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Paleoarchean bedrock lithologies across the Makhonjwa Mountains of South Africa and Swaziland linked to geochemical,magnetic and tectonic data reveal early plate tectonic genes flanking subduction margins

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Geoscience Frontiers 2018年第3期9卷 603-665页

作者： Maarten de Wit Harald Furnes Scott MacLennan moctar Doucouré Blair Schoene Ute Weckmann Uma Martinez Sam Bowring AEON-ESSRI (Africa Earth Observatory Network-Earth Stewardship Science Research Institute) Nelson Mandela University Department of Earth Science & Centre for Geobiology University of Bergen Department of Geosciences Princeton University Department of Geosciences Nelson Mandela University Department Geophysics GFZ-German Research Centre for GeosciencesHelmholtz Centre GISCAPETOWN Earth Atmosphere and Planetary SciencesMassachusetts Institute of Technology

The Makhonjwa Mountains, traditionally referred to as the Barberton Greenstone Belt, retain an iconic Paleoarchean archive against which numerical models of early earth geodynamics can be tested. We present new geologic and structural maps, geochemical plots, geo- and thermo-chronology, and geophysical data from seven silicic, mafic to ultramafic complexes separated by major shear systems across the southern Makhonjwa Mountains. All reveal signs of modern oceanic back-arc crust and subductionrelated processes. We compare the rates of processes determined from this data and balance these against plate tectonic and plume related models. Robust rates of both horizontal and vertical tectonic processes derived from the Makhonjwa Mountain complexes are similar, well within an order of magnitude, to those encountered across modern oceanic and orogenic terrains flanking Western Pacific-like subduction zones. We conclude that plate tectonics and linked plate-boundary processes were well established by 3.2-3.6 Ga. Our work provides new constraints for modellers with rates of a 'basket' of processes against which to test Paleoarchean geodynamic models over a time period close to the length of the Phanerozoic.

关键词： Paleoarchean Barberton Greenstone Belt Onverwacht Suite Geologic bedrock and structural maps Geochemistry and geophysics Plate tectonics

Assessing the impacts of climate change on water resources of a West African trans-boundary river basin and its environmental consequences (Senegal River Basin)

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2013年第1期5卷 140-156页

作者： Cheikh Bécaye Gaye moctar Diaw Raymond Malou Department of Geology Faculty of Sciences and Techniques University Cheikh Anta Diop BOX: 5005 Dakar Senegal

The Senegal River Basin （SRB） is a shared watershed in West Africa which includes regions （the upper basin, valley, and delta）, characterized by distinct environmental conditions. An important feature of the Senegal River flow volume historically was its in- ter-annual irregularity, which caused a major water resource constrain. This situation has been accentuated during the long-term drought （1969-1984） in the Sahel zone which highlights the vulnerability of food-producing systems to climate change and variability. SRB is undergoing fundamental environmental, hydrologic, and socioeconomic traxisitions and represents a good illustration of sensi- tivity to climatic variations and opportunities for adaptation. This paper aims to study water resources systems under stress from cfi- mate variability and change in the Senegal River Basin. The results show （1） through the compilation of available data, information and knowledge （sedimentological, climatical, geological, environmental, archeological, etc.）, the chronological consequences of cli- mate change during the past millennium in West Africa, and also （2） an analysis of the recent impacts and vulnerability to climate change in the SRB and finally （3） the adaptation strategies in the SRB in order to identify and resolve problems associated with this water scarcity and to address the potential for guaranteed agricultural production in this narrow geographic area.

关键词： Senegal River Basin water resources climate change consequences adaptation

The Contribution of the People’s Republic of China to Malian Conflict Resolution (2013-2017)

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The Contribution of the People’s Republic of China to Malia...

作者： Alassane camara 华中师范大学

学位级别：硕士

马里是一个土地辽阔、历史悠久、文化深厚的国家,马里人民多年来为祖国的和平与兴盛不懈努力。从古至今,在寻求社会、经济、文化在国内和国际发展的进程中,这个美丽的文化历史大国的发展之路上既铺满鲜花,也遍布荆棘。尽管如此,国家领... 详细信息

