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Diversifying on the Ark:multiple new endemic lineages of dwarf geckos from the Western Ghats provide insights into the systematics and biogeography of South Asian Cnemaspis(Reptilia:Squamata)

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Zoological Research 2021年第6期42卷 675-691页

作者： Saunak Pal Zeeshan A.mirza Princia Dsouza Kartik Shanker Bombay Natural History Society MumbaiMaharashtra 400001India Centre for Ecological Sciences Indian Institute of ScienceBengaluruKarnataka 560012India National Centre for Biological Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental ResearchBengaluruKarnataka 560065India

The highly speciose gekkonid genus Cnemaspis Strauch,1887 is polyphyletic,with three distantly related and geographically isolated clades from Africa,South Asia(SA),and Southeast *** present,there are 85 known species within SA Cnemaspis,although the number continues to increase rapidly with focused surveys and rigorous taxonomic *** studies have provided valuable insights into the diversity and evolutionary history of SA Cnemaspis;however,most of these studies lack sufficient sampling in the Western Ghats(WG),where the genus has its greatest *** addressed this research gap by conducting extensive sampling across the WG and re-examining museum specimens,thus providing a systematic account of various extant Cnemaspis species along with their distribution and natural *** described 12 new species and a southern WG endemic clade of SA *** of the newly described species are endemic to the forests of the southern *** also identified 10 well-supported subclades that can be separated across morphological,geographic,and phylogenetic axes.A time-calibrated phylogeny and ancestral area reconstructions confirmed the Paleocene origin of SA Cnemaspis in the WG and provide insights into its evolutionary history and *** discovery of multiple endemic and deeply divergent lineages further highlights the evolutionary significance of the WG for lizards.

关键词： Biogeography Cnemaspis Dwarf geckos Molecular phylogeny New species Osteology South Asia Systematics Western Ghats

Dock-able linear and homodetic di, tri, tetra and pentapeptide library from canonical amino acids: SARS-CoV-2 Mpro as a case study

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2023年第5期13卷 523-534页

作者： Sarfraz Ahmad Muhammad Usman mirza John F.Trant Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of WindsorWindsor N9B 3P4OntarioCanada Binary Star Research Services LaSalle N9J 3X8OntarioCanada

Peptide-based therapeutics are increasingly pushing to the forefront of biomedicine with their promise of high specificity and low *** noncanonical residues can always be used,employing only the natural 20 residues restricts the chemical space to a finite dimension allowing for comprehensive in silico *** this goal,the dataset comprising all possible di-,tri-,and tetra-peptide combinations of the canonical residues has been previously ***,with increasing computational power,the comprehensive set of pentapeptides is now also feasible for screening as the comprehensive set of cyclic peptides comprising four or five ***,we provide both the complete and prefiltered libraries of all di-,tri-,tetra-,and penta-peptide sequences from 20 canonical amino acids and their homodetic(N-to-C-terminal)cyclic *** FASTA,simplified molecular-input line-entry system(SMILES),and structure-data file(SDF)-three dimension(3D)libraries can be readily used for screening against protein *** also provide a simple method and tool for conducting identity-based *** to this dataset will accelerate small peptide screening workflows and encourage their use in drug discovery *** a case study,the developed library was screened against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)main protease to identify potential small peptide inhibitors.

关键词： Dipeptides Tripeptides Tetrapeptides Pentapeptides N-to-C-terminal cyclic peptides Peptide library

Influence of thyroid volume reduction on absorbed dose in ^(131)I therapy studied by using Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation

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Chinese Physics C 2014年第5期38卷 62-68页

作者： Ziaur Rahman Sikander M mirza Waheed Arshed Nasir M mirza Waheed Ahmed Health Physics Division Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology Department of Physics and Applied Mathematics Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences

A simulation study has been performed to quantify the effect of volume reduction on the thyroid absorbed dose per decay and to investigate the variation of energy deposition per decay due to β- and γ-activity of 131I with volume/mass of thyroid, for water, ICRP- and ICRU-soft tissue taken as thyroid material. A Monte Carlo model of the thyroid, in the Geant4 radiation transport simulation toolkit was constructed to compute the β- and γ-absorbed dose in the simulated thyroid phantom for various values of its volume. The effect of the size and shape of the thyroid on energy deposition per decay has also been studied by using spherical, ellipsoidal and cylindrical models for the thyroid and varying its volume in 1-25 cm3 range. The relative differences of Geant4 results for different models with each other and MCNP results lie well below 1.870%. The maximum relative difference among the Geant4 estimated results for water with ICRP and ICRU soft tissues is not more than 0.225%. S-values for ellipsoidal, spherical and cylindrical thyroid models were estimated and the relative difference with published results lies within 3.095%. The absorbed fraction values for beta particles show a good agreement with published values within 2.105% deviation. The Geant4 based simulation results of absorbed fractions for gammas again show a good agreement with the corresponding MCNP and EGS4 results （±6.667%） but have 29.032% higher values than that of MIRD calculated values. Consistent with previous studies, the reduction of the thyroid volume is found to have a substantial effect on the absorbed dose. Geant4 simulations confirm dose dependence on the volume/mass of thyroid in agreement with MCNP and EGS4 computed values but are substantially different from MIRD8 data. Therefore, inclusion of size/mass dependence is indicated for 131I radiotherapy of the thyroid.

