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Constraints on the crustal structure beneath the Sinai subplate,SE Mediterranean,from analysis of local and regional travel times

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Geoscience Frontiers 2013年第2期4卷 213-222页

作者： mohamed k.salah Geology Department Faculty of ScienceTanta UniversityTanta 31527Egypt

The Sinai Peninsula has been recognized as a subplate of the African Plate located at the triple junction of the Gulf of Suez rift,the Dead Sea Transform fault,and the Red Sea *** upper and lower crustal structures of this tectonically active,rapidly developing region are yet poorly understood because of many *** this reason,a set of P- and S-wave travel times recorded at 14 seismic stations belonging to the Egyptian National Seismographic Network（ENSN） from 111 local and regional events are analyzed to investigate the crustal structures and the locations of the seismogenic zones beneath central and southern *** the velocity model used for routine earthquake location by ENSN is one-dimensional,the travel-time residuals will show lateral heterogeneity of the velocity structures and unmodeled vertical *** activity is strong along the eastern and southern borders of the study area but low to moderate along the northern boundary and the Gulf of Suez to the *** crustal V_P/V_S ratio is 1.74 from shallow（depth≤10 km） earthquakes and 1.76 from deeper（depth 〉 10 km） crustal *** majority of the regional and local travel-time residuals are positive relative to the Preliminary Reference Earth Model（PREM）,implying that the seismic stations are located above widely distributed,tectonically-induced low-velocity *** low-velocity zones are mostly related to the local crustal faults affecting the sedimentary section and the basement complex as well as the rifting processes prevailing in the northern Red Sea region and the ascending of hot mantle materials along crustal *** delineation of these low-velocity zones and the locations of big crustal earthquakes enable the identification of areas prone to intense seismotectonic activities,which should be excluded from major future development projects and large constructions in central and southern Sinai.

关键词： Crustal structure Sinai Peninsula SE Mediterranean Seismicity Travel-time residuals(TTRs) Crustal V_P/V_S ratio

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Upper crustal structure beneath Southwest Iberia north of the convergent boundary between the Eurasian and African plates

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Geoscience Frontiers 2014年第6期5卷 845-854页

作者： mohamed k.salah Geology Department Faculty of ScienceTanta UniversityTanta 31527Egypt

The 3-D P- and S-wave velocity models of the upper crust beneath Southwest Iberia are determined by inverting arrival time data from local earthquakes using a seismic tomo^raphy method. We used a total of 3085 P- and 2780 S-wave high quality arrival times from 886 local earthquakes recorded by a per- manent seismic network, which is operated by the Institute of Meteorology （IM）, Lisbon, Portugal. The computed P- and S-wave velocities are used to determine the 3-D distributions of Vp/Vs ratio. The 3-D velocity and Vp/Vs ratio images display clear lateral heterogeneities in the study area. Significant veloc- ity variations up to ~6% are revealed in the upper crust beneath Southwest lberia, At 4 km depth, both P- and S-wave velocity take average to high values relative to the initial velocity model, while at 12 km, low P-wave velocities are clearly visible along the coast and in the southern parts. High S-wave velocities at 12 km depth are imaged in the central parts, and average values along the coast; although some scattered patches of low and high S-wave velocities are also revealed. The Vp/Vs rztio is generally high at depths of 4 and 12 km along the coastal parts with some regions of high Vp/Vs ratio in the north at 4 km depth, and low Vp/Vs ratio in the central southern parts at a depth of 12 km, The imaged low velocity and high Vp/Vs ratios are related to the thick saturated and unconsolidated sediments covering the region; whereas the high velocity regions are generally associated with the Mesozoic basement rocks.

