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Landscape Genetics of Plants: Challenges and Opportunities

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Plant Communications 2020年第6期1卷 43-57页

作者： mitchell B.Cruzan Elizabeth C.Hendrickson Department of Biology Portland State UniversityPO Box 751PortlandOR 97207USA

Dispersal is one of the most important but least understood processes in plant ecology and evolutionary *** of seeds maintains and establishes populations,and pollen and seed dispersal are responsible for gene flow within and among *** views of dispersal and gene flow assume models that are governed solely by geographic distance and do not account for variation in dispersal vector behavior in response to heterogenous *** genetics integrates population genetics with Geographic Information Systems(GIS)to evaluate the effects of landscape features on gene flow patterns(effective dispersal).Surprisingly,relatively few landscape genetic studies have been conducted on *** present advantages because their populations are stationary,allowing more reliable estimates of the effects of landscape features on effective dispersal *** the other hand,plant dispersal is intrinsically complex because it depends on the habitat preferences of the plant and its pollen and seed dispersal *** discuss strategies to assess the separate contributions of pollen and seed movement to effective dispersal and to delineate the effects of plant habitat quality from those of landscape features that affect vector *** analyses of seed dispersal for three species indicate that isolation by landscape resistance is a better predictor of the rates and patterns of dispersal than geographic *** of effective dispersal are lower in areas of high plant habitat quality,which may be due to the effects of the shape of the dispersal kernel or to movement behaviors of biotic *** genetic studies in plants have the potential to provide novel insights into the process of gene flow among populations and to improve our understanding of the behavior of biotic and abiotic dispersal vectors in response to heterogeneous landscapes.

关键词： effective dispersal cpDNA ResistanceGA Circuitscape geographic information systems(GIS) ecological niche modeling(ENM)

Dichotomy in crustal melting on early Mars inferred from antipodal effect

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The Innovation 2022年第5期3卷 107-113页

作者： Lei Zhang jinhai Zhang Ross N.mitchell Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Innovation Academy for Earth Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

The Martian crustal dichotomy(MCD)between the southern highlands and the northern lowlands is the planet’s most ancient crustal structure,but its origins and evolution remain *** of the MCD comes largely from present-day and shallow crustal *** ancient and deeper constraints,hypotheses for the origin of the MCD range from an early giant impact,partial melting from sustained mantle convection,or some *** investigate with seismological modeling the best-preserved case of the“antipodal effect”-energy from an impact that concentrates and induces uplift and fracturing promoting volcanism at its antipode-the Hellas crater and the Alba Patera volcano on Mars.

关键词： crustal shallow mantle

Fibre Treatment Uniformity in Pulp Refining

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Paper And Biomaterials 2018年第3期3卷 1-6页

作者： Richard j.Kerekes j.David mcdonald Pulp and Paper Centre The University of British ColumbiaVancouverV6T 1Z4Canada jDMcD Consulting Inc. Vaudreuil-DorionQuebecJ7V 0G1Canada

This paper explores implications of previous work which suggested that pulp refining is achieved by a small number of *** a consequence,the purpose of multiple bar crossings in refiners is to expose many fibres to a few effective cycles,not to impose many cycles on each *** on this postulate,tensile strength increase was found to be well described by a cumulative probability equation having two parameters:(a) number of bar crossings and(b) probability of a successful refining outcome at each *** this paper,this concept further with additional refiner data was explored and the link between the probability term and measurable refiner variables was *** proposing the possibility,these two parameters may be a desirable alternative to specific energy and specific edge load for characterizing refining action.

