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Multinational corporations and infectious disease: Embracing human rights management techniques

Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2014年第1期3卷 354-366,353页

作者： Kendyl Salcito Burton H Singer mitchell G Weiss Mirko S Winkler Gary R Krieger Mark Wielga jürg Utzinger Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Swiss Tropical and Public Health InstituteP.O.BoxCH-4002BaselSwitzerland University of Basel P.O.BoxCH-4003BaselSwitzerland NomoGaia 1900 Wazee StreetSuite 303DenverCO 80202USA NewFields LLCDenverCO 80202USA Emerging Pathogens Institute University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32610USA

Background:Global health institutions have called for governments,international organisations and health practitioners to employ a human rights-based approach to infectious *** motivation for a human rights approach is clear:poverty and inequality create conditions for infectious diseases to thrive,and the diseases,in turn,interact with social-ecological systems to promulgate poverty,inequity and *** and intergovernmental organisations should be concerned with the control and elimination of these diseases,as widespread infections delay economic growth and contribute to higher healthcare costs and slower processes for realising universal human *** social determinants and economic outcomes associated with infectious diseases should interest multinational companies,partly because they have bearing on corporate productivity and,increasingly,because new global norms impose on companies a responsibility to respect human rights,including the right to ***:We reviewed historical and recent developments at the interface of infectious diseases,human rights and multinational *** investigation was supplemented with field-level insights at corporate capital projects that were developed in areas of high endemicity of infectious diseases,which embraced rights-based disease control ***:Experience and literature provide a longstanding business case and an emerging social responsibility case for corporations to apply a human rights approach to health programmes at global ***,in an increasingly globalised and interconnected world,multinational corporations have an interest,and an important role to play,in advancing rights-based control strategies for infectious ***:There are new opportunities for governments and international health agencies to enlist corporate business actors in disease control and elimination *** offered by the United Nations in 2011 that is widel

关键词： Infectious diseases Human rights Systems-based interventions Multinational corporations Corporate social responsibility

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南非太阳紫外线B曝射量的时空变化:对受威胁分类群的影响

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人类环境杂志 1999年第5期28卷 450-456页

作者： CharlesF.Musil Michael C.Rutherford Leslie W.Powrie David j.mcdonald Lars Olof Bjrn 孙颖 National Botanical Institute Private Bag X7Clarent 7735 National Botanical Institute Private Bag X7Claremont 7735 气候变化科研小组生态及保护出生物保护小组隆德大学植物生理学系北京大学城市与环境学系

南非大阳光中的UV-B(28～315nm)曝射量在空间和时间上的变化是按2.5km^2的分辨率用臭氧、相对湿度、云量及海拔高度数据进行模拟并绘图的。计算机处理的结果显示,UV-B曝射量存在着很大的天然梯度,纬度跨越14度,变化幅度为34.2%,经度跨... 详细信息

南非大阳光中的UV-B(28～315nm)曝射量在空间和时间上的变化是按2.5km^2的分辨率用臭氧、相对湿度、云量及海拔高度数据进行模拟并绘图的。计算机处理的结果显示,UV-B曝射量存在着很大的天然梯度,纬度跨越14度,变化幅度为34.2%,经度跨越16度,UV-B变化幅度为44.2%。对未来UV-B年曝射量情况的模拟显示出其小辐增长的趋势,2003年增加2.5%(臭氧耗减过程的最佳状况);2051年增加8.1%(臭氧耗减过程的最差状况)。值得注意的是,防臭氧耗减,UV-B的年内变率显著增加。2003年深秋(5月)曝射量增加12%,2051年同一季节增加35%。对代表103科468属的2146种受威胁(稀有、濒危、脆弱)生物分析其分类、生活型和机能特征,并将它们的分布与模拟得到的UV-B时空分布型式相比较。我们看到,在受威胁分类群中,常绿和内质的生活型及地下芽植物出现的比例很高,这说明,这些植物时太阳先中UV-B作用的增强有很高的生理修复能力,尽管有些生活型(如树木)的抵抗力显得相对差一些。有些植物机能类型(如一年生本本植物)显示出单位繁殖产出的降低及植物总体适应水平的下降,这些可能会导致物种共存型式、植物组成成分和多样性的改变。

关键词：南非太阳光紫外线B曝射量时空变化植物危害

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Doxorubicin-conjugated siRNA lipid nanoparticles for combination cancer therapy

