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Gastrointestinal endoscopy in the pregnant woman

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2014年第5期6卷 156-167页

作者： David Friedel Stavros Stavropoulos Shahzad Iqbal mitchell S cappel Division of Gastroenterology Winthrop Medical Center Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology William Beaumont Hospital Oakland University Wiliiam Beaumont School of Medicine

About 20000 gastrointestinal endoscopies are performed annually in America in pregnant women. Gastrointestinal endoscopy during pregnancy raises the critical issue of fetal safety in addition to patient safety. Endoscopic medications may be potentially abortifacient or teratogenic. Generally, Food and Drug Administration category B or c drugs should be used for endoscopy. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD) seems to be relatively safe for both mother and fetus based on two retrospective studies of 83 and 60 pregnant patients. The diagnostic yield is about 95% when EGD is performed for gastrointestinal bleeding. EGD indications during pregnancy include acute gastrointestinal bleeding, dysphagia > 1 wk, or endoscopic therapy. Therapeutic EGD is experimental due to scant data, but should be strongly considered for urgent indications such as active bleeding. One study of 48 sigmoidoscopies performed during pregnancy showed relatively favorable fetal outcomes, rare bad fetal outcomes, and bad outcomes linked to very sick mothers. Sigmoidoscopy should be strongly considered for strong indications,including significant acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding, chronic diarrhea, distal colonic stricture, suspected inflammatory bowel disease flare, and potential colonic malignancy. Data on colonoscopy during pregnancy are limited. One study of 20 pregnant patients showed rare poor fetal outcomes. colonoscopy is generally experimental during pregnancy, but can be considered for strong indications: known colonic mass/stricture, active lower gastrointestinal bleeding, or colonoscopic therapy. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERcP) entails fetal risks from fetal radiation exposure. ERcP risks to mother and fetus appear to be acceptable when performed for ERcP therapy, as demonstrated by analysis of nearly 350 cases during pregnancy. Justifiable indications include symptomatic or complicated choledocholithiasis, manifested by jaundice, cholangitis, gallstone pancreatitis,

关键词： Gastrointestinal endoscopy Esophagogastroduodenoscopy Flexible sigmoidoscopy colonoscopy Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Teratogenicity Endoscopic indications Endoscopy safety Endoscopic complications Pregnancy

关于奥陶系最上部赫南特(Hirnantian)亚阶全球层型的建议

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地层学杂志 2000年第3期24卷 176-181页

作者：戎嘉余陈旭哈帕尔(D.A.T.Harper) 米切尔(c.E.mitchell) 中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所江苏南京210008 丹麦哥本哈根大学地质博物馆美国纽约州立大学地质系布法罗ny142603050

在对鄂西宜昌王家湾和分乡、黔北桐梓红花园、黔东北松桃陆地坪 4条剖面的相关地层和主要门类化石做了新的无间断采集和重新鉴定笔石和腕足动物这两个重要化石门类的基础上 ,发现奥陶纪最末期—志留纪最早期的完整笔石序列与腕足动物等... 详细信息

在对鄂西宜昌王家湾和分乡、黔北桐梓红花园、黔东北松桃陆地坪 4条剖面的相关地层和主要门类化石做了新的无间断采集和重新鉴定笔石和腕足动物这两个重要化石门类的基础上 ,发现奥陶纪最末期—志留纪最早期的完整笔石序列与腕足动物等新的化石材料 ,初步了解奥陶纪末集群灭绝后生物幸存的基本特征。经过选择 ,特推荐宜昌王家湾公路旁穿越奥陶 -志留纪界线地层剖面作为建立国际赫南特亚阶的首位候选 (leading candidate)层型 ,并推荐桐梓红花园相关剖面作为辅助候选 (auxiliary candidate)层型。对建立全球赫南特亚阶界线层型的基本条件和国外相关剖面的优缺点作了分析。本文所识别的赫南特亚阶相当于两个笔石带 :下部 N ormalograptus ex-traordinarius- ***带和上部 ***带。典型的 H irnantia动物群的整体地质历程为奥陶纪最末期 ,相当于 N ormalograptus extraordinarius- ***带和 ***带的一部分。

关键词：奥陶纪赫南特亚阶层型候选剖面

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青少年领导力

中奥陶统达瑞威尔阶及其全球层型剖面点(GSSP)在中国的确立

2017年

作者： (美)詹姆斯·M·库泽斯(James M. Kouzes)，(美)巴里·Z·波斯纳(Barry Z. posner)

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古生物学报 1997年第4期36卷 423-431页

作者：陈旭 c.E.mitchell 张元动王志浩 S.M.Bergstrm D.Winston F.Paris 中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所纽约州立大学地质系俄亥俄州立大学地质科学系蒙大拿大学地质系罗纳斯大学地层古生物实验室