关键词： Upper crustal structure Southwest (SW) lberiaLoca Lseismic tomography Crustal Vp/Vs ratio

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A seismological evidence for the northwestward movement of Africa with respect to Iberia from shear-wave splitting

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Geoscience Frontiers 2012年第5期3卷 681-696页

作者： mohamed k.salah Geology Department Faculty of Science Tanta UniversityTanta 31527Egypt

Seismic anisotropy and its main features along the convergent boundary between Africa and Iberia are detected through the analysis of teleseismic shear-wave splitting. Waveform data generated by 95 teleseismic events recorded at 17 broadband stations deployed in the western Mediterranean region are used in the present study. Although the station coverage is not uniform in the Iberian Peninsula and north- west Africa, significant variations in the fast polarization directions and delay times are observed at stations located at different tectonic domains. Fast polarization directions are oriented predominantly NW-SE at most stations which are close to the plate boundary and in central Iberia; being consistent with the absolute plate motion in the region. In the northern part of the Iberian Peninsula, fast velocity direc- tions are oriented nearly E--W; coincident with previous results. Few stations located slightly north of the plate boundary and to the southeast of lberia show E--W to NE-SW fast velocity directions, which may be related to the Alpine Orogeny and the extension direction in lberia. Delay times vary significantly between 0.2 and 1.9 s for individual measurements, reflecting a highly anisotropic structure beneath the recording stations. The relative motion between Africa and lberia represents the main reason for the observed NW-SE orientations of the fast velocity directions. However, different causes of anisotropy have also to be considered to explain the wide range of the splitting pattern observed in the western Mediterranean region. Many geophysical observations such as the low Pn velocity, lower lithospheric Q values, higher heat flow and the presence of high conductive features support the mantle flow in the western Mediterranean, which may contribute and even modify the splitting pattern beneath the studied region.

关键词： Shear-wave splitting Seismic anisotropy Iberian Peninsula Northwest Africa Western Mediterranean

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Upper crustal Poisson's ratio and coda-wave attenuation beneath Eastern Anatolia

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2020年第2期19卷 335-347页

作者： Ufuk Aydin Sakir Sahin mohamed k.salah Atatürk University Oltu Faculty of Earth SciencesMining EngineeringErzurumTurkey Geophysical Engineering Department SDUEngineering and Architecture FacultyIspartaTurkey Department of Geology American University of BeirutRiad El Solh 11072020BeirutLebanon

The attenuation of seismic waves reflects the elastic nature of the media within which the waves *** this study,we calculate the Coda-Q(Qc),frequency dependence(η),Vp/Vs and Poisson's(υ)ratios by using 2621 vertical component seismograms generated by 987 earthquakes recorded by 13 seismic stations in Eastern Anatolia,and creat a 2-D seismic tomographic Qc model for the *** obtained model provides significant information for exploring the boundaries of adjacent tectonic units within the upper crust and interpreting their dynamic *** 2-D Qc model and the other parameters are consistent with the seismotectonic features of Eastern *** heterogeneous Qc values are observed in the study area dividing it into north-south directed bands of low and high *** highestηvalues were obtained beneath the northwestern and eastern parts of the study ***,high and lowυvalues are obtained in the western and eastern parts of the study area,*** spatial variations in the measured parameters are consistent with many geophysical observations including low Pn velocities,efficient Sn blockage,high heat flow,and widespread *** upper crustal thicknesses and inhomogeneous stress distribution along the East and North Anatolian Fault Zones may also contribute to the observed heterogeneities.

关键词： Coda-Q(Qc) Eastern Anatolia Poisson's ratio(υ) seismotectonics upper crustal structure

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Analysis and Characterization of Pore System and Grain Sizes of Carbonate Rocks from Southern Lebanon

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Journal of Earth Science 2023年第1期34卷 101-121页

作者： mohamed k.salah Hammad Tariq Janjuhah Josep Sanjuan Department of Geology American University of BeirutRiad El SolhBeirut11072020Lebanon Department of Geology Shaheed Benazir Bhutto UniversitySheringal KP10850Pakistan Department of Earth and Ocean Dynamics Faculty of Earth SciencesUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelona08028Spain