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2023年第4期13卷 1429-1437页

作者： Kamila Butowska Xuexiang Han Ningqiang Gong Rakan El-Mayta Rebecca MHaley Lulu Xue Wenqun Zhong Wei Guo Karin Wang Michael j.mitchell Department of Bioengineering University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology University of Gdańsk&Medical University of GdańskGdańsk 80-307Poland Department of Biology University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Department of Bioengineering Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPA 19122USA Abramson Cancer Center Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Institute for Immunology Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Cardiovascular Institute Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Institute for Regenerative Medicine Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA

Evasion of apoptosis is a hallmark of cancer,attributed in part to overexpression of the antiapoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2).In a variety of cancer types,including lymphoma,Bcl-2 is *** targeting of Bcl-2 has demonstrated efficacy in the clinic and is the subject of extensive clinical testing in combination with ***,the development of co-delivery systems for Bcl-2 targeting agents,such as small interfering RNA(siRNA),and chemotherapeutics,such as doxorubicin(DOX),holds promise for enabling combination cancer *** nanoparticles(LNPs)are a clinically advanced nucleic acid delivery system with a compact structure suitable for siRNA encapsulation and *** by ongoing clinical trials of albumin-hitchhiking doxorubicin prodrugs,here we developed a DOX-siRNA co-delivery strategy via conjugation of doxorubicin to the surface of siRNAloaded *** optimized LNPs enabled potent knockdown of Bcl-2 and efficient delivery of DOX into the nucleus of Burkitts'lymphoma(Raji)cells,leading to effective inhibition of tumor growth in a mouse model of *** on these results,our LNPs may provide a platform for the co-delivery of various nucleic acids and DOX for the development of new combination cancer therapies.

关键词： Lipid nanoparticles Doxorubicin Bcl-2 siRNA delivery Chemotherapy Lymphoma

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Scalable arrays of chemical vapor sensors based on DNA-decorated graphene

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Nano Research 2014年第1期7卷 95-103页

作者： Nicholas j. Kybert Gang Hee Han mitchell B. Lerner Eric N. Dattoli Ali Esfandiar A. T. Charlie johnson Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA SPAWAR Systems Center Pacific San Diego CA 92152 USA

Arrays of chemical vapor sensors based on graphene field effect transistors functionalized with single-stranded DNA have been demonstrated. Standard photolithographic processing was adapted for use on large-area graphene by including a metal protection layer, which protected the graphene from contamination and enabled fabrication of high quality field-effect transistors （GFETs）. Processed graphene devices had hole mobilities of 1,640 ± 250 cm2.V-1.s-1 and Dirac voltages of 15 ± 10 V under ambient conditions. Atomic force microscopy was used to verify that the graphene surface remained uncontaminated and therefore suitable for controlled chemical functionalization. Single-stranded DNA was chosen as the functionalization layer due to its affinity to a wide range of target molecules and π-π stacking interaction with graphene, which led to minimal degradation of device characteristics. The resulting sensor arrays showed analyte- and DNA sequence-dependent responses down to parts-per-billion concentrations. DNA/GFET sensors were able to differentiate among chemically similar analytes, including a series of carboxylic acids, and structural isomers of carboxylic acids and pinene. Evidence for the important role of electrostatic chemical gating was provided by the observation of understandable differences in the sensor response to two compounds that differed only by the replacement of a （deprotonating） hydroxyl group by a neutral methyl group. Finally, target analytes were detected without loss of sensitivity in a large background of a chemically similar, volatile compound. These results motivate further development of the DNA/graphene sensor family for use in an electronic olfaction system.

关键词： graphene vapor sensor DNA photolithography chemical gating

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Influence of towing speed on effectiveness of rolling dynamic compaction

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journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2020年第1期12卷 126-134页

作者： Brendan T.Scott Mark B.jaksa Peter W.mitchell School of Civil Environmental and Mining EngineeringThe University of AdelaideSouth Australia5005Australia Aurecon AdelaideSouth Australia5000Australia

The influence of towing speed on the effectiveness of the 4-sided impact roller using earth pressure cells(EPCs)is *** field trials were undertaken;the first trial used three EPCs placed at varying depths between 0.5 m and 1.5 m with towing speeds of 9-12 km/*** second used three EPCs placed at a uniform depth of 0.8 m,with towing speeds of 5-15 km/*** findings from the two trials confirmed that towing speed influences the pressure imparted to the ground and hence compactive *** paper proposes that the energy imparted to the ground is best described in terms of work done,which is the sum of the change in both potential and kinetic *** practice of using either kinetic energy or gravitational potential energy should be avoided as neither can accurately quantify rolling dynamic compaction(RDC)when towing speed is varied.