关键词： pulp refining refining uniformity tensile strength refining characterization

Investigation of HCAR2 antagonists as a potential strategy to modulate bovine leukocytes

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第4期15卷 1567-1577页

作者： Laman K.Mamedova Kirby C.Krogstad Paiton O.mcdonald Laxman Pokhrel Duy H.Hua Evan C.Titgemeyer Barry j.Bradford Department of Animal Science Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan 48824USA Department of Animal Sciences and Industry Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology East LansingMI 48824USA Department of Chemistry Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA

Background Dairy cows experiencing ketosis after calving suffer greater disease incidence and are at greater risk of leaving the herd. In vitro administration of beta-hydroxybutyric acid(BHBA;the primary blood ketone) has inhibitory effects on the function of bovine leukocytes. BHBA is a ligand of HCAR2 and the activation of these receptors promotes an anti-inflammatory response which may be related with immunosuppression observed in transition dairy cattle. The objective of this study was to identify and test antagonists for HCAR2 in bovine immune cells cultured with *** We observed expression of HCAR2 at the protein level within lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes. The proportion of cells expressing HCAR2 tended to be greater in mid-lactation compared to early lactation cows;the increase was a result of increased proportion of T and B cells expressing HCAR2. Stimulation of HCAR2 with niacin or BHBA promoted Ca^(2+) mobilization in neutrophils and mononuclear cells. Mononuclear cells treated with BHBA had diminished intracellular Ca^(2+) responses when HCAR2 was knocked down by si RNA silencing, indicating Ca^(2+) mobilization was mediated by HCAR2 signaling. Two candidate antagonists for HCAR2, synthesized from niacin(NA-1 and NA-5), were tested;monocytes and neutrophils pre-treated with NA-1 and NA-5 had reduced Ca^(2+) mobilization after incubation with BHBA. Furthermore, NA-5 but not NA-1 prevented BHBA-associated reductions in cyclic *** We demonstrated that HCAR2 is present on bovine leukocytes and has greater expression later in lactation. We confirmed that BHBA and niacin derived HCAR2 antagonists alter bovine leukocyte activity. Our results demonstrate that both BHBA and niacin affect bovine leukocyte Ca^(2+) mobilization in a HCAR2-dependent manner.

关键词： Flow cytometry GPR109A HM74A Ketosis

Any alternatives to rice? Ethnobotanical insights into the dietary use of edible plants by the Higaonon tribe in Bukidnon Province, the Philippines

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Regional Sustainability 2022年第2期3卷 95-109页

作者： Dave Paladin BUENAVISTA Eefke Maria MOLLEE Morag mcdonald Department of Biology Central Mindanao UniversityUniversity TownMaramag8714the Philippines School of Natural Sciences Bangor UniversityBangorLL572DGUnited Kingdom

Though considered an agricultural country,the Philippines is the world’s largest importer of *** persistent problem of insufficient rice supply,however,has been exacerbated by economic crises and natural ***,for the Higaonon tribe in Bukidnon Province,the Philippines,the rich agrobiodiversity and wild edible plants are vital for food security and resilience since the mountainous terrain in this province presents a challenge for rice *** gain insight from the indigenous edible plant knowledge of the Higaonon tribe,we conducted an ethnobotanical research to document the diversity,utilization,and biocultural refugia of both cultivated and wild edible plants.A total of 76 edible plant species belonging to 62 genera and 36 botanical families were *** most represented botanical families included the Fabaceae,Solanaceae,and *** terms of dietary usage,3 species were categorized as cereals;8 species were white roots,tubers,and plantains;3 species were vitamin A-rich vegetables and tubers;16 species were green leafy vegetables;12 species were categorized as other vegetables;2 species were vitamin A-rich fruits;27 species were classified as other fruits;7 species were legumes,nuts,and seeds;and 8 species were used as spices,condiments,and *** the statistical software R with ethnobotanyR package,we further calculated the ethnobotanical indices(use-report(UR),use-value(UV),number of use(NU),and fidelity level(FL))from 1254 URs in all 9 food *** species with the highest UV and UR were from a variety of nutrient-rich edible plants such as Ipomoea batatas(L.)Lam.,Musa species,Colocasia esculenta(L.)Schott,Zea mays L.,and Manihot esculenta *** extensive utilization of root and tuber crops along with corn and plantain that contain a higher amount of energy and protein,carbohydrates,minerals,and vitamins were shown to be an important nutrient-rich alternatives to *** males appeared to be more

关键词： Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs) Food security Neglected and underutilized species Indigenous peoples Ethnobotany Nutrition The Philippines

