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Transhiatal versus transthoracic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第30期16卷 3804-3810页

作者： j Camilo Barreto mitchell C Posner Section of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology Department of SurgeryUniversity of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine5841 S. Maryland AveMC 5094ChicagoIL 60637United States

Esophageal cancer continues to represent a formidable challenge for both patients and clinicians. Relative 5-year survival rates for patients have improved over the past three decades, probably linked to a combination of improved surgical outcomes, progress in systemic chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and the increasing acceptance of multimodality treatment. Surgical treatment remains a fundamental component of the treatment of localized esophageal adenocarcinoma. Multiple approaches have been described for esophagectomy, which can be thematically grouped under two major categories: either transthoracic or transhiatal. The main controversy rests on whether a more extended resection through thoracotomy provides superior oncological outcomes as opposed to resection with relatively limited morbidity and mortality through a transhiatal approach. After numerous trials have addressed these issues, neither approach has consistently proven to be superior to the other one, and both can provide excellent short-term results in the hands of experienced surgeons. Moreover, the available literature suggests that experience of the surgeonand hospital in the surgical management of esophageal cancer is an important factor for operative morbidity and mortality rates, which could supersede the type of approach selected. Oncological outcomes appear to be similar after both procedures.

关键词： Esophageal cancer Transhiatal esophageal resection Transthoracic esophageal resection

Ocular therapies for neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses: more than meets the eye

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第8期17卷 1755-1756页

作者： Samantha j.Murray Nadia L.mitchell Faculty of Agricultural and Life Sciences Lincoln UniversityLincolnNew Zealand

The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses(NCLs),also known as Batten disease,are a group of inherited,neurodegenerative,lysosomal storage diseases typically manifesting in *** are currently 13 known forms of NCL resulting from various mutations in the CLN(ceroid lipofuscinoses neuronal)genes(CLN1-8 and CLN10-14).Although varying in onset and severity,the NCLs share several phenotypic features including seizures,motor dysfunction,cognitive decline,and progressive loss of vision(Mole et al.,2011).Current treatment strategies being investigated in pre-clinical studies and early stage clinical trials primarily target the brain and spinal *** these potential therapeutics show promise in attenuating neurological disease,protection against retinal dysfunction and degeneration is generally ineffective or not reported.

关键词： degeneration primarily typically

The codewriting workbook creating computational architecture in AutoLISP Robert j. Krawczyk ; foreword by William j. mitchell.

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Reply to Letter by Dr. Christoph Kupferschmid： Commentary on ＂Countries with high circumcision prevalence have lower prostate cancer mortality＂

2009年

作者： Robert j. Krawczyk foreword by William j. mitchell.

ISBN: (纸本)9781568987927

The Codewriting Workbook introduces students and practi-tioners to basic programming concepts for computer-aided design (CAD). Through a series of guided exercises and examples, readers learn how to develop and write procedures for creating two-dimensional drawings and three-dimensional models using a variety of algorithmic functions. Each exercise begins with a simple concept and evolves into a f

关键词： AutoLISP (Computer program language)Computeraided design.Architectural designData processing.Engineering designData processing.

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Asian journal of Andrology 2016年第6期18卷 950-951页

作者： mitchell S Wachtel Shengping Yang Brian j Morris Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Lubbock Texas USA School of Medical Sciences University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia

Dear Editor, We thank Dr. Kupferschmid for his interest in our study, which examined male circumcision （MC） and prostate cancer mortality〉2 Considerable strong evidence has been accumulated since 1951.3 Most of his references4-10 do not address MC and the risk of death from prostate cancer. That is a different question than MC and the risk of developing prostate cancer, which none of his references validly assess. One reference addressed bacterial colonization,6 not prostate cancer. Another7 concerned sexually transmitted infections and prostate cancer.

关键词： @@

An Awareness-Adoption Matrix for Strategic Decision Making in Agricultural Development Projects: A Case Study in Yunnan Province, China

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journal of Integrative Agriculture 2009年第9期8卷 1112-1119页

作者： M Subedi T j Hocking M A Fullen A R McCrea E Milne D j mitchell School of Applied Sciences The University of Wolverhampton Wolverhampton WV1 1LY UK Department of Geography University of Leicester Leicester LE1 7RH UK

