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Advancing the Understanding of Environmental Transformations, Bioavailability and Effects of Nanomaterials, an International US Environmental Protection Agency—UK Environmental Nanoscience Initiative Joint Program

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2018年第4期9卷 385-404页

作者： mitch m.lasat Kian Fan Chung Jamie Lead Steve mcGrath Richard J.Owen Sophie Rocks Jason Unrine Junfeng Zhang Office of Research and Development United States Environmental Protection AgencyWashington DCUSA National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial CollegeLondonUK Centre for Environmental Nanoscience and Risk University of South CarolinaColumbiaUSA University of Birmingham EdgbastonUK Rothamsted Research HarpendenUK Business School University of ExeterExeterUK Institute for Resilient Futures Cranfield UniversityCranfieldUK Department of Plant and Soil Sciences University of KentuckyLexingtonUSA Nicholas School of the Environment Duke UniversityDurhamUSA

Nanotechnology has significant economic, health, and environmental benefits, including renewable energy and innovative environmental solutions. manufactured nanoparticles have been incorporated into new materials and products because of their novel or enhanced properties. These very same properties also have prompted concerns about the potential environmental and human health hazard and risk posed by the manufactured nanomaterials. Appropriate risk management responses require the development of models capable of predicting the environmental and human health effects of the nanomaterials. Development of predictive models has been hampered by a lack of information concerning the environmental fate, behavior and effects of manufactured nanoparticles. The United Kingdom (UK) Environmental Nanoscience Initiative and the United States (US) Environmental Protection Agency have developed an international research program to enhance the knowledgebase and develop risk-predicting models for manufactured nanoparticles. Here we report selected highlights of the program as it sought to maximize the complementary strengths of the transatlantic scientific communities by funding three integrated US-UK consortia to investigate the transformation of these nanoparticles in terrestrial, aquatic, and atmospheric environment. Research results demonstrate there is a functional relationship between the physicochemical properties of environmentally transformed nanomaterials and their effects and that this relationship is amenable to modeling. In addition, the joint transatlantic program has allowed the leveraging of additional funding, promoting transboundary scientific collaboration.

关键词： Aquatic Environment Consumer Products manufactured Nanomaterials Predictive models Terrestrial Ecosystem

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Heterogeneous Cu_(x)O Nano‑Skeletons from Waste Electronics for Enhanced Glucose Detection

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Nano-micro Letters 2024年第11期16卷 554-568页

作者： Yexin Pan Ruohan Yu Yalong Jiang Haosong Zhong Qiaoyaxiao Yuan Connie Kong Wai Lee Rongliang Yang Siyu Chen Yi Chen Wing Yan Poon mitch Guijun Li Center on Smart manufacturing Division of Integrative Systems and DesignThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong Kong SAR 999077People’s Republic of China The Sanya Science and Education Innovation Park of Wuhan University of Technology Sanya 572000People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of New Textile materials and Advanced Processing Technologies Wuhan Textile UniversityWuhan 430200People’s Republic of China

Electronic waste(e-waste)and diabetes are global challenges to modern ***,solving these two challenges together has been challenging until ***,we propose a laser-induced transfer method to fabricate portable glucose sensors by recycling copper from *** bring up a laser-induced full-automatic fabrication method for synthesizing continuous heterogeneous Cu_(x)O(h-Cu_(x)O)nano-skeletons electrode for glucose sensing,offering rapid(min),clean,air-compatible,and continuous fabrication,applicable to a wide range of Cu-containing *** this approach,h-Cu_(x)O nanoskeletons,with an inner core predominantly composed of Cu_(2)O with lower oxygen content,juxtaposed with an outer layer rich in amorphous Cu_(x)O(a-Cu_(x)O)with higher oxygen content,are derived from discarded printed circuit *** employed in glucose detection,the h-Cu_(x)O nano-skeletons undergo a structural evolution process,transitioning into rigid Cu_(2)O@CuO nano-skeletons prompted by electrochemical *** transformation yields exceptional glucose-sensing performance(sensitivity:9.893 mA mm^(-1) cm^(-2);detection limit:0.34μm),outperforming most previously reported glucose *** functional theory analysis elucidates that the heterogeneous structure facilitates gluconolactone *** glucose detection device has also been downsized to optimize its scalability and portability for convenient integration into people’s everyday lives.

关键词： Copper oxide Electron 3D tomography E-waste Glucose detection Electrochemical activation

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Signaling the Future, Cell Phones Gain Limited Satellite-Link Capabilities

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Engineering 2023年第9期28卷 4-6页

作者： mitch Leslie Senior Technology Writer

On 13 December 2022,a couple was driving through the Angeles National Forest near Los Angeles,CA,USA,when their car slid off the road,plowed 100 m down a steep hillside,and landed upside down at the bottom of a canyon[1].Although the couple suffered only minor injuries,they were trapped in the canyon,and in the remote area the passenger could not get any reception on her iPhone 14 cellular ***,she was able to send an SOS through a new feature on the phone that routes such messages via satellites[2].Rescuers alerted to the couple’s location airlifted them out of the canyon later the same day.

关键词： Rescue injuries driving

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Amid Uncertainty for US Nuclear Power, Three mile Island Shuts Down

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Engineering 2020年第1期6卷 4-5页

作者： mitch Leslie 不详

At 3:55 a.m. on 28 march 1979, a noise that sounded like "the biggest jet at an airport" woke a woman living near the Three mile Island nuclear power plant in Pennsylvania. "It shook the windows, the whole house," she recalled [1]. The United States’ worst civilian nuclear accident had begun. "We are still dealing with the consequences," said James miller, a nuclear engineer and professor in the Department of mechanical and Nuclear Engineering at Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond, Virginia.