大白鼠扣带回3区向杏仁体及其他核群的纤维投射——菜豆白细胞凝集素顺行示踪研究

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解剖学报 1991年第3期22卷 254-259,T006,7页

作者：郭连魁 A.j.mcdonald 山西医学院解剖学教研室太原0300001 美国南卡罗来纳大学医学院解剖系

本文用菜豆自细胞凝集素免疫组织化学顺行示踪技术,观察大白鼠扣带回3区(Cg3)向皮质下核团的纤维投射。其投射区自前向后主要有:伏核、尾壳核内侧1/3、终纹床核、外侧视前区、带旁核、丘脑前内侧核、背内侧核、前室旁核、网状核、外侧... 详细信息

本文用菜豆自细胞凝集素免疫组织化学顺行示踪技术,观察大白鼠扣带回3区(Cg3)向皮质下核团的纤维投射。其投射区自前向后主要有:伏核、尾壳核内侧1/3、终纹床核、外侧视前区、带旁核、丘脑前内侧核、背内侧核、前室旁核、网状核、外侧缰核、后室旁核、束旁核及丘脑筛状核等。在丘脑下方,标记纤维密集于未定带、内囊的内侧边缘区和乳头丘脑束的周围。自这些区域,有纤维投射至下丘脑外侧区。本文着重分析了标记纤维在杏仁体的分布情况,标记纤维密集于基底外侧前核和外侧核的腹内侧亚核。从而证实Cg3皮质的纤维投射参与基底外侧核一边缘系环路,即所谓记忆环路。而杏仁体中央核仅偶见极稀疏的标记纤维。所以我们认为,Cg3皮质未参与“内脏环路”。标记纤维自注射侧经胼胝体膝至对侧半球,其投射区与注射侧的投射区一致,但标记纤维比较稀疏。

关键词：扣带回了区丘脑背内侧核杏仁体

Multinational corporations and infectious disease: Embracing human rights management techniques

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2014年第1期3卷 354-366,353页

作者： Kendyl Salcito Burton H Singer mitchell G Weiss Mirko S Winkler Gary R Krieger Mark Wielga jürg Utzinger Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Swiss Tropical and Public Health InstituteP.O.BoxCH-4002BaselSwitzerland University of Basel P.O.BoxCH-4003BaselSwitzerland NomoGaia 1900 Wazee StreetSuite 303DenverCO 80202USA NewFields LLCDenverCO 80202USA Emerging Pathogens Institute University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32610USA

Background:Global health institutions have called for governments,international organisations and health practitioners to employ a human rights-based approach to infectious *** motivation for a human rights approach is clear:poverty and inequality create conditions for infectious diseases to thrive,and the diseases,in turn,interact with social-ecological systems to promulgate poverty,inequity and *** and intergovernmental organisations should be concerned with the control and elimination of these diseases,as widespread infections delay economic growth and contribute to higher healthcare costs and slower processes for realising universal human *** social determinants and economic outcomes associated with infectious diseases should interest multinational companies,partly because they have bearing on corporate productivity and,increasingly,because new global norms impose on companies a responsibility to respect human rights,including the right to ***:We reviewed historical and recent developments at the interface of infectious diseases,human rights and multinational *** investigation was supplemented with field-level insights at corporate capital projects that were developed in areas of high endemicity of infectious diseases,which embraced rights-based disease control ***:Experience and literature provide a longstanding business case and an emerging social responsibility case for corporations to apply a human rights approach to health programmes at global ***,in an increasingly globalised and interconnected world,multinational corporations have an interest,and an important role to play,in advancing rights-based control strategies for infectious ***:There are new opportunities for governments and international health agencies to enlist corporate business actors in disease control and elimination *** offered by the United Nations in 2011 that is widel

关键词： Infectious diseases Human rights Systems-based interventions Multinational corporations Corporate social responsibility

