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将卒中纳入心血管风险预测工具美国心脏协会／美国卒中协会对医疗卫生专业人员的声明

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国际脑血管病杂志 2012年第11期20卷 801-828页

作者： Daniel T. Lackland mitchell s.v. elkind Ralph D'Agostino sr Mandip s. Dhamoon David C. Goff Jr Randall T. Higashida Leslie A. McClure Pamela H. mitchell Ralph L. sacco Cathy A. sila sidney C. smith Jr David Tanne David L. Tirschwell Emmanuel Touze Lawrence R. Wechsler 4:~ 尤寿江(译) 于海龙(译) 刘慧慧(译) 张霞(译) 刘春风(译) 代表美国心脏协会卒中委员会、流行病学和预防委员会、心血管放射学和介入委员会、心血管护理委员会、周围血管病委员会以及医疗质量和转归研究委员会苏州大学附属第二医院神经内科 215004

背景和目的目前美国针对心血管事件风险预测以及一级和二级预防的指南声明均使用绝对风险估计值来识别血管事件高危患者以及可从特定干预措施中获益的患者。然而，这些指南并未明确地包括卒中患者。本指南对现有证据和争论进行概述以支... 详细信息

背景和目的目前美国针对心血管事件风险预测以及一级和二级预防的指南声明均使用绝对风险估计值来识别血管事件高危患者以及可从特定干预措施中获益的患者。然而，这些指南并未明确地包括卒中患者。本指南对现有证据和争论进行概述以支持：（1）将卒中（尤其是动脉粥样硬化性卒中）患者纳入心血管病绝对风险增高的患者群体；（2）将卒中纳入血管性疾病风险预测工具的转归预测因素。方法和结果写作组成员由委员会联合主席基于先前在相关领域的研究成果来提名，并得到美国心脏协会（American Heart Association，AHA）卒中委员会科学声明监督委员会以及文稿监督委员会的批准。作者采用系统文献回顾（覆盖1980年1月至2010年3月期间的文献）并参考以往公布的指南、个人资料以及专家观点，以归纳现有证据，提出当前知识的不足，并根据AHA标准对适当的问题制定推荐意见。所有写作组成员均有机会对推荐意见进行评论并批准了最终版本。经广泛的AHA内部同行评议以及卒中委员会领导阶层和科学声明监督委员会的审阅后，最终获得AHA科学咨询和协调委员会的批准。将卒中患者（尤其是动脉粥样硬化性卒中患者）纳入冠状动脉和心血管病绝对高危人群的原因如下。首先，有证据显示，缺血性卒中患者发生致死性和非致死性心肌梗死或猝死的绝对风险增高，10年绝对风险≥20％，这一风险阈值已被一些指南用于定义冠状动脉疾病风险等危症。其次，纳入动脉粥样硬化性卒中的原因与纳入糖尿病、周围血管病、慢性肾脏病以及其他动脉粥样硬化性疾病的原因相同，尽管尚缺乏在所有人群或患者中风险增高的统一证据。再次，缺血性卒中的大动脉粥样硬化性卒中亚型与其他这些疾病的病理生理学机制相同。将卒中纳入高危因素将导致高危人群的数量扩大约10％。然而，由于卒中的异质性，尚不确定其他卒中亚型，包括出血性卒中以及非动脉粥样硬化性卒中亚型，是否应被视为具有相同水平的风险，因此有待进一步研究。鉴于卒中对残疾和死亡的影响、卒中与其他血管性疾病预防措施的相似性以及卒中在某些人群中较冠状动脉疾病更高的重要性，将卒中、心肌梗死和猝死纳入心血管事件风险预测工具的转归预测因素是合适的。美国以外的指南常常将卒中患者纳入心血管高危人群，并将卒中作为心脏终点的一个相关转归事件。结论动脉粥样硬化性卒中患者应被纳入会进一步发生冠状动脉粥样硬化事件的高危患者（10年≥20％）。是否应纳入非动脉粥样硬化卒中亚型尚不确定。对于一级预防，缺血性卒中应被纳入绝对风险评估方案的心血管疾病转归事件。将动脉粥样硬化性卒中作为一个高危因素或者更宽泛地将缺血性卒中视作一种转归事件纳入，可能对心血管病的预防具有重要意义，因为被评定为高危风险的患者数量将大幅增加。