关键词： Rolling dynamic compaction(RDC) Optimum towing speed Ground improvement

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Highly refractory Archaean peridotite cumulates:Petrology and geochemistry of the Seqi Ultramafic Complex,SW Greenland

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Geoscience Frontiers 2018年第3期9卷 689-714页

作者： Kristoffer Szilas Vincent van Hinsberg Iain mcdonald Tomas Naeraa Hugh Rollinson jacob Adetunji Dennis Bird Department of Geological Sciences Stanford University450 Serra MallStanfordCA 94305USA Department of Earth&Planetary Sciences McGill UniversityQuebecCanada Department of Geology Lund UniversitySovegatan 12223 62 LundSweden School of Earth and Ocean Sciences Cardiff UniversityMain BuildingCardiff CF10 3ATUnited Kingdom College of Science University of DerbyDerbyDE22 1GBUK

This paper investigates the petrogenesis of the Seqi Ultramafic Complex, which covers a total area of approximately 0.5 km^2. The ultramafic rocks are hosted by tonalitic orthogneiss of the ca. 3000 Ma Akia terrane with crosscutting granitoid sheets providing an absolute minimum age of 2978 ± 8 Ma for the Seqi Ultramafic Complex. The Seqi rocks represent a broad range of olivine-dominated plutonic rocks with varying modal amounts of chromite, orthopyroxene and amphibole, i.e. various types of dunite(s.s.),peridotite(s.l.), as well as chromitite. The Seqi Ultramafic Complex is characterised primarily by refractory dunite, with highly forsteritic olivine with core compositions having Mg# ranging from about 91 to 93. The overall high modal contents, as well as the specific compositions, of chromite rule out that these rocks represent a fragment of Earth's mantle. The occurrence of stratiform chromitite bands in peridotite, thin chromite layers in dunite and poikilitic orthopyroxene in peridotite instead supports the interpretation that the Seqi Ultramafic Complex represents the remnant of a fragmented layered complex or a magma conduit, which was subsequently broken up and entrained during the formation of the regional continental *** all of the characteristics of the Seqi Ultramafic Complex points to formation of these highly refractory peridotites from an extremely magnesian(Mg# ~ 80), near-anhydrous magma, as olivinedominated cumulates with high modal contents of chromite. It is noted that the Seqi cumulates were derived from a mantle source by extreme degrees of partial melting(>40%). This mantle source could potentially represent the precursor for the sub-continental lithospheric mantle(SCLM) in this region,which has previously been shown to be ultra-depleted. The Seqi Ultramafic Complex, as well as similar peridotite bodies in the Fiskefjord region, may thus constitute the earliest cumulates that formed during the large-scale melting event(s), which

关键词： North Atlantic Craton Archaean Dunite Platinum-group elements Ultra-depleted mantle Fiskefjord

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An exploratory pilot of factors associated with premenstrual syndrome in minority women

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International journal of Nursing Sciences 2015年第2期2卷 118-122页

作者： Mallory Perry Michelle judge Danielle Millar Deborah mcdonald University of Connecticut School of Nursing StorrsCT 06269-4026USA

Purpose:This investigation explored factors associated with premenstrual syndrome(PMS)in minority women,and compared the response of minority and non-minority women supplemented with omega-3 fatty acids(FA)in the form of fish ***:This descriptive,correlational,retrospective pilot was a secondary data *** consuming 2 g of fish oil/d(n=15)in the larger study were *** Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire(MMDQ)was assessed monthly for two months to acquire a mean baseline MMDQ *** total sample was stratified to evaluate racial variations in PMS symptoms(non-minority,n=7;minority,n=8).MMDQ score at 5 months was compared to the mean baseline score within each ***:Fish oil supplementation significantly reduced PMS symptoms in both groups(nonminority p=0.002;minority p=0.046)with a large effect of 1.4 for both *** MMDQ total scores were not significantly different between groups at 5 ***:This pilot evidence of improved PMS symptoms in minority and non-minority groups related to fish oil supplementation supports a universal treatment approach and highlights need for a larger-scale investigation.