１９９１年以本文著者等组成的国际工作组，开展了旨在全球范围内确立Ｕｎｄｕｌｏｇｒａｐｔｕｓａｕｓｔｒｏｄｅｎｔａｔｕｓ带之底作为中奥陶统达瑞威尔阶之底的研究。浙江常山黄泥塘剖面被提名为候选界线层型剖面，达瑞威尔阶的... 详细信息

１９９１年以本文著者等组成的国际工作组，开展了旨在全球范围内确立Ｕｎｄｕｌｏｇｒａｐｔｕｓａｕｓｔｒｏｄｅｎｔａｔｕｓ带之底作为中奥陶统达瑞威尔阶之底的研究。浙江常山黄泥塘剖面被提名为候选界线层型剖面，达瑞威尔阶的底以Ｕｎｄｕｌｏｇｒａｐｔｕｓａｕｓｔｒｏｄｅｎｔａｔｕｓ和Ａｒｉｅｎｉｇｒａｐｔｕｓｚｈｅｊｉａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ首次出现为准，这两个种分别代表达瑞威尔阶底部的带和亚带化石。这一地区宁国组灰岩夹层中的牙形刺确定为Ｐａｒｏｉｓｔｏｄｕｓｏｒｉｇｉｎａｌｉｓ带。黄泥塘以及三山地区Ｕ．ａｕｓｔｒｏｄｅｎｔａｔｕｓ带动物群可与澳大利亚、新西兰、北美洲、蒙古、哈萨克斯坦及中国其它地区相当的动物群进行对比。黄泥塘达瑞威尔阶的全球层型剖面点分别于１９９６年７月被国际奥陶系分会、１９９６年１１月被国际地层委员会、１９９７年１月被国际地科联执行局批准。

关键词：中奥陶世全球层型剖面点达瑞威尔阶中国

Biological and Molecular components for Genetically Engineering Biosensors in Plants

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BioDesign Research 2022年第1期2022卷 19-37页

作者： Yang Liu Guoliang Yuan Md MahmudulHassan Paul E.Abraham Julie c.mitchell Daniel Jacobson Gerald A.Tuskan Arjun Khakhar June Medford cheng Zhao chang-Jun Liu carrie A.Eckert Mitchel J.Doktycz Timothy J.Tschaplinski Xiaohan Yang Biosciences Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennessee37831USA The center for Bioenergy Innovation Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennessee37831USA Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding Patuakhali Science and Technology UniversityDumkiPatuakhali8602Bangladesh Departmentof Biology Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsColorado80523USA Shenzhen Branch Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureKey Laboratory of Synthetic BiologyMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese A cademy of Agriculural SciencesShenzhen 518120China Biology Department Brookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNew York 11973USA

Plants adapt to their changing environments by sensing and responding to physical,biological,and chemical *** to their sessile lifestyles,plants experience a vast array of external stimuli and selectively perceive and respond to specific *** repurposing the logic circuitry and biological and molecular components used by plants in nature,genetically encoded plant-based biosensors(GEPBs)have been developed by directing signal recognition mechanisms into carefully assembled outcomes that are easily *** allow for in vivo monitoring of biological processes in plants to facilitate basic studies of plant growth and *** are also useful for environmental monitoring,plant abiotic and biotic stress management,and accelerating design-build-test-learn cycles of plant *** the advent of synthetic biology,biological and molecular components derived from alternate natural organisms(e.g.,microbes)and/or de novo parts have been used to build *** this review,we summarize the framework for engineering different types of *** then highlight representative validated biological components for building plant-based biosensors,along with various applications of plant-based biosensors in basic and applied plant science ***,we discuss challenges and strategies for the identification and design of biological components for plant-based biosensors.

关键词： Plants Molecular monitoring

奥陶系上统赫南特阶全球层型剖面和点位的建立

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地层学杂志 2006年第4期30卷 289-305,T0001-T0002页

作者：陈旭戎嘉余樊隽轩詹仁斌 c.E.mitchell D.A.T.Harper M.J.Melchin 彭平安 S.c.Finney 汪啸风现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所江苏南京210008 纽约州立大学地质系美国纽约ny142603050 哥本哈根大学地质博物馆圣弗朗西斯萨维尔大学地球科学系有机地球化学国家重点实验室中国科学院广州地球化学研究所广东广州510000 加州州立大学地球科学系美国长滩ca90840 国土资源部宜昌地质矿产研究所湖北宜昌443003

