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Deposition behavior and tribological properties of diamond-like carbon coatings on stainless steels via chemical vapor deposition

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2018年第11期25卷 1335-1343页

作者： Labani Mustafi M.M.Rahman mohammad nur e alam al nasim mohammad Asaduzzaman Chowdhury M.H.Monir School of Materials Science and engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China School of engineering RMIT UniversityMelbourneVictoria 3001Australia Dhaka University of engineering and Technology Gazipur 1707Bangladesh

A systematic investigation was carried out to observe the deposition rate of a diamond-like carbon(DLC) coating on two stainless steel substrates by chemical vapor deposition(CVD). The objective of this research is to study the deposition behavior of the DLC coating and its tribological properties in different combinations of methane(CH_4) and nitrogen, which were used as precursor gases. The results reveal that the deposition rate increases with increasing CH_4 content up to 50 vol%. The hardness of the DLC-deposited layer also increases while the friction coefficient decreases with increasing CH_4 gas content up to 50% in the precursor gas mixture.

关键词： diamond-like carbon chemical vapor deposition methane and nitrogen gas mixtures deposition rate hardness friction coefficient

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Application of metal oxides-based nanofluids in PV/T systems: a review

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Frontiers in energy 2022年第3期16卷 397-428页

作者： Shahriar Ahmed KH.Nazmul Ahshan Mdnur alam Mondal Shorab Hossain Department of Mechanical engineering Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology UniversityDinajpur5200Bangladesh Department of engineering BGMEA University of Fashion and TechnologyDhaka1230Bangladesh

Having the wide application of metal oxides in energy technologies, in recent years, many researchers tried to increase the performance of the PV/T system by using metal oxide-based nanofluids (NFs) as coolants or optical filters or both at the same time. This paper summarizes recent research activities on various metal oxides (al2O3, TiO2, SiO2, Fe3O4, CuO, ZnO, MgO)-based NFs performance in the PV/T system regarding different significant parameters, e.g., thermal conductivity, volume fraction, mass flowrate, electrical, thermal and overall efficiency, etc. By conducting a comparative study among the metal oxide-based NFs, al2O3/SiO2-water NFs are mostly used to achieve maximum performance. The al2O3-water NF has a prominent heat transfer feature with a maximum electrical efficiency of 17%, and a maximum temperature reduction of PV module of up to 36.9°C can be achieved by using the al2O3-water NF as a coolant. Additionally, studies suggest that the PV cell’s efficiency of up to 30% can be enhanced by using a solar tracking system. Besides, TiO2-water NFs have been proved to have the highest thermal efficiency of 86% in the PV/T system, but TiO2 nanoparticles could be hazardous for human health. As a spectral filter, SiO2-water NF at a size of 5 nm and a volume fraction of 2% seems to be very favorable for PV/T systems. Studies show that the combined use of NFs as coolants and spectral filters in the PV/T system could provide a higher overall efficiency at a cheaper rate. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of using NFs in PV/T systems are also discussed.

关键词： metal oxide nanofluids(NFs) nanoparticles(NPs) optical filter PV/T systems solar energy

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Natural contamination of human hands with enteric parasites in Indian Subcontinent

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World Journal of Clinical Infectious Diseases 2013年第2期3卷 13-19页

作者： M Khalid Ijaz Kaisar A Talukder mohammad Aslam Rashidul Haque Sandipan Ganguly Ishrat J Azmi Md Shawkat Hossain Avik Kumar Mukherjee Dibyendu Raj Ijaz Ahmed Jabeen Kamal Joseph R Rubino alam nur-e-Kamal Reckitt Benckiser LLC One Philips ParkwayMontvaleNJ 07645United States International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research BangladeshDhaka-1000Bangla-desh Division of Parasitology National Institute of Cholera and Enteric DiseasesKolkata-700010India Department of Biology Medgar Evers College of the City University of New YorkBrooklynNew YorkNY 11225United States

AIM: To investigate the prevalence of enteric parasite contamination on hands and the potential role naturally contaminated hands may have in their transmission. MeTHODS: Prior to initiating the survey, the protocol was reviewed and approved by respective Institutional Review Boards of each survey site(Dhaka, Bangladesh and Kolkata, India). Both stool and corresponding hand wash samples collected, were analyzed for the presence of enteric parasitic ova/(oo)cysts employing conventional microscopy coupled with permanent staining techniques. Additionally molecular approachessuch as polymerase chain reaction(PCR) of enteric parasites recovered from both stool and corresponding hand wash samples, were also used to further confirm their identity. ReSULTS: A total of 972 stool samples were collected from both sites surveyed(300 volunteers from Kolkata, India and 672 from Dhaka, Bangladesh). Parasitic analysis revealed, 113(38%) from Kolkata, India and 267(40%) of stool samples from Dhaka, Bangladesh were positive for parasitic ova/(oo)cysts. When the corresponding hand wash samples were analyzed, 43(14%) stool-positive volunteers in Kolkata, India and 47(7%) in Dhaka, Bangladesh were positive for enteric parasitic ova/(oo)cysts. Ascaris lumbricoides(A. lumbricoides) ova and Giardia lamblia(G. lamblia) cysts predominated in hands wash samples from both sites surveyed(from India, A. lumbricoides ova, 53%; G. lamblia cysts 31% and from Bangladesh, A. lumbricoides ova, 47%; G. lamblia cysts 19%). Genotypic analysis of enteric parasitic ova/(oo)cysts obtained from both stool and corresponding hand wash samples taken from the same person were found to be identical. CONCLUSION: These results suggest a possible role of hands contaminated with enteric parasites' ova/(oo)cysts in the transmission of these parasites highlighting another role of hand hygiene/proper hand washing in reducing the disease burden in low socioeconomic communities.

关键词： enteric parasites Ascaris lumbricoides Giardia lamblia Natural contamination of hands

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