Significant achievements have been made in generating sustainable agricultural technologies in developing countries. Usually, these new technologies have been more effective in increasing production and productivity than existing technologies. However, many new technologies considered ‘effective’ have not been successful in alleviating the associated sustainability problems, due to poor adoption by targeted users. Success of any novel technical intervention should be judged on the basis of how widespread adoption is in the target area by targeted users. In this context, a case study identified the factors affecting farmers’ adoption of improved technologies extended by an agricultural development project in a rural Village in Yunnan Province, China. Initial adoption/adaptation of project technologies was influenced by farmers’ awareness of the technology. Farmers were more aware of polythene mulch, contour cultivation, intercropping and tree planting technologies than others. This led to a comparatively high initial uptake of polythene mulch, contour cultivation, sweet chestnut, and intercropping technologies. Farmers had inadequate knowledge about some Project technologies, the adoption of which was particularly low. This reveals the need for increasing farmers’ awareness about the rationale for Project technologies to achieve greater adoption/adaptation of project technologies by farmers over wider areas. Farmers’ testing of the technology leads to better adoption/adaptation compared to mere awareness. However, considerable time and resources are required for testing/trying technologies. This justifies the usefulness of comparatively quick and less resource demanding options for awareness creation. Development of effective cropping technologies is important for sustainable agricultural development. The success of any agricultural development project, especially in terms of improving sustainability, depends on how widely those improved technologies are adopted/adap

关键词： awareness-adoption matrix sustainable agriculture China

Two decades of variable retention in British Columbia: a review of its implementation and effectiveness for biodiversity conservation

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Ecological Processes 2019年第1期8卷 402-423页

作者： William j.Beese john Deal B.Glen Dunsworth Stephen j.mitchell Timothy j.Philpott Vancouver Island University 900 Fifth StreetNanaimoBC V9R 5S5Canada Western Forest Products 118–1334 Island Hwy.Campbell RiverBC V9W 8C9Canada Glen Dunsworth Ecological Consulting 7857 Shangri-La Rd.LantzvilleBC V0R 2H0Canada University of British Columbia 2424 Main MallVancouverBC V6T 1Z4Canada BC Min.of Forests Lands and Nat.Res.Oper400–640 Borland St.Williams LakeBC V2G 4T1Canada

Stand-level retention is an important component of sustainable forest management which aims to balance ecological,social and economic ***-term retention of mature forest structures at the time of harvesting(variable retention)is intended to produce future forest stands that more closely resemble conditions that develop after natural disturbances,thereby maintaining greater diversity of habitats for a variety of *** includes features such as live and dead trees representing multiple canopy layers,undisturbed understory vegetation and coarse woody *** the past two decades,variable retention has become common on forest lands in the temperate rainforests of coastal British Columbia(BC)and has been applied to a lesser extent in inland forest *** review of studies in BC and in similar forest types in our region indicates that both aggregated and dispersed retention can contribute to biodiversity conservation by providing short-term‘life-boating’habitat for some species and by enhancing the structural characteristics of future *** example,greater abundance of species present in the pre-harvest forest have been documented for vegetation,birds,carabid beetles,gastropods,ectomycorrhizal fungi and soil fauna in retention cutblocks compared to *** are,however,some negative consequences for timber production such as wind damage to retained trees and reduced growth rates of tree regeneration compared to *** authors suggest an adaptive management approach for balancing competing objectives when faced with *** includes monitoring the implementation and effectiveness of various strategies for achieving *** two decades of experience applying variable retention harvesting to industrial-scale management of forest lands in BC suggests that it is possible to balance production of wood with biodiversity conservation.

关键词： Alternative silvicultural systems Clearcutting Biological legacies Forest biodiversity Old-growth Variable retention British Columbia

Trial by fire:Testing the paleolongitude of Pangea of competing reference frames with the African LLSVP

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第4期11卷 1253-1256页

作者： Ross N.mitchell Lei Wu j.Brendan Murphy Zheng-Xiang Li State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Earth Dynamics Research Group The Institute for Geoscience Research(TIGeR)School of Earth and Planetary SciencesCurtin UniversityGPO Box U1987PerthWAAustralia Department of Earth Sciences St.Francis Xavier UniversityAntigonishNova ScotiaCanada

Paleogeography can be reconstructed using various crust-or mantle-based reference frames that make fundamentally different *** various reconstruction models differ significantly in continental paleolongitude,but it has been difficult to assess which models are more *** suggest here a "LLSVP test",where an assumed correlation between present-day large low velocity shear-wave provinces and the paleogeography of supercontinent Pangea at breakup ca.200 million years ago can be used to assess the relative accuracy of published *** correlations between continental paleolongitude and the African LLSVP are achieved with mantle-based reference frames(moving hotspots and true polar wander),whereas shallower crustbased reference frames are shown to be *** relative success of mantle-based frames,and thus the importance of the depth of reference frame,supports the notion that mantle convection is largely vertical compared to the horizontal plate motion of tectonics.