赫南特阶(上奥陶统)的全球界线层型剖面和点位确立在中国宜昌王家湾北剖面观音桥层底界之下0.39m处。该剖面位于中国湖北省宜昌市以北42km处的王家湾村,经纬度为30°58′56″N、111°25′10″E。赫南特阶底界的GSSP点位以笔石Normalogra... 详细信息

赫南特阶(上奥陶统)的全球界线层型剖面和点位确立在中国宜昌王家湾北剖面观音桥层底界之下0.39m处。该剖面位于中国湖北省宜昌市以北42km处的王家湾村,经纬度为30°58′56″N、111°25′10″E。赫南特阶底界的GSSP点位以笔石Normalograptusextraordinarius的首次出现层位(FAD)为标志。碳同位素在此层位显示的正漂移以及***的首现可作为第二标志。赫南特阶始于自Diceratograptusmirus亚带开始的全球生物大灭绝事件的主幕之后。王家湾北剖面出露完整,沉积和生物序列连续,笔石和壳相动物化石丰富并保存良好,王家湾北、王家湾南和王家湾小河边剖面都发育了合适的沉积相和生物相并具有广泛对比的潜力。该地区地质构造简单,岩石未经历较强的变质作用,且交通便利。王家湾小河边剖面尤其适合进行化学地层学研究和同位素年龄的测定。建立赫南特阶底界的全球界线层型剖面和点位的提案报告于2004年10月被国际地层委员会奥陶系分会通过,经补充完善后,于2006年2月被国际地层委员会通过,同年5月被国际地科联正式批准。

关键词：奥陶系赫南特阶全球界线层型剖面和点位(GSSP)

Bladder urothelial carcinoma extending to rectal mucosa and presenting with rectal bleeding

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2017年第6期9卷 282-295页

作者： Andrew M Aneese Vinayata Manuballa Mitual Amin mitchell S cappell Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineWilliam Beaumont Hospital Department of Pathology William Beaumont Hospital Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine

An 87-year-old-man with prostate-cancer-stage-T1cGleason-6 treated with radiotherapy in 1996, recurrent prostate cancer treated with leuprolide hormonal therapy in 2009, and bladder-urothelial-carcinoma in situ treated with Bacillus-calmette-Guerin and adriamycin in 2010, presented in 2015 with painless, bright red blood per rectum coating stools daily for 5 mo. Rectal examination revealed bright red blood per rectum; and a hard, fixed, 2.5 cm × 2.5 cm mass at the normal prostate location. The hemoglobin was 7.6 g/d L(iron saturation = 8.4%,indicating iron-deficiency-anemia). AbdominopelviccT-angiography revealed focal wall thickening at the bladder neck; a mass containing an air cavity replacing the normal prostate; and adjacent rectal invasion. colonoscopy demonstrated an ulcerated, oozing, multinodular, friable, 2.5 cm × 2.5 cm mass in anterior rectal wall, at the usual prostate location. Histologic and immunohistochemical analysis of colonoscopic biopsies of the mass revealed poorly-differentiatedcarcinoma of urothelial origin. At visceral angiography, the right-superior-rectal-artery was embolized to achieve hemostasis. The patient subsequently developed multiple new metastases and expired 13 mo postembolization. comprehensive literature review revealed 16 previously reported cases of rectal involvement from bladder urothelial carcinoma, including 11 cases from direct extension and 5 cases from metastases. Patient age averaged 63.7 ± 9.6 years(all patients male). Rectal involvement was diagnosed on average 13.5 ± 11.8 mo after initial diagnosis of bladder urothelial carcinoma. Symptoms included constipation/gastrointestinal obstruction-6, weight loss-5, diarrhea-3, anorexia-3, pencil thin stools-3, tenesmus-2, anorectal pain-2, and other-5. Rectal examination in 9 patients revealed annular rectal constriction-6, and rectal mass-3. The current patient had the novel presentation of daily bright red blood per rectum coating the stools simulating hemorrhoidal bleed

关键词： Bladder cancer Urothelial Uroepitheilal Transitional cell Rectum penetration cancer spread Lower gastrointestinal bleeding colonoscopy

Effects of far-off and close-up transition cow feeding on uterine health,postpartum anestrous interval,and reproductive outcomes in pasture-based dairy cows

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第2期11卷 493-503页

作者： S.Meier J.K.Kay B.Kuhn-Sherlock A.Heiser M.D.mitchell M.A.crookenden M.Vailati Riboni J.J.Loor J.R.Roche DairyNZ Limited Private Bag 3221Hamilton 3240New Zealand AgResearch Hopkirk Research InstituteGrasslands Research CentrePalmerston North 4442New Zealand centre for children’s Health Research Queensland University of TechnologyLevel 662 Graham StreetSouth BrisbaneQueensland 4101Australia DairyNZ Limited c/o University of Auckland3A Symonds StAuckland 1010New Zealand Department of Animal Sciences University of IllinoisUrbana 61801USA Ministry for Primary Industries-ManatūAhu Matua Charles Ferguson TowerPipiteaWellington 6140New Zealand School of Biological Sciences University of AucklandPrivate Bag 92019Auckland 1142New Zealand