Carbonate rocks are common in many parts of the world, including the Eastern Mediterranean, where they host significant groundwater supplies and are widely used as building and ornamental stones. The porosity of carbonate rocks plays a critical role in fluid storage and retrieval. The pore structure connectivity, in particular, controls many properties of geological formations, as well as the relationships between the properties of individual minerals and the bulk properties of the rock. To study the relationships between porosity, rock properties, pore structure, pore size, and their impact on reservoir characteristics, 46 carbonate rock samples were collected from four stratigraphic sections exposed near Sidon, South Lebanon. The studied carbonate rocks are related to marine deposits of different ages(e.g., Upper Cretaceous, Eocene, and Upper Miocene). In order to understand the pore connectivity, the MICP(mercury injection capillary pressure) technique was conducted on ten representative samples. Results from the SEM analysis indicate the dominance of very fine and fine pore sizes, with various categories ranging in diameter from 0.1 to10 μm. The MICP data revealed that the pore throat radii vary widely from 0.001 to 1.4 μm, and that all samples are dominated by micropore throats. The grain size analysis indicated that the studied rocks have significant amounts of silt-and clay-size grains with respect to the coarser ‘sand-size’ particles, suggesting a high proportion of microporosity. Obtained results, such as the poorly-sorted nature of grains, high microporosity, and the high percentage of micropore throats, justify the observed low mean hydraulic radius, the high entry pressure, and the very low permeability of the studied samples. These results suggest that the carbonate rocks near Sidon(south of Lebanon) are possibly classified as non-reservoir facies.

关键词： petrophysics mercury injection capillary pressure(MICP) micrite microtexture microporosity platform carbonates southern Lebanon

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Biostratigraphy,Depositional and Diagenetic Processes in Carbonate Rocks from Southern Lebanon:Impact on Porosity and Permeability

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2021年第5期95卷 1668-1683页

作者： Hammad Tariq JANJUHAH Josep SANJUAN Mohammad ALQUDAH mohamed k.salah Department of Geology American University of BeirutRiad El-SolhBeirut 11072020Lebanon Department of Geology Shaheed Benazir Bhutto UniversitySheringalDir Upper 18050Pakistan Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Yarmouk UniversityIrbid 21163Jordan

Carbonate rocks contain prolific hydrocarbon reserves all over the world,particularly in the Middle *** exploration and production strategies,it is essential to understand carbonate reservoirs in terms of their internal characteristics,depositional environment,relative age,diagenetic processes and impact on petrophysical *** study has been performed on exposed Cretaceous,Paleocene and Miocene marine carbonate sedimentary sequences in two localities(Maghdoucheh and Qennarit)near the city of Sidon(Southern Lebanon).It represents the first comprehensive study that takes into consideration the carbonate reservoir facies,diagenetic history and reservoir quality in the *** at Maghdoucheh are mainly dominated by limestone beds showing sedimentary structures and erosive bases alternating with microfossil-rich silty marls,related to a shallowing upward sequence in a restricted marine platform *** of benthic foraminifera and mollusks dominate the fossil assemblage extracted from the studied *** microfossil and nannofossil assemblage detected in the Maghdoucheh sections indicates a middle Miocene *** at Qennarit are composed of mudstone/wackestone limestone beds rich in planktonic foraminifera and nannofossils related to open marine *** on the nannofossil content,rocks from Qennarit 1 and 2 are Paleocene and Cretaceous in age,*** main types of microfacies have been identified,i.e.(1)microbioclastic peloidal calcisiltite,(2)pelagic lime mudstone and wackestone with planktonic microfossils,(3)grainstone/packstone with abundant foraminifera and(4)fenestral bindstones,mudstones and packstones with porostromate *** porosity-permeability(poro-perm)analysis of representative samples reveals moderate to good porosity but very low *** is mainly due to the presence of large moldic pores that are isolated in *** diagenetic features are dominated by micritization and dissolut

