PA and UP algorithms of the CFM-UPPA technique are *** power allocation coefficient of the proposed PA is formulated as an exponentially decaying function of the ratio between the channel gains of the paired users to maximize the capacity and the fairness,and its maximum value is adjusted to guarantee the successive interference cancellation(SIC)*** proposed UP is based on selecting the user that has the highest channel gain per subcarrier as the strong user to maximize the capacity and selecting the user that has the closest lower channel gain to the strong user’s channel gain as the weak user to improve the fairness and *** performance evaluation of the proposed CFM-UPPA technique in terms of capacity,fairness,and outage probability demonstrates that its performance significantly outperforms that of the orthogonal multiple access(OMA)system and that of the NOMA system with random ***,the simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed PA in improving the performance of other UP algorithms,such as the random UP algorithm.

关键词： 5G non-orthogonal multiple access user pairing power allocation capacity fairness

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Comparison of Three Single-Nozzle Operator-Carried Spray Applicators for Whitefly (<i>Bemisia tabaci</i>) Management on Squash

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Agricultural Sciences 2015年第11期6卷 1381-1386页

作者： Alvin M. Simmons Shaaban abd-rabou mohammed Hindy U.S. Vegetable Laboratory United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service Charleston SC USA Whiteflies Unit Scale Insects and Mealybugs Department Egyptian Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation Agricultural Research Center Plant Protection Research Institute Giza Egypt Spray Technology Research Department Egyptian Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation Agricultural Research Center Plant Protection Research Institute Giza Egypt

Whiteflies cause problems in vegetable production on a global scale. The primary worldwide whitefly pest is Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). Insecticides are commonly used to mitigate the whitefly problem in vegetable crops. In limited-resource crop production, operator-carried spray applicators are commonly used for pesticide treatments. Three single-nozzle operator-carried spray applicators were assessed for their efficacies for whitefly (B. tabaci) control on summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) in Egypt. Each knapsack spray equipment was evaluated with five biorational and conventional insecticides. Counts of whitefly nymphs (first, second, third and fourth instars) on leaf samples were taken on 3, 9, 15 and 21 days after treatments with the insecticides. Nymphal mortality varied about 10% among the three spray equipment treatments. The Economy Micro Ulva sprayer resulted in significantly more nymphal mortality as compared with the Arimitsu sprayer and the CZP-3 sprayer, respectively. All insecticides greatly suppressed the whitefly populations;mean mortality ranged from 73% to 95% for all nymphs combined by day for a given treatment. These results provide pest management practitioners with performance assessment of the three operator-carried pesticide applicators for whitefly management with selected foliar insecticides.

关键词： Bemisia tabaci Vegetable Portable Pesticide Applicator Pest Management Limited-Resource Producer

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