Doxorubicin-conjugated siRNA lipid nanoparticles for combination cancer therapy

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2023年第4期13卷 1429-1437页

作者： Kamila Butowska Xuexiang Han Ningqiang Gong Rakan El-Mayta Rebecca MHaley Lulu Xue Wenqun Zhong Wei Guo Karin Wang Michael j.mitchell Department of Bioengineering University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology University of Gdańsk&Medical University of GdańskGdańsk 80-307Poland Department of Biology University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Department of Bioengineering Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPA 19122USA Abramson Cancer Center Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Institute for Immunology Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Cardiovascular Institute Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Institute for Regenerative Medicine Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA

Evasion of apoptosis is a hallmark of cancer,attributed in part to overexpression of the antiapoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2).In a variety of cancer types,including lymphoma,Bcl-2 is *** targeting of Bcl-2 has demonstrated efficacy in the clinic and is the subject of extensive clinical testing in combination with ***,the development of co-delivery systems for Bcl-2 targeting agents,such as small interfering RNA(siRNA),and chemotherapeutics,such as doxorubicin(DOX),holds promise for enabling combination cancer *** nanoparticles(LNPs)are a clinically advanced nucleic acid delivery system with a compact structure suitable for siRNA encapsulation and *** by ongoing clinical trials of albumin-hitchhiking doxorubicin prodrugs,here we developed a DOX-siRNA co-delivery strategy via conjugation of doxorubicin to the surface of siRNAloaded *** optimized LNPs enabled potent knockdown of Bcl-2 and efficient delivery of DOX into the nucleus of Burkitts'lymphoma(Raji)cells,leading to effective inhibition of tumor growth in a mouse model of *** on these results,our LNPs may provide a platform for the co-delivery of various nucleic acids and DOX for the development of new combination cancer therapies.

关键词： Lipid nanoparticles Doxorubicin Bcl-2 siRNA delivery Chemotherapy Lymphoma

南非太阳紫外线B曝射量的时空变化:对受威胁分类群的影响

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人类环境杂志 1999年第5期28卷 450-456页

作者： CharlesF.Musil Michael C.Rutherford Leslie W.Powrie David j.mcdonald Lars Olof Bjrn 孙颖 National Botanical Institute Private Bag X7Clarent 7735 National Botanical Institute Private Bag X7Claremont 7735 气候变化科研小组生态及保护出生物保护小组隆德大学植物生理学系北京大学城市与环境学系

南非大阳光中的UV-B(28～315nm)曝射量在空间和时间上的变化是按2.5km^2的分辨率用臭氧、相对湿度、云量及海拔高度数据进行模拟并绘图的。计算机处理的结果显示,UV-B曝射量存在着很大的天然梯度,纬度跨越14度,变化幅度为34.2%,经度跨... 详细信息

南非大阳光中的UV-B(28～315nm)曝射量在空间和时间上的变化是按2.5km^2的分辨率用臭氧、相对湿度、云量及海拔高度数据进行模拟并绘图的。计算机处理的结果显示,UV-B曝射量存在着很大的天然梯度,纬度跨越14度,变化幅度为34.2%,经度跨越16度,UV-B变化幅度为44.2%。对未来UV-B年曝射量情况的模拟显示出其小辐增长的趋势,2003年增加2.5%(臭氧耗减过程的最佳状况);2051年增加8.1%(臭氧耗减过程的最差状况)。值得注意的是,防臭氧耗减,UV-B的年内变率显著增加。2003年深秋(5月)曝射量增加12%,2051年同一季节增加35%。对代表103科468属的2146种受威胁(稀有、濒危、脆弱)生物分析其分类、生活型和机能特征,并将它们的分布与模拟得到的UV-B时空分布型式相比较。我们看到,在受威胁分类群中,常绿和内质的生活型及地下芽植物出现的比例很高,这说明,这些植物时太阳先中UV-B作用的增强有很高的生理修复能力,尽管有些生活型(如树木)的抵抗力显得相对差一些。有些植物机能类型(如一年生本本植物)显示出单位繁殖产出的降低及植物总体适应水平的下降,这些可能会导致物种共存型式、植物组成成分和多样性的改变。

关键词：南非太阳光紫外线B曝射量时空变化植物危害