关键词： lithofacies diagenesis microfossils nannofossils reservoir quality Middle East carbonates

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Comparison between seismic analysis of twisting and regular 52-story towers considering soil-structure interaction

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2024年第3期23卷 663-675页

作者： mohamed Naguib Abouelsaad Mohammed Shaaban salah El Bagalaty mohamed E.El Madawy Structural Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringMansura UniversityMansoura 35511Egypt Faculty of Engineering Delta University for Science and TechnologyGamasa 35712Egypt

A dynamic analysis of both twisting and regular towers is carried out to determine the results of considering soil-structure interaction(SSI)on high-rise *** addition,the difference between the seismic performance of using twisting towers over regular ones is *** twisting tower is a simulation of the Evolution Tower(Moscow).The towers’skeletons consist of RC elements and rest on a reinforced concrete piled-raft *** soil model is considered as multi-layered with the same soil properties as the zone chosen for the analysis(New Mansoura City,Egypt).The only difference between both towers is their shape in *** whole system is modelled and analyzed in a single step as one full 3D model,which is known as the direct approach in *** analyses are carried out using finite-element software(Midas GTS NX).Dynamic output responses due to three records of seismic loads are proposed and presented in some *** on the results,it is concluded that SSI has a considerable effect on the dynamic response of tall buildings mainly because of the foundation flexibility,as it leads to lengthening the vibration period,increasing the story drift and the base shear for both cases.

关键词： soil-structure interaction seismic analysis twisting towers base shear story drift finite element method Midas GTS NX

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Gastrointestinal tolerability of organic infant formula compared to traditional infant formula: A systematic review

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2024年第1期13卷 125-140页

作者： Mohammed Al-Beltagi Nermin kamal Saeed Adel salah Bediwy Reem Elbeltagi mohamed Basiony Hamza Department of Pediatric Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31511AlghrabiaEgypt Department of Pediatric University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityArabian Gulf UniversityDr.Sulaiman Al Habib Medical GroupManama 26671ManamaBahrain Medical Microbiology Section Department of PathologySalmaniya Medical ComplexMinistry of HealthKingdom of BahrainManama 12ManamaBahrain Medical Microbiology Section Department of PathologyIrish Royal College of SurgeonBusaiteen 15503MuharraqBahrain Department of Pulmonology Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31527AlghrabiaEgypt Department of Pulmonology University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityArabian Gulf UniversityDr.Sulaiman Al Habib Medical GroupManama 26671ManamaBahrain Department of Medicine The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland-BahrainBusiateen 15503MuharraqBahrain Department of Pediatric Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31511AlgahrbiaEgypt

BACkGROUND Infants'nutrition significantly influences their growth,development,and overall *** the increasing demand for organic infant formula driven by the perception of health benefits and growing awareness of natural feeding options,it is crucial to conduct a comparative analysis of the gastrointestinal tolerability between organic and traditional infant *** To provide a concise and precise analysis of the gastrointestinal tolerability of organic infant formula compared to traditional infant *** to limited direct comparisons,the review synthesizes available literature on each formula type,presenting insights into their potential effects on infants'digestive *** An extensive literature search was conducted,compiling studies on organic and traditional infant formulas,their compositions,and reported effects on gastrointestinal *** searched academic databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar and specialized nutrition,paediatrics,and infant health journals using relevant keywords till October 1,*** Although specific comparative studies are scarce and formula heterogeneity is a significant limitation,this systematic review provides an in-depth understanding of organic infant formulas'composition and potential *** scientific evidence directly comparing gastrointestinal tolerability is limited,organic formulas strive to use carefully selected organic ingredients to imitate breast milk *** benefits include improved lipid profiles,higher methionine content,and decreased antibiotic-resistant bacteria *** the gastrointestinal tolerability of organic and traditional infant formulas is crucial for parents and healthcare providers to make informed *** Despite limitations in direct comparisons,this systematic review provides insights into the composition and potential benefits of organic infant *** emphasizes the need for further research to eluci