关键词： Palaeogeography Plate tectonics LLSVPs Reference frames

An Evaluation of the Introduction of Modified Cropping Practices in Yunnan Province,China,Using Surveys of Farmers’ Households

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2009年第2期8卷 188-202页

作者： M Subedi T j Hocking M A Fullen A R McCrea E Milne D j mitchell WU Bo-zhi School of Applied Sciences University of Wolverhampton Wulfruna Street Wolverhampton WV1 1LY UK The Macaulay Institute Craigiebuckler Aberdeen AB15 8QH UK Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming 650201 P.R.China

Problems associated with land degradation are serious in China. Sloping land in South China has experienced a decline in crop productivity by 30-60% due to soil erosion and it has been predicted that most topsoil will be lost within the next 100 years if current erosion rates continue. Considering these situations, an agro-environmental research and development project （Sustainable Highland Agriculture in South-East Asia- SHASEA） was conducted in a catchment in Yunnan Province, China, to address the objectives of increasing crop productivity in sustainable and environmentally-friendly ways. A range of cropping practices was developed and implemented in a rural upland catchment （Wang jia）. At the end of the project, farmers were surveyed to evaluate project effectiveness. All farmers from Wang jia Catchment, who were involved in project implementation, were surveyed. A sample of farmers working in an adjacent catchment （not associated with the project） was surveyed for comparative purposes. Farmers had different perceptions of the cropping practices employed. Contour cultivation was preferred and likely to be adopted. Others practices such as straw mulching and intercropping were seen as less appropriate and unlikely to be adopted. Polythene mulch was recognized as effective, but likely to be adopted only if financial returns were favourable. The availability of relevant information had an important impact on the extent of technology testing by farmers and their willingness to adopt the practices in the future.

关键词： cropping practices farmers' perceptions household survey Yunnan China

Linking the Gawler Craton and Mount Isa Province through hydrothermal systems in the Peake and Denison Domain,northeastern Gawler Craton

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第5期14卷 108-125页

作者： mitchell j.Bockmann justin L.Payne Martin Hand Laura j.Morrissey Antonio P.Belperio Department of Earth Sciences University of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia Mineral Exploration Cooperative Research Centre University of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia UniSA STEM University of South AustraliaAdelaideSAAustralia Mineral Exploration Cooperative Research Centre Future Industries InstituteUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSAAustralia Demetallica Ltd NorwoodSAAustralia

Tectonic reconstructions of Proterozoic Australia commonly place the Peake and Denison Domain of the northeastern Gawler Craton at the interface between the North and South Australian cratons prior to the reconfiguration of Australia’s main tectonic components in the ***,this reconstruction is largely based on palaeomagnetic data as the geological correlations between these regions are currently limited,particularly during the *** early Mesoproterozoic period is significant as it corresponds to major IOCG mineralization in the eastern Gawler Craton between 1600 Ma and 1575 Ma,and IOCG mineralization in the Mount Isa Province largely between 1550 Ma and 1490 ***,determining the relationship of the Peake and Denison Domain to the Gawler Craton and Mount Isa Province during this period is essential to evaluating mineral prospectivity in the northeastern Gawler *** U–Pb LA-ICP-MS geochronology on zircon and titanite improves our understanding of the tectonothermal and hydrothermal history the Peake and Denison Domain during the latePalaeoproterozoic,early-Mesoproterozoic and the Cambrian–Ordovician *** formed within largely calc-silicate alteration assemblages indicates the Peake and Denison Domain has a protracted history of hydrothermal activity,recording events at c.1565 Ma,1530–1515 Ma,c.1500 Ma,c.1465 Ma and c.490 *** highly calcic nature of the c.1565–1500 Ma alteration in the Peake and Denison Domain shares strong similarities in age and character to the regional calcic-sodic alteration recorded in the Mount Isa *** suggest the two regions were influenced by similar hydrothermal systems during the early Mesoproterozoic,supporting reconstruction models that place the Peake and Denison Domain near the Mount Isa Province during the *** highlights the prospectivity of the Peake and Denison Domain for Isan-style IOCG mineralization,but requires consideration of the post-

关键词： Peake and Denison Gawler Craton Mount Isa IOCG Tectonic reconstruction Titanite