关键词： AHA科学声明心血管疾病危险性评估风险预测卒中

卒中一级预防指南美国心脏协会／美国卒中协会对医疗专业人员的声明

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国际脑血管病杂志 2015年第7期23卷 403-439页

作者： James F. Meschia Cheryl Bushnell Bernadette Boden-Albala Lynne T. Braun Dawn M. Bravata seemant Chaturvedi Mark A. Creager Robert H. Eckel mitchell s.v. elkind Myriam Fornage Larry B Goldstein steven M. Greenberg susanna E. Horvath Costantino Iadecola Edward C. Jauch Wesley s. Moore John A. Wilson 李迪高一鹭陈政弘霍晓川孙海欣孙冬玲茹小娟江滨代表美国心脏协会卒中委员会、心血管和卒中护理委员会、临床心脏病学委员会、功能基因组学和生物转化委员会以及高血压委员会北京市神经外科研究所首都医科大学首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院临床流行病学北京市重点实验室 100050

这份更新版指南旨在为既往无卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作史的人群提供适时的综合性卒中预防循证建议，包括危险因素控制、头颈部动脉粥样硬化性疾病的干预方法以及预防血栓形成和血栓栓塞性卒中的抗栓治疗。此外，本指南还提供了针对遗传和... 详细信息

这份更新版指南旨在为既往无卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作史的人群提供适时的综合性卒中预防循证建议，包括危险因素控制、头颈部动脉粥样硬化性疾病的干预方法以及预防血栓形成和血栓栓塞性卒中的抗栓治疗。此外，本指南还提供了针对遗传和药理学检测以及在其他特殊情况下（包括镰状细胞疾病和卵圆孔未闭）进行卒中预防的建议。

关键词： AHA/AsA科学声明 AF 糖尿病高脂血症高血压颅内动脉瘤缺血预防与控制吸烟卒中

21世纪的卒中新定义：美国心脏协会／美国卒中协会对医疗专业人员的声明

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国际脑血管病杂志 2014年第1期22卷 5-27页

作者： Ralph L. sacco scott E. Kasner Joseph P. Broderick Louis R. Caplan J.J. (Buddy) Connors Antonio Culebras mitchell s.v. elkind Mary G. George Allen D. Hamdan Randall T. Higashida Brian L. Hoh L. scott Janis Carlos s. Kase Dawn O. Kleindorfer Jin-Moo Lee Michael E. Moseley Eric D. Peterson Tanya N. Turan Amy L. valderrama Harry v. vinters 王胜男(译) 吴齐恒(译) 邓镇(译) 周晓(译) 袁超(译) 潘速跃(译) 不详南方医科大学南方医院神经内科 510515

尽管脑血管病的影响广泛且对其病理生理学的理解已取得一些进展，但“卒中”一词在临床实践、临床研究和公共卫生评价中的定义并不统一。经典的卒中定义主要是临床定义，不能反映科学技术的进步。因此，美国心脏协会卒中委员会／美国卒... 详细信息

尽管脑血管病的影响广泛且对其病理生理学的理解已取得一些进展，但“卒中”一词在临床实践、临床研究和公共卫生评价中的定义并不统一。经典的卒中定义主要是临床定义，不能反映科学技术的进步。因此，美国心脏协会卒中委员会／美国卒中协会召集了一个写作组，旨在对21世纪的卒中新定义制定一份专家共识文件。中枢神经系统（centralnervoussystem，CNs）梗死被定义为缺血导致的脑、脊髓或视网膜细胞死亡，并且具有永久性损伤的神经病理学、神经影像学和（或）临床证据。CNs梗死具有一系列临床表现：缺血性卒中特指伴有明显症状的CNs梗死，而无症状梗死则顾名思义不引起明显症状。广义的卒中还包括脑出血和蛛网膜下腔出血。卒中的新定义结合了临床和组织学标准，因此能被融入临床实践、研究和公共卫生评价。