关键词： dealing consequences Island

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mars Helicopter Exceeds Expectations

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Engineering 2021年第11期7卷 1511-1512页

作者： mitch Leslie 机构不详

On 19 April 2021,its twin rotors stirring the wispy martian atmosphere,Ingenuity,the National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA)miniature helicopter,lifted off the surface of the Red Planet[1].Built by NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California,the 0.5 m tall craft did not perform any fancy *** climbed to an altitude of 3 m,hovered,turned 96,and then *** the 39 s flight was remarkable because it was the first by an aircraft on a planet other than Earth[1].

关键词： lift planet altitude

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Are Small Reactors Nuclear Power’s Next Big Thing?

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Engineering 2020年第3期6卷 210-212页

作者： mitch Leslie 不详

On 9 September 2019,residents of Pevek in northeastern Siberia saw their new nuclear power plant sail into the *** with two reactors,the 144 m long ship Akademik Lomonosov(Fig.1)will provide up to 70 mW of electricity and 50 Gcalh-1(1 cal=4.19002 J)of steam heat to homes and industries in the town and its surroundings[1].Akademik Lomonosov is not just the world’s first floating nuclear power *** is also the first in a new class of reactors known as small modular reactors(SmRs)to go into *** they generate less electricity than their bigger counterparts,SmRs might overcome some of the problems that have plagued full-sized *** say that they will be cheaper to build,more flexible,and safer,and that they could provide a much-needed boost to the nuclear industry[2].

关键词： overcome fitted floating

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Evolution of shoals and vegetation of Jiuduansha in the Changjiang River Estuary of China in the last 30 years

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2020年第8期39卷 71-78页

作者： Fengrun Wu Chunfu Tong mitch Torkelson Yan Wang State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200062China Institute of Eco-Chongming Shanghai 200062China Department of Biology Creighton UniversityOmahaNE 68178USA Shanghai Environmental monitoring Center Shanghai 200235China

The evolution of the shoals and vegetation plays an important role in maintaining the stability of the river regime and the estuarine ecosystem. However, the interaction between the evolution of shoals and vegetation dynamic has rarely been reported. In this study, we determined the interaction between the shoal and vegetation evolution of Jiuduansha in the Changjiang River Estuary in the last 30 years. We did this through the collection and summarization of the existing data of the regional hydrological processes, wading engineering, and vegetation,and combined it with the analysis of nautical charts and remote sensing images. During the past 30 years, the expansion of the shoals within the 0 m isobath in Jiuduansha was obvious, with an increase of 176.5%, while the expansion of the shoals within the 5 m isobath was relatively slow. The regional hydrological characteristics in the Jiuduansha area changed dramatically, especially the sediment discharges. The area of vegetation in Jiuduansha increased from 9.1 km^2 in 1990 to 65.68 km^2 in 2015, while the variations in the different vegetation types were different. The best combination of environmental factors with a significant correlation on the shoals within the 0 m isobath is the area of Spartina alterniflora and Phragmites australis. The evolution of Jiuduansha shoals was significantly affected by the variations in hydrological characteristics. meanwhile, on a long-term scale, the expansion of the shoals could promote the regional vegetation expansions due to the suitable elevation and environmental conditions it provides. The interaction between the shoal and vegetation evolution varied in the different vegetation types and different elevations. In the future, long-term monitoring and detailed data are needed to the systematical analysis of the interaction between the hydrological processes and the evolution of the shoal and vegetation.

关键词： Jiuduansha shoals Changjiang River Estuary vegetation evolution

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首台超级计算机突破百亿亿级计算大关,更多超级计算机有望问世

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Engineering 2023年第4期23卷 10-12页

作者： mitch Leslie Senior Technology Writer

The world’s fastest publicly acknowledged supercomputer,known as Frontier,sprawls across 372 m2 of floor space in a building at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory(ORNL)in Tennessee,USA(Fig.1)[1].In may of 2022,the 269000 kg behemoth became the first computer to cross the so-called exascale barrier and reach a top speed of more than one exaflop,or over one quintillion floating-point operations per second,in the semiannual TOP500 rankings of supercomputer performance[2].maxing out at 1.1 exaflops,Frontier was more than twice as fast as its nearest competitor,and it repeated the feat in November of 2022 in the next TOP500 standings[3,4].

关键词： computer floating operations

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水上太阳能电池板能否引发关注?

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Engineering 2023年第2期21卷 3-5页

作者： mitch Leslie Senior Technology Writer

Some 6300 km of canals crisscross the US state of California to funnel water to its rich farmland and cities such as Los Angeles[1].But visitors who travel through California’s Central Valley starting in 2024 will see something unusual near the city of modesto:Solar panel arrays up to 33 m across covering more than 3 km of the canals snaking through the agricultural area(Fig.1)[2].

关键词：太阳能电池板 farmland travel

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风驰“电”掣,电动竞技赛车冲向未来

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工程(英文) 2023年第5期24卷 10-12,I0001页

作者： mitch Leslie Senior Technology Writer

John metric was shocked the first time he drove his electric dragster,a modified 1984 Pontiac Fiero(Fig.1).metric had swapped the car’s gasoline engine for two electric motors that could generate 1830 N·m of *** he ... 详细信息

关键词： accelerator engine gasoline

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