关键词： Organic infant formula Traditional infant formula Gastrointestinal tolerability Formula ingredients Digestive health Infant nutrition Organic farming

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Ultralong hydroxyapatite-based forward osmosis membrane for freshwater generation

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2024年第9期18卷 37-49页

作者： mohamed Gamal Gomaa Hamdy Maamoun Abdel-Ghafar Francesco Galiano Francesca Russo Alberto Figoli El-Sayed Ali Abdel-Aal Abdel-Hakim Taha kandil Bahaa Ahmed salah Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute(CMRDI) 11421 CairoEgypt Chemistry Department Faculty of ScienceHelwan University11795 CairoEgypt Institute on Membrane Technology(CNR-ITM) 87036 RendeItaly

Increasing global water shortages are accelerating the pace of membrane manufacturing,which generates many environmentally harmful *** challenges need a radical rethink of developing innovative membranes that can address freshwater production without generating environmentally harmful *** work utilized the synthesized ultra-long hydroxyapatite(UHA)by the solvothermal method using the green solvent oleic acid in preparing UHA-based forward osmosis *** membranes were developed using different loading ratios of graphene oxide(GO)by vacuum-assisted filtration *** prepared GO/UHA membranes were identified using X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscope,Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,and X-ray photoelectron *** contact angle and pore size distribution were determined for the obtained GO/UHA *** obtained hierarchical porous structure in the prepared membranes with interconnected channels results in a stable water flux with reverse salt *** best water flux rate of 42±2 L·m^(–2)·h^(–1)was achieved using the 50 mg GO/UHA membrane,which is 3.3 times higher than the pristine membrane,and a reverse salt flux of 67 g·m^(-2)·h^(–1).The obtained results showed a promising capability of a new generation of sustainable inorganic-based membranes that can be utilized in freshwater generation by energy-efficient techniques such as forward osmosis.

关键词： forward osmosis ultra-long hydroxyapatite graphene oxide inorganic-based membrane

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Standardization of meibomian gland dysfunction in an Egyptian population sample using a non-contact meibography technique

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第1期17卷 61-65页

作者： Ahmed mohamed karara Zeinab El-Sanabary Mostafa Ali El-Helw Tamer Ahmed Macky Mohamad Amr salah Eddin Abdelhakim Department of Ophthalmology Kasr Al-Ainy HospitalCairo UniversityCairo 11431Egypt

AIM:To develop normative data for meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD)parameters,using non-contact meibography technique of Sirius Costruzione Strumenti Oftalmici(CSO)machine,in an Egyptian population ***:Observational,cross-sectional,analytic study,in which 104 Egyptian volunteers were *** upper lids were examined,using“Sirius CSO”*** eyelid was given a degree of meibomian gland loss(MGL),which was calculated by the software of the ***:Mean percentage MGL in right upper lid was of 30.9%±12.6%,and that of left upper lid was 32.6%±11.8%.Thirty-four volunteers(32.7%)had first-degree MGL in their right upper lid,and 67.3%had second-degree *** volunteer(1%)had zero-degree MGL in left upper lid,28(26.9%)had first-degree loss,and 75(72.1%)had second-degree *** of MGL in right upper eyelid was not related to age,but degree of MGL in left upper eyelid increased with *** was statistically significant difference between both genders for degree of MGL in right eye(P=0.036)and in left eye(P=0.027).CONCLUSION:Noncontact meibography is a useful non-invasive tool for diagnosing *** is diagnosed in 100%of apparently normal individuals;26.9%-32.7%of which have first-degree MGL,and 67.3%-72.1%have second-degree MGL.

关键词： Egyptian population meibomian gland dysfunction non-contact meibography standardization upper lid

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