关键词：美国心脏协会科学声明脑出血脑梗死卒中蛛网膜下腔出血短暂性脑缺血发作

Identification of four novel DC-sIGN ligands on Mycobacterium bovis BCG

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Protein & Cell 2010年第9期1卷 859-870页

作者： Maria v.Carroll Robert B.sim Fabiana Bigi Anne Jäkel Robin Antrobus Daniel A.mitchell Department of Pharmacology University of OxfordMansfield RoadOxford OX13QTUK Institute of Biotechnology CICVyA-INTALos Reseros y Las Cabañas1712 CastelarArgentina Cambridge Institute of Medical Research Addenbrooke’s HospitalHills RoadCambridge CB20XYUK CsRI-UHCW Walsgrave Campus University of WarwickCoventryCV22DXUK

Dendritic-cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin(DC-sIGN;CD209)has an important role in mediating adherence of Mycobacteria species,including *** and *** BCG to human dendritic cells and macrophages,in which these bacteria can survive ***-sIGN is a C-type lectin,and interactions with mycobacterial cells are believed to occur via mannosylated structures on the mycobacterial *** studies suggest more varied modes of binding to multiple mycobacterial *** we identify,by affinity chromatography and mass-spectrometry,four novel ligands of *** BCG that bind to *** novel ligands are chaperone protein DnaK,60 kDa chaperonin-1(Cpn60.1),glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH)and lipoprotein *** published work strongly suggests that these are on the cell *** these ligands,lprG appears to bind DC-sIGN via typical proteinglycan interactions,but DnaK and Cpn60.1 binding do not show evidence of carbohydrate-dependent *** was also identified as a ligand for DC-sIGNR(L-sIGN;CD299)and the *** orthologue of lprG has been found previously to interact with human toll-like receptor ***,these findings offer new targets for combating mycobacterial adhesion and within-host survival,and reinforce the role of DCsIGN as an important host ligand in mycobacterial infection.

关键词： DC-sIGN Mycobacteria lectins

血管生成素样蛋白3基因抑制、脂质与心血管代谢风险

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中华高血压杂志（中英文） 2024年第3期32卷 204-204页

作者： Gobeilé Bourgault J mitchell PL Houessou U Gagnon E Girard A Paulin A Manikpurage HD Cotev Couture C Marceau s Boss Y Th riault s Mathieu P vohl MC Tchernof A Arsenault BJ 袁源(译) 郑武洪(审校) 不详

基于RNA、抗体和基因组编辑的治疗正在研究当中,以明确血管生成素样蛋白3(angiopoietin-like protein-3,ANGPTL3)抑制能否降低脂蛋白-脂质水平和动脉粥样硬化心血管疾病(atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease,As.v.)风险。采用孟德... 详细信息

基于RNA、抗体和基因组编辑的治疗正在研究当中,以明确血管生成素样蛋白3(angiopoietin-like protein-3,ANGPTL3)抑制能否降低脂蛋白-脂质水平和动脉粥样硬化心血管疾病(atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease,As.v.)风险。采用孟德尔随机(Mendelian randomisation,MR)明确通过基因变异影响ANGPTL3肝脏基因表达、血液水平和蛋白结构,能否影响甘油三脂和载脂蛋白B(apolipoprotein B,apoB)水平。

关键词：血管生成素样蛋白3 心血管疾病动脉粥样硬化基因变异基因组编辑载脂蛋白B 孟德尔脂蛋白

sTCF conceptual design report (volume 1): Physics & detector

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Frontiers of physics 2024年第1期19卷 1-154页