Background:In seasonal,pasture-based,dairy production systems,cows must recover from calving and become pregnant within two to 3 *** achieve this,the uterus must involute and ovulation must occur and continue at regular *** these processes are affected by the cows’nutritional or metabolic status post-calving,the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cow feeding strategies on uterine health,the length of postpartum anestrous interval,and reproductive *** treatments consisted of two feeding strategies during late-lactation and early dry period(far-off period;starting 4-month pre-calving)and three close-up dry period feeding regimes(1-month pre-calving)in a 2×3 factorial *** randomly assigned 150 cows to one of two far-off *** late lactation,the herds(n=75 cows per herd)were either control-fed(controlfed)or over-fed(Overfed)to achieve a low or high body condition score(4-month pre-calving;BcS;~4.25 and^4.75;10-point scale)at cessation of *** each of these treatments,three feeding levels were applied during the close-up period(1-month pre-calving):~65%(Feed65),~90%(Feed90),or^120%(Feed120)of metabolizable energy(ME)intakes relative to pre-calving ***:Uterine health improved(***(PMN)cells declined)with increased feeding during the close-up period for cows in the Overfed *** reverse was evident for the controlfed group with the greatest PMN at the highest intakes during the close-up *** postpartum anoestrous interval(PPAI)was shorter in cows from the Overfed group when moderately fed(Feed90)during the close-up period;in comparison,the PPAI was shorter in the controlfed group,when those cows were overfed in the close-up period(Feed120).The cows in the Overfed treatment had greater conception and pregnancy rates if cows had moderate dry matter intakes(Feed90)during the close-up period;these reproductive variables were less under excessive feed inta

关键词： close-up Dairy cows Far-off Reproduction Transition period

Pre-treatment twice with liposomal clodronate protects against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity through a pre-conditioning effect

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Liver Research 2020年第3期4卷 145-152页

作者： Melissa M.clemens Joel H.Vazquez Stefanie Kennon-McGill Sandra S.Mccullough Laura P.James mitchell R.McGill Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology College of MedicineUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockARUSA Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences Graduate SchoolUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockARUSA Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Fay W.Boozman College of Public HealthUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockARUSA Department of Pediatrics College of MedicineUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockARUSA center for Dietary Supplement Research University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockARUSA

Background and aim:Acetaminophen(APAP)overdose is a major cause of acute liver injury,but the role of macrophages in the propagation of the hepatotoxicity is *** research revealed that macrophage inhibitors protect against APAP ***,later work demonstrated that macrophage ablation by acute pre-treatment with liposomal clodronate(Lc)exacerbates the *** our surprise,during other studies,we observed that pre-treatment twice with Lc seemed to protect against APAP hepatotoxicity,in contrast to acute *** aim of this study was to confirm that observation and to explore the ***:We treated mice with empty liposomes(LE)or Lc twice per week for 1 week before APAP overdose and collected blood and liver tissue at 0,2,and 6 h *** then measured liver injury(serum alanine aminotransferase activity,histology),APAP bioactivation(total glutathione,APAP-protein adducts),oxidative stress(oxidized glutathione(GSSG)),glutamate-cysteine ligase subunit c(Gclc)mRNA,and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor(Nrf2)*** also confirmed the ablation of macrophages by F4/80 ***:Pre-treatment twice with Lc dramatically reduced F4/80 staining,protected against liver injury,and reduced oxidative stress at 6 h post-APAP,without affecting APAP ***,Gclc mRNA was higher in the Lc group at 0 h and total glutathione was higher at 2 h,indicating accelerated glutathione re-synthesis after APAP overdose due to greater basal glutamate-cysteine *** stress was lower in the Lc groups at both time ***,total Nrf2 immunofluorescence was higher in the Lc ***:We conclude that multiple pre-treatments with Lc protect against APAP by accelerating glutathione re-synthesis through glutamate-cysteine *** using twice or possibly more Lc pre-treatments to deplete macrophages,including peritoneal macrophages,should be aware of this poss

关键词： Acetaminophen(APAP) Acute liver failure(ALF) Damage-associated molecular patterns(DAMPs) Drug-induced liver injury Liposomal clodronate(Lc) Kupffer cells Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor(Nrf2) Sterile inflammation Stress response