关键词： Omega-3 fatty acids Fish oil Premenstrual syndrome Minority

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The sound of blood:photoacoustic imaging in blood analysis

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Medicine in Novel Technology and Devices 2023年第2期18卷 13-23页

作者： mitchell Veverka Luca Menozzi junjie Yao Duke University Hospital System United States Duke University United States

Blood analysis is a ubiquitous and critical aspect of modern *** blood samples requires invasive techniques,various testing systems,and samples are limited to relatively small *** imaging(PAI)is a novel imaging modality that utilizes non-ionizing energy that shows promise as an alternative to current *** paper seeks to review current applications of PAI in blood analysis for clinical ***,we discuss obstacles to implementation and future directions to overcome these ***,we discuss three applications to cellular analysis of blood:sickle cell,bacteria,and circulating tumor cell *** then discuss applications to the analysis of blood plasma,including glucose detection and anticoagulation *** such,we hope this article will serve as inspiration for PAI's potential application in blood analysis and prompt further studies to ultimately implement PAI into clinical practice.

关键词： Photoacoustic imaging Blood analysis Pathogen detection Analytes Photoacoustic flow cytometry Novel diagnostic technique

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Anisotropic scaffolds for peripheral nerve and spinal cord regeneration

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Bioactive Materials 2021年第11期6卷 4141-4160页

作者： Wen Xue Wen Shi Yunfan Kong mitchell Kuss Bin Duan Mary&Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNEUSA Division of Cardiology Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNEUSA Department of Surgery University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNEUSA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNEUSA

The treatment of long-gap(>10 mm)peripheral nerve injury(PNI)and spinal cord injury(SCI)remains a continuous challenge due to limited native tissue regeneration *** current clinical strategy of using autografts for PNI suffers from a source shortage,while the pharmacological treatment for SCI presents dissatisfactory *** engineering,as an alternative,is a promising approach for regenerating peripheral nerves and spinal *** providing a beneficial environment,a scaffold is the primary element in tissue *** particular,scaffolds with anisotropic structures resembling the native extracellular matrix(ECM)can effectively guide neural outgrowth and *** this review,the anatomy of peripheral nerves and spinal cords,as well as current clinical treatments for PNI and SCI,is first *** overview of the critical components in peripheral nerve and spinal cord tissue engineering and the current status of regeneration approaches are also *** advances in the fabrication of anisotropic surface patterns,aligned fibrous substrates,and 3D hydrogel scaffolds,as well as their in vitro and in vivo effects are ***,we summarize potential mechanisms underlying the anisotropic architectures in orienting axonal and glial cell growth,along with their challenges and prospects.

关键词： Tissue engineering Topography Alignment Surface pattern Hydrogel

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NF-E2:a Novel Regulator of Alpha-hemoglobin Stabilizing Protein Gene Expression

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Chinese Medical Sciences journal 2010年第4期25卷 193-198页

作者： Guo-wei Zhao Rui-feng Yang Xiang Lu mitchell j. Weiss De-pei Liu Chih-chuan Liang National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences ＆ Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100005 China Children＇s Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia 19104 PA USA

Objective To investigate whether α-hemoglobin stabilizing protein (AHSP), the α-globin-specific molecular chaperone, is regulated by erythroid transcription factor NF-E2. Methods We established the stable cell line with NF-E2p45 (the larger subunit of NF-E2) short hairpin RNA to silence its expression. Western blot, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis were performed to detect the expression of AHSP, the histone modifications at AHSP gene locus, and the binding of GATA-1 at the AHSP promoter with NF-E2p45 deficiency. ChIP was also carried out in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-induced DS19 cells and estrogen-induced G1E-ER4 cells to examine NF-E2 binding to the AHSP gene locus and its changes during cell erythroid differentiation. Finally, luciferase assay was applied in HeLa cells transfected with AHSP promoter fragments to examine AHSP promoter activity in the presence of exogenous NF-E2p45. Results We found that AHSP expression was highly dependent on NF-E2p45. NF-E2 bound to the regions across AHSP gene locus in vivo, and the transcription of AHSP was transactivated by exogenous NF-E2p45. In addition, we observed the decrease of H3K4 trimethylation and GATA-1 occupancy at the AHSP gene locus in NF-E2p45-deficient cells. Restoration of GATA-1 in G1E-ER4 cells in turn led to increased DNA binding of NF-E2p45. Conclusion NF-E2 may play an important role in AHSP gene regulation, providing new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the erythroid-specific expression of AHSP as well as new possibilities for β-thalassemia treatment.

关键词： α-hemoglobin stabilizing protein NF-E2 erythropoiesis GATA-1 H3K4 trimethylation

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