作者： M.Achas.v.X.C.Ai L.P.An R.Aliberti Q.An X.Z.Bai Y.Bai O.Bakina A.Barnyakov v.Blinov v.Bobrovnikov D.Bodrov A.Bogomyagkov A.Bondar I.Boyko Z.H.Bu F.M.Cai H.Cai J.J.Cao Q.H.Cao X.Cao Z.Cao Q.Chang K.T.Chao D.Y.Chen H.Chen H.X.Chen J.F.Chen K.Chen L.L.Chen P.Chen s.L.Chen s.M.Chen s.Chen s.P.Chen W.Chen X.Chen X.F.Chen X.R.Chen Y.Chen Y.Q.Chen H.Y.Cheng J.Cheng s.Cheng T.G.Cheng J.P.Dai L.Y.Dai X.C.Dai D.Dedovich A.Denig I.Denisenko J.M.Dias D.Z.Ding L.Y.Dong W.H.Dong v.Druzhinin D.s.Du Y.J.Du Z.G.Du L.M.Duan D.Epifanov Y.L.Fan s.s.Fang Z.J.Fang G.Fedotovich C.Q.Feng X.Feng Y.T.Feng J.L.Fu J.Gao Y.N.Gao P.s.Ge C.Q.Geng L.s.Geng A.Gilman L.Gong T.Gong B.Gou W.Gradl J.L.Gu A.Guevara L.C.Gui A.Q.Guo F.K.Guo J.C.Guo J.Guo Y.P.Guo Z.H.Guo A.Guskov K.L.Han L.Han M.Han X.Q.Hao J.B.He s.Q.He X.G.He Y.L.He Z.B.He Z.X.Heng B.L.Hou T.J.Hou Y.R.Hou C.Y.Hu H.M.Hu K.Hu R.J.Hu W.H.Hu X.H.Hu Y.C.Hu J.Hua G.s.Huang J.s.Huang M.Huang Q.Y.Huang W.Q.Huang X.T.Huang X.J.Huang Y.B.Huang Y.s.Huang N.Hüsken v.Ivanov Q.P.Ji J.J.Jia s.Jia Z.K.Jia H.B.Jiang J.Jiang s.Z.Jiang J.B.Jiao Z.Jiao H.J.Jing X.L.Kang X.s.Kang B.C.Ke M.Kenzie A.Khoukaz I.Koop E.Kravchenko A.Kuzmin Y.Lei E.Levichev C.H.Li C.Li D.Y.Li F.Li G.Li G.Li H.B.Li H.Li H.N.Li H.J.Li H.L.Li J.M.Li J.Li L.Li L.Li L.Y.Li N.Li P.R.Li R.H.Li s.Li T.Li W.J.Li X.Li X.H.Li X.Q.Li X.H.Li Y.Li Y.Y.Li Z.J.Li H.Liang J.H.Liang Y.T.Liang G.R.Liao L.Z.Liao Y.Liao C.X.Lin D.X.Lin X.s.Lin B.J.Liu C.W.Liu D.Liu F.Liu G.M.Liu H.B.Liu J.Liu J.J.Liu J.B.Liu K.Liu K.Y.Liu K.Liu L.Liu Q.Liu s.B.Liu T.Liu X.Liu Y.W.Liu Y.Liu Y.L.Liu Z.Q.Liu Z.Y.Liu Z.W.Liu I.Logashenko Y.Long C.G.Lu J.X.Lu N.Lu Q.F.Lü Y.Lu Y.Lu Z.Lu P.Lukin F.J.Luo T.Luo X.F.Luo Y.H.Luo H.J.Lyu X.R.Lyu J.P.Ma P.Ma Y.Ma Y.M.Ma F.Maas s.Malde D.Matvienko Z.X.Meng R.mitchell A.Nefediev Y.Nefedov s.L.Olsen Q.Ouyang P.Pakhlov G.Pakhlova X.Pan Y.Pan E.Passemar Y.P.Pei H.P.Peng L.Peng X.Y.Peng X.J.Peng K.Peters s.Pivovarov E.Pyata B.B.Qi Y.Q.Qi W.B.Qian Y.Qian C.F.Qiao J.J.Qin J.J.Qin L.Q.Qin X.s.Qin T.L.Qiu J.Rademacker C.F.Redmer H.Y.sang Anhui University Hefei 230039China Beihang University Beijing 100191China Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics Novosibirsk 630090Russia CAs Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Cavendish Laboratory University of CambridgeJJ Thomson AveCambridge CB30HEUnited Kingdom Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079China Central south University Changsha 410083China China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074China China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116China École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL) LausanneSwitzerland Fudan University Shanghai 200433China Goethe University Frankfurt D-60325 Frankfurt am MainGermany Guangxi Normal University Guilin 541004China Guangxi Uninversity Nanning 530004China Hangzhou Institute for Advanced study UCASHangzhou 310024China Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024China Hebei University Baoding 071002China Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230601China Helmholtz Institute Mainz Staudinger Weg 18D-55099 MainzGermany Henan Normal University Xinxiang 453007China Henan University Kaifeng 475004China High Energy Physics Center Chung-Ang UniversitySeoul 06974Korea Higher school of Economy 11 Pokrovsky Bulvar Moscow 109028Russia Huangshan University Huangshan 245000China Hubei University of Automotive Technology Shiyan 442002China Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081China Hunan University of science and Technology Xiangtan 411201China Hunan University Changsha 410082China Indiana University BloomingtonIndiana 47405USA Inner Mongolia University Hohhot 010021China Institute of Advanced science Facilities Shenzhen 518107China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Institute of Physics Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan 11529China Institute of Theoretical Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Jilin University Changch