马里是一个土地辽阔、历史悠久、文化深厚的国家,马里人民多年来为祖国的和平与兴盛不懈努力。从古至今,在寻求社会、经济、文化在国内和国际发展的进程中,这个美丽的文化历史大国的发展之路上既铺满鲜花,也遍布荆棘。尽管如此,国家领导人的攻坚克难,加之国际上合作伙伴的多方支持,使得马里所面临的许多发展问题都迎刃而解。本文旨在研究自2012年起由恐怖分子和毒贩在马里北部引起的恐慌和危机。中国自建国以来一直是马里重要的合作伙伴之一,在解决这类冲突性问题时,中国从未袖手旁观。中国与马里的友好关系可以追溯至57年前莫迪博·凯塔总统时期与和毛泽东主席建立的友谊。本文将以中国帮助解决马里国内的冲突问题为切入点,考察两国之间友好的双边关系。中国已与其他国际合作伙伴一道,在联合国马里多层面综合稳定团的维和任务中,尤其是应对马里北部的危机方面做出了突出贡献;除此,中国还在马里境内的人员培训、医疗救助、后勤物资等方面做出了积极贡献,尤其在卫生防预、基础设施和工程建设等主要领域给予了马里人民无私援助。

关键词：非洲联盟马里中华人民共和国解决冲突

Optimization of room-and-pillar dimensions using automated numerical models

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2019年第5期29卷 797-801页

作者： Gian Franco Napa-García Tais Renata camara Vidal Félix Navarro Torres Mining Instituto Tecnológico ValeSanta LuziaMG 33040-900Brazil Exploration and Mineral Projects VALE S.A.Santa LuziaMG 33040-900Brazil

This paper presents an optimization methodology for the geometric configuration of a room–and–pillar mining project,considering safety and operational restrictions while maximizing ore *** underground manganese mine was chosen as a case study to investigate the capabilities of the presented methodology.A software package(OPTIMINE)was implemented to address the computational demand in an automated ***–dimensional finite difference analyses were performed in FLAC3D and used as implicit functions to consider safety in terms of the factor of safety and room *** obtained results showed that recovery could be increased from 44%to more than 80%in a safe manner.

关键词： Optimization Safety Room and pillar mining Ore recovery 3D numerical modeling

Focus on the gut-brain axis: multiple sclerosis, the intestinal barrier and the microbiome

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第37期24卷 4217-4223页

作者： Carlos R camara-Lemarroy Luanne M Metz V Wee Yong Department of Clinical Neurosciences Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Hotchkiss Brain Institute Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary

The brain-gut axis serves as the bidirectional connection between the gut microbiome, the intestinal barrier and the immune system that might be relevant for the pathophysiology of inflammatory demyelinating diseases. People with multiple sclerosis have been shown to have an altered microbiome, increased intestinal permeability and changes in bile acid metabolism. Experimental evidence suggests that these changes can lead to profound alterations of peripheral and central nervous system immune regulation. Besides being of pathophysiological interest, the brain-gut axis could also open new avenues of therapeutic targets. Modification of the microbiome, the use of probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, supplementation with bile acids and intestinal barrier enhancers are all promising candidates. Hopefully, pre-clinical studies and clinical trials will soon yield significant results.

关键词： Multiple sclerosis Microbiome Intestinal barrier Bile acids Gut-brain axis

Performance of clinical signs and symptoms,rapid and reference laboratory diagnostic tests for diagnosis of human African trypanosomiasis by passive screening in Guinea:a prospective diagnostic accuracy study

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第2期12卷 117-118页

作者： Oumou camara Mamadou camara Laura Cristina Falzon Hamidou Ilboudo Jacques Kaboré Charlie Franck Alfred Compaoré Eric Maurice Fèvre Philippe Büscher Bruno Bucheton Veerle Lejon Programme National de Lutte contre la Trypanosomiase Humaine Africaine Conakry Guinea International Livestock Research Institute Nairobi Kenya Institute of Infection Veterinary and Ecological Sciences University of Liverpool Liverpool UK Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro Institute for Health Science Research (IRSS) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Vector-Borne Diseases and Biodiversity Unit International Research and Development Center on Livestock in Sub-Humid Areas (CIRDES) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Unit of Research and Training in Life and Earth Sciences University of Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Department of Biomedical Sciences Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp Belgium UMR Intertryp IRD-CIRAD French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD) University of Montpellier Montpellier France