关键词： mean absorbed dose rate Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation and 131I therapy

Deep Learning Framework for Precipitation Prediction Using Cloud Images

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第8期72卷 4201-4213页

作者： mirza Adnan Baig Ghulam Ali Mallah Noor Ahmed Shaikh Shah Abdul Latif University Khairpur77150Pakistan

Precipitation prediction(PP)have become one of the significant research areas of deep learning(DL)and machine vision(MV)techniques are frequently used to predict the weather variables(WV).Since the climate change has left significant impact upon weather variables(WV)and continuously changes are observed in temperature,humidity,cloud patterns and other *** cloud images contain sufficient information to predict the precipitation pattern but due to changes in climate,the complex cloud patterns and rapid shape changing behavior of clouds are difficult to consider for rainfall *** of rainfall would provide more meticulous assistance to the farmers to know about the weather conditions and to care their cash *** research proposes a framework to classify the dark cloud patterns(DCP)for prediction of *** framework consists upon three steps to classify the cloud images,first step tackles noise reduction operations,feature selection and preparation of *** step construct the decision model by using convolutional neural network(CNN)and third step presents the performance visualization by using confusion matrix,precision,recall and accuracy *** research contributes(1)real-world clouds datasets(2)method to prepare datasets(3)highest classification accuracy to predict estimated as 96.90%.

关键词： Machine vision SIFT features dark cloud patterns precipitation agriculture

Linear and non-linear approaches to predict the Darcy-Weisbach friction factor of overland flow using the extreme learning machine approach

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2018年第4期33卷 415-432页

作者： Kiyoumars Roushangar Saba mirza Alipour Dominique Mouaze Division of Hydraulics Department of Civil Engineering University of Tabriz Morphodynamic Laboratory University of Caen

In modeling of overland flow and erosion, the overland flow friction factor(f), is a crucial factor. Due to the importance of a good understanding of f and its variability, the current study aimed to investigate the capability of non-linear approaches to estimate the Darcy-Weisbach friction factor of overland flow and its components(sediment transport, wave, form, and grain friction factors) through the Extreme Learning Machine(ELM) approach. Four datasets were used herein which were obtained from flume experiments done by different researchers. In order to investigate the effects of different parameters on the friction factor, numerous models consisting of various parameters were utilized to predict the friction factor using the ELM approach. The modeling procedure was established in two stages; the first stage aimed to model the overland flow friction factor and investigate the effect of the different parameters on the friction factor using non-linear separation via the ELM approach. In the second stage, the friction factor was linearly separated into different types of friction factors and then the separate components were estimated. Sensitivity analysis results confirmed the key role of Froude number(Fr) values for most of the models. On the other hand, the results obtained for estimated values of the friction factor were acceptable and outperformed available empirical approaches.

关键词： Overland flow Extreme Learning Machine(ELM) Friction factor Sediment transport friction factor Wave friction factor Grain friction factor Form friction factor

Ab-Induced Insulin Resistance and the Effects of Insulin on the Cholesterol Synthesis Pathway and Ab Secretion in Neural Cells

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2016年第3期32卷 227-238页

作者： Dema Najem Michelle Bamji-mirza Ze Yang Wandong Zhang Faculty of Medicine University of Ottawa Human Health Therapeutics National Research Council of Canada Beijing Hospital Institute of Geriatrics-Chinese Health Ministry

Alzheimer＇s disease（AD） is characterized by amyloid-b（Ab） toxicity,tau pathology,insulin resistance,neuroinflammation,and dysregulation of cholesterol homeostasis,all of which play roles in *** has polytrophic effects on neurons and may be at the center of these pathophysiological *** this study,we investigated possible relationships among insulin signaling and cholesterol biosynthesis,along with the effects of Ab42 on these pathways in *** found that neuroblastoma 2a（N2a） cells transfected with the human gene encoding amyloid-b protein precursor（Ab PP）（N2aAb PP） produced Ab and exhibited insulin resistance by reduced p-Akt and a suppressed cholesterol-synthesis pathway following insulin treatment,and by increased phosphorylation of insulin receptor subunit-1 at serine 612（p-IRS-S612） as compared to parental N2 a *** of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5 Y cells with Ab42 also increased p-IRS-S612,suggesting that Ab42 is responsible for insulin *** insulin resistance was alleviated when N2a-Ab PP cells were treated with higher insulin *** increased Ab release from N2 aAb PP cells,by which it may promote Ab *** increased cholesterol-synthesis gene expression in SHSY5 Y and N2 a cells,including 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase（DHCR24） and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-Co A reductase（HMGCR） through sterol-regulatory element-binding protein-2（SREBP2）.While Ab42-treated SH-SY5 Y cells exhibited increased HMGCR expression and c-Jun phosphorylation as pro-inflammatory responses,they also showed down-regulation of neuro-protective/antiinflammatory *** results suggest that Ab42 may cause insulin resistance,activate JNK for c-Jun phosphorylation,and lead to dysregulation of cholesterol homeostasis,and that enhancing insulin signaling may relieve the insulin-resistant phenotype and the dysregulated cholesterol-synthesis pathway to promote Ab release for clearance from neural cells.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease Insulin resistance Ab peptides Insulin signaling Cholesterol synthesis pathway Pro-inflammatory response