The superτ-charm facility(sTCF)is an electron–positron collider proposed by the Chinese particle physics *** is designed to operate in a center-of-mass energy range from 2 to 7 Gev with a peak luminosity of 0.5×10^(35) cm^(–2)·s^(–1) or *** sTCF will produce a data sample about a factor of 100 larger than that of the presentτ-charm factory—the BEPCII,providing a unique platform for exploring the asymmetry of matter-antimatter(charge-parity violation),in-depth studies of the internal structure of hadrons and the nature of non-perturbative strong interactions,as well as searching for exotic hadrons and physics beyond the standard *** sTCF project in China is under development with an extens.v. R&D *** document presents the physics opportunities at the sTCF,describes conceptual designs of the sTCF detector system,and discusses future plans for detector R&D and physics case studies.

关键词： electron–positron collider tau-charm region high luminosity sTCF detector conceptual design

General Theoretical Model for Resonantly Enhanced Optical Modulators

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光学学报 2003年第S1期23卷 337-338页

作者： Yuvaraja s. visagathilagar Arnan mitchell Michael W. Austin Australian Photonics CRC SECE RMIT University GPO Box 2476V MelbourneVictoria3001Australia.Australian Photonics CRC SECE RMIT University GPO Box 2476V MelbourneVictoria3001Australia.Australian Photonics CRC SECE RMIT University GPO Box 2476V MelbourneVictoria3001Australia.

1 IntroductionLiNbO3 optical modulators have become essential transmission devices for current and future wideband fibre-optic communications for both military and telecommunications applications. For many telecommunications applications, only a narrow bandwidth is required and thus resonantly enhancedMach-Zehndermodulators(RE-MZMs)have been developed to improve modulation efficiency at the expense of bandwidth.