Background Passive diagnosis of human African trypanosomiasis(HAT)at the health facility level is a major component of HAT control in *** examined which clinical signs and symptoms are associated with HAT,and assessed the performance of selected clinical presentations,of rapid diagnostic tests(RDT),and of reference laboratory tests on dried blood spots(DBS)for diagnosing HAT in *** The study took place in 14 health facilities in Guinea,where 2345 clinical suspects were tested with RDTs(HAT Sero-K-Set,rHAT Sero-Strip,and SD Bioline HAT).Seropositives underwent parasitological examination(reference test)to confirm HAT and their DBS were tested in indirect enzyme-linked immunoassay(ELISA)/Trypanosoma brucei gambiense,trypanolysis,Loopamp Trypanosoma brucei Detection kit(LAMP)and m18S quantitative PCR(qPCR).Multivariable regression analysis assessed association of clinical presentation with ***,specificity,positive and negative predictive values of key clinical presentations,of the RDTs and of the DBS tests for HAT diagnosis were *** The HAT prevalence,as confirmed parasitologically,was 2.0%(48/2345,95%CI:1.5–2.7%).Odds ratios(OR)for HAT were increased for participants with swollen lymph nodes(OR=96.7,95%CI:20.7–452.0),important weight loss(OR=20.4,95%CI:7.05–58.9),severe itching(OR=45.9,95%CI:7.3–288.7)or motor disorders(OR=4.5,95%CI:0.89–22.5).Presence of at least one of these clinical presentations was 75.6%(95%CI:73.8–77.4%)specific and 97.9%(95%CI:88.9–99.9%)sensitive for *** Sero-K-Set,rHAT Sero-Strip,and SD Bioline HAT were respectively 97.5%(95%CI:96.8–98.1%),99.4%(95%CI:99.0–99.7%)and 97.9%(95%CI:97.2–98.4%)specific,and 100%(95%CI:92.5–100.0%),59.6%(95%CI:44.3–73.3%)and 93.8%(95%CI:82.8–98.7%)sensitive for *** RDT’s positive and negative predictive values ranged from 45.2–66.7%and 99.2–100%*** DBS tests had specificities≥92.9%.While LAMP and m18S qPCR sensitivities were below 50%,trypanolysis and E

关键词： Human African trypanosomiasis Trypanosoma brucei gambiense Diagnosis Clinical Rapid diagnostic test Sensitivity Specificity Dried blood spot Trypanolysis

Long-Term Persistent Absolute Insulin Secretion Deficiency in Diabetes Induced by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

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Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases 2023年第12期13卷 227-233页

作者： moctar Bah Clara Bouché Jean-François Gautier Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology Lariboisière Hospital Assistance Publique-H&#244pitaux de Paris University of Paris Paris France Department of Medicine Sominé DOLO Hospital Mopti Mali Department of Hospital Medicine Fondation Rothschild Hospital Paris France INSERM U1151 INEM Université Paris-Cité Paris France

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are today an immense hope in the management of cancers. However, since their widespread use, many cases of insulin-requiring diabetes appearing suddenly, as fulminant diabetes have been reported. Here, we describe 4 cases that occurred at different times after the beginning of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy with Nivolumab alone or associated with Ipilimumab. There are 3 cases of newly diagnosed diabetes and 1 case of known type 2 diabetes formerly quite well balanced with Metformin. The clinical and biological characteristics of these patients are quite similar. They were all insulin-requiring at the discovery of diabetes and remained so throughout their follow-up. This type of diabetes which looks like type 1 diabetes seems rather to be a new entity.

关键词： Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Nivolumab Ipilimumab Fulminant Diabetes Insulin-Requiring Diabetes

Population-scale variability of the human UDP-glycosyltransferase gene family

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2024年第11期51卷 1228-1236页

作者： Daianna González-Padilla Mahamadou D.camara Volker M.Lauschke Yitian Zhou Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden Center for Molecular Medicine Karolinska Institutet and University HospitalStockholmSweden Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology StuttgartGermany University of Tubingen TubingenGermany

Human UDP-glycosyltransferases(UGTs)are responsible for the glycosylation of a wide variety of endogenous substrates and commonly prescribed *** genetic polymorphisms in UGT genes are implicated in interindividual differences in drug response and cancer ***,the genetic complexity beyond these variants has not been comprehensively *** here leveraged wholeexome and whole-genome sequencing data from 141,456 unrelated individuals across 7 major human populations to provide a comprehensive profile of genetic variability across the human UGT gene ***,9666 exonic variants were observed,of which 98.9%were *** interpret the functional impact of UGT missense variants,we developed a gene family-specific variant effect *** algorithm identified a total of 1208 deleterious variants,most of which were found in African and South Asian *** analysis corroborated the predicted effects for multiple variations in substrate binding ***,our analyses provide a systematic overview of UGT variability,which can yield insights into interindividual differences in phase 2 metabolism and facilitate the translation of sequencing data into personalized predictions of UGT substrate disposition.