Human neural stem cell transplants to address multiple pathologies associated with traumatic brain injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第10期14卷 1699-1700页

作者： Helene Clervius mirza Baig Anil Mahavadi Shyam Gajavelli University of Miami Miller School of Medicine

Traumatic brain injury (TBI), an unmet need: TBI is an alteration in brain function caused by an external force with evidence of brain pathology. It could be from a bump, blow, blast or jolt to the head including penetrating the cranium. TBI is a public health concern worldwide due to its economic impact. Most TBIs are survivable, do not need hospitalization but may influence productivity. A smaller percentage of TBI due to falls or penetrating TBI (PTBI) needs hospitalization and accounts for largest fraction of TBI care costs.

关键词： Traumatic brain injury(TBI) function caused by an external largest fraction of TBI care costs

Manufacturing feature-based cost estimation of cast parts

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China Foundry 2018年第6期15卷 464-469页

作者： Muhammad Sajid Ahmad Wasim Salman Hussain mirza Jahanzaib Department of Industrial Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila Pakistan 47050

Seventy percent of new product cost is committed in the design phase. Therefore, the cost needs to be minimized. Incorporating accurate cost estimation capabilities into manufacturing processes can help industries to minimize the cost and optimize the design. The casting process has been employed as a key process to manufacture parts having the advantage of low cost and customized products in foundry industry. This paper presents a cost estimation system for the casting process based on the design features, which incorporates the casting information at the design stage of castings. It aims to deliver the best cost-effective choice for casting design features of a product. Two kinds of knowledge, namely economical knowledge(describing the relation between the casting design considerations and the cost) and technical knowledge(involving the material of the casting features) were structured in this research work. On the basis of the minimum product cost, casting material selection can be carried out in detail. The developed system has been validated through an industrial case study.

关键词： cost estimation model casting process design features

Validation and calibration of various reference evapotranspiration alternative methods under the climate conditions of Bosnia and Herzegovina

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2017年第4期5卷 309-324页

作者： SabrijaČadro mirza Uzunović JasminkaŽurovec OgnjenŽurovec Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences(PPF) University of Sarajevo(UNSA)Bosnia and Herzegovina Norwegian University of Life Sciences(NMBU) Norway

In Bosnia and Herzegovina(BiH),the number of weather stations(WS)that are monitoring all climatic parameters required for FAO-56 Penman-Monteith(FAO-PM)equation is *** fact,it is of great need and importance to achieve the possibility of calculating reference evapotranspiration(ET_(0))for every WS in BiH(around 150),regardless of the number of climate parameters which they *** this problem is possible by using alternative equations that require less climatological data for reliable estimation of daily and monthly *** main objective of this study was to validate and determine,compared to the FAO-PM method,a suitable and reliable alternative ET0 equations that are requiring less input data and have a simple calculation procedure,with a special focus on Thornthwaite and Turc as methods previously often used in *** fulfill this objective,12 alternative ET0 calculation methods and 21 locally adjusted versions of same equations were validated against FAO-PM ET0 *** climatic data,recorded at sixteen WS,including mean maximum and minimum air temperature(°C),precipitation(mm),minimum and maximum relative humidity(%),wind speed(m s^(−1))and sunshine hours(h)for the period 1961–2015(55 years)were collected and averaged over each *** types of statistical indicators:the determination coefficient(R^(2)),mean bias error(MBE),the variance of the distribution of differences(sd^(2)),the root mean square difference(RMSD)and the mean absolute error(MAE)were used to assess alternative ET_(0) equation *** results,confirmed by various statistical indicators,shows that the most suitable and reliable alternative equation for monthly ET0 calculation in BiH is the locally adjusted Trajkovic *** Hargreaves-Samani method was the second best performing *** two most frequently used ET_(0) calculation methods in BiH until now,Thornthwaite and Turc,were ranked low.

关键词： Reference Evapotranspiration Limited data FAO-56 Penman-Monteith Calibration Thornthwaite