关键词： for on et of in be General Theoretical Model for Resonantly Enhanced Optical Modulators MZM

Environmental sampling of volatile organic compounds during the 2018 Camp Fire in Northern California

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2021年第5期33卷 135-147页

作者： Leslie A.simms Eva Borras Bradley s.Chew Bruno Matsui mitchell M.McCartney stephen K.Robinson Nicholas Kenyon Cristina E.Davis Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of CaliforniaDavisOne Shields Avenue2132 Bainer HallDavisCA 95616USA Institute for space Research University of CaliforniaDavisOne Shields AvenueDavisCA 95616USA Department of Internal Medicine University of CaliforniaDavis4150V StreetSuite 3400SacramentoCA 95817USA vA Northern California Health Care system 10535 Hospital WayMatherCA 95655USA

Trace analysis of volatile organic compounds.v.Cs) during wildfires is imperative for environmental and health risk assessment. The use of gas sampling devices mounted on unmanned aerial vehicles(UAvs) to chemically sample air during wildfires is of great interest because these devices move freely about their environment, allowing for more representative air samples and the ability to sample areas dangerous or unreachable by humans. This work presents chemical data from air samples obtained in Davis, CA during the most destructive wildfire in California's history-the 2018 Camp Fire – as well as the deployment of our sampling device during a controlled experimental fire while fixed to a UAv. The sampling mechanism was an in-house manufactured micro-gas preconcentrator(μPC) embedded onto a compact battery-operated sampler that was returned to the laboratory for chemical analysis. Compounds commonly observed in wildfires were detected during the Camp Fire using gas chromatography mass spectrometry(GC–Ms), including BTEX(benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m + p-xylene, and o-xylene), benzaldehyde, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, naphthalene, 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene and 1-ethyl-3-methylbenzene. Concentrations of BTEX were calculated and we observed that benzene and toluene were highest with average concentrations of 4.7 and 15.1 μg/m^(3), respectively. Numerous fire-related compounds including BTEX and aldehydes such as octanal and nonanal were detected upon experimental fire ignition, even at a much smaller sampling time compared to samples taken during the Camp Fire. Analysis of the air samples taken both stationary during the Camp Fire and mobile during an experimental fire show the successful operation of our sampler in a fire environment.

关键词： volatile organic compounds.v.Cs) Wildfire 2018 Camp Fire Micro preconcentrators Environmental sampling Mobile vOC sampling

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白细胞计数的相对升高可预测首次脑梗死

世界核心医学期刊文摘（神经病学分册） 2005年第10期1卷 55-56页

作者： elkind M.s.v. sciacca R.R. Boden-Albala B. 史焕昌 Neurologic Institute Box 182 710 W. 168 St. New York NY 10032 United States

Background: Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease, and leukocyte levels are associated with future risk of ischemic cardiac disease. Objective: To inves tigate the hypothesis that relative elevations in leukocyte count in a stroke- free population predict future ischemic stroke (Is). Methods: A populationbased prospective cohort study was performed in a multiethnic urban population. stroke - free community participants were identified by random- digit dialing. Leukoc yte levels were measured at enrollment, and participants were followed annually for Is, myocardial infarction (MI), and cause- specific mortality. Cox proporti onal hazards regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % CIs for Is, MI, and vascular death after adjustment for medical, behavioral, and socioeconomic factors. Results: Among 3,103 stroke- free community partici pants (mean age 69.2 ± 10.3 years) with baseline leukocyte levels measured, med ian follow- up was 5.2 years. After adjusting for stroke risk factors, each sD in leukocyte count (1.8 × 109 cells/L) was associated with an increased risk of Is (HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.42), and Is, MI, or vascular death (HR 1.13, 95 % CI 1.02 to 1.26). Compared with those in the lowest quartile of leukocyte co unt, those in the highest had an increased risk of Is (adjusted HR 1.75, 95% C I 1.08 to 2.82). The effect on atherosclerotic and cardioembolic stroke was grea ter than in other stroke subtypes. Conclusion: Relative elevations in leukocyte count are independently associated with an increased risk of future ischemic str oke and other cardiovascular events.

关键词：白细胞计数缺血性卒中卒中风险前瞻性队列研究血管疾病缺血性心脏病心血管事件四分位数可信区间回归模型