关键词： UDP-Glycosyltransferases Genetic variants Populations Drug response Cancer risk Pharmacogenomics

Specificity of serological screening tests and reference laboratory tests to diagnose gambiense human African trypanosomiasis: a prospective clinical performance study

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第4期13卷 48-63页

作者： Martial Kassi N'Djetchil Oumou camara Mathurin Koffi Mamadou camara Dramane Kaba Jacques Kabore Alkali Tall Brice Rotureau Lucy Glover Melika Barkissa Traorel Minayegninrin Kone Bamoro Coulibaly Guy Pacome Adingra Aissata Soumah Mohamed Gassama Abdoulaye Dansy camara Charlie Franck Alfred Compaore Aissata camara Salimatou Boiro Elena Perez Anton Paul Bessell Nick Van Reet Bruno Bucheton Vincent Jamonneau Jean-Mathieu Bart Philippe Solano Sylvain Bieler Veerle Lejon Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management Jean Lorougnon Guede UniversityDaloaCote d'ivoire National Program for Neglected Tropical Disease Control Patient ManagementMinistry of HealthConakryGuinea Trypanosomosis Research Unit Pierre Richet InstituteBouakeCote d'ivoire International Research and Development Centre on Livestock in Subhumid Zones Bobo-DioulassoBurkina Faso National Program for Malaria Control ConakryGuinea Parasitology Unit Institut Pasteur de GuineeConakryGuinea Trypanosome Molecular Biology Unit Department of Parasites and Insect VectorsPasteur InstituteParis Cite UniversityParisFrance Intertryp IRD-CIRAD-University of MontpellierMontpellierFrance Independent Consultant EdinburghUk Department of Biomedical Sciences Institute of Tropical MedicineAntwerpBelgium Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics GenevaSwitzerland

Background Serological screening tests play a crucial role to diagnose gambiense human African trypanosomiasis(gHAT).Presently,they preselect individuals for microscopic confrmation,but in future"screen and treat"strategies they willidentify individuals for *** in reported specificities,the development of new rapid diagnos-tic tests(RDT)and the hypothesis that malaria infection may decrease RDT specificity led us to evaluate the specificity of 5 gHAT screening *** During active screening,venous blood samples from 1095 individuals from Cote d'ivoire and Guinea were tested consecutively with commercial(CATT,HAT Sero-K-SeT,Abbott Bioline HAT 2.0)and prototype(DCN HAT RDT,HAT Sero-K-SeT 2.0)gHAT screening tests and with a malaria *** with≥1 positive gHAT screening test underwent microscopy and further immunological(trypanolysis with *** LiTat 1.3,1.5 and 1.6;indirect ELISA/***;*** inhibition ELISA with *** LiTat 1.3 and 1.5 VSG)and molecular reference laboratory tests(PCR TBRN3,18S and TgsGP;SHERLOCK 18S Tids,7SL Zoon,and TgsGP;Trypanozoon S2-RT-qPCR 18S2,177T,GPl-PLC and TgsGP in multiplex;RT-qPCR DT8,DT9 and TgsGP in multiplex).Microscopic trypanosome detection confrmed gHAT,while other individuals were considered gHAT *** in fractions between groups were assessed by Chi square and differences in specificity between 2 tests on the same individuals by *** One gHAT case was *** test specificities(n=1094)were:CATT 98.9%(95%CI:98.1-99.4%);HAT Sero-K-SeT 86.7%(95%CI:84.5-88.5%);Bioline HAT 2.082.1%(95%CI:79.7-84.2%);DCN HAT RDT 78.2%(95%CI:75.7-80.6%);and HAT Sero-K-SeT 2.078.4%(95%CI:75.9-80.8%).In malaria positives,gHAT screening tests appeared less specific,but the difference Was significant only in Guinea for Abbott Bioline HAT 2.0(P=0.03)and HAT Sero-K-Set 2.0(P=0.0006).The specificities of immunological and molecular laboratory tests in gHAT seroposit

关键词： Human African trypanosomiasis Trypanosoma brucei gambiense Diagnosis Specificity Rapid diagnostic test Immunoloaical test Molecular test