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Recent advances and perspectives towards emission inventories of mobile sources:Compilation approaches,data acquisition methods,and case studies

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第1期123卷 460-475页

作者： Han Jiang Hefeng Zhang mingliang fu Zhihui Huang Hong Ni Hang Yin Yan Ding State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China Vehicle Emission Control Center of Ministry of Ecology and Environment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China

In recent years,great efforts have been devoted to reducing emissions from mobile sources with the dramatic growth of motor vehicle and nonroad mobile source *** of a mobile source emission inventory is conducive to the analysis of pollution emission characteristics and the formulation of emission reduction *** study summarizes the latest compilation approaches and data acquisition methods for mobile source emission *** motor vehicles,a high-resolution emission inventory can be developed based on a bottom-up approach with a refined traffic flow model and real-world speed-coupled emission *** top-down approach has advantages when dealing with macroscale vehicle emission estimation without substantial traffic flow *** nonroad mobile sources,nonroad machinery,inland river ships,locomotives,and civil aviation aircraft,a top-down approach based on fuel consumption or power is *** ocean-going ships,a bottom-up approach based on automatic identification system(AIS)data is *** typical cases are studied,including emission reduction potential,a cost-benefit model,and marine shipping emission *** and suggestions are given on future research directions for emission inventories for mobile sources:building localized emission models and factor databases,improving the dynamic updating capability of emission inventories,establishing a database of emission factors of unconventional pollutants and greenhouse gas from mobile sources,and establishing an urban high temporalspatial resolution volatile organic compound(VOC)evaporation emission inventory.

关键词： Emission inventory Mobile source Emission factor Emission control policy

Vehicular volatile organic compounds losses due to refueling and diurnal process in China: 2010–2050

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第7期27卷 88-96页

作者： Xiaofan Yang Huan Liu Hongyang Cui Hanyang Man mingliang fu Jiming Hao Kebin He School of Environment State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Tsinghua University State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality

Volatile organic compounds（VOCs） are crucial to control air pollution in major Chinese cities since VOCs are the dominant factor influencing ambient ozone level, and also an important precursor of secondary organic aerosols. Vehicular evaporative emissions have become a major and growing source of VOC emissions in China. This study consists of lab tests, technology evaluation, emissions modeling, policy projections and cost-benefit analysis to draw a roadmap for China for controlling vehicular evaporative emissions. The analysis suggests that evaporative VOC emissions from China＇s light-duty gasoline vehicles were approximately 185,000 ton in 2010 and would peak at 1,200,000 ton in 2040 without control. The current control strategy implemented in China, as shown in business as usual（BAU） scenario, will barely reduce the long-term growth in emissions. Even if Stage II gasoline station vapor control policies were extended national wide（BAU ＋ extended Stage II）, there would still be over 400,000 ton fuel loss in 2050. In contrast, the implementation of on-board refueling vapor recovery（ORVR） on new cars could reduce 97.5% of evaporative VOCs by 2050（BAU ＋ ORVR/BAU ＋ delayed ORVR）. According to the results, a combined Stage II and ORVR program is a comprehensive solution that provides both short-term and long-term benefits. The net cost to achieve the optimal total evaporative VOC control is approximately 62 billion CNY in 2025 and 149 billion CNY in 2050.

关键词： Evaporative VOC emissions China roadmap Vehicle Refueling emission control

Emission characteristics of offshore fishing ships in the Yellow Bo Sea, China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第3期30卷 83-91页

作者： Yingshuai Liu Yunshan Ge Jianwei Tan mingliang fu Asad Naeem Shah Luqiang Li Zhe Ji Yan Ding National Lab of Auto Performance and Emission Test School of Mechanical and Vehicular Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing Beijing 100081 China State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 10084 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084 China Collaborative Innovation Centre for Regional Environmental Quality Beijing 100084 China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Engineering and Technology Lahore 54000 Pakistan Vehicle Emission Control Center Ministry of Environmental Protection Beijing 100012 China

Maritime transport has been playing a decisive role in global trade. Its contribution to the air pollution of the sea and coastal areas has been widely recognized. The air pollutant emission inventories of several harbors in China have already been established. However,the emission factors of local ships have not been addressed comprehensively, and thus are lacking from the emission inventories. In this study, on-board emission tests of eight diesel-powered offshore fishing ships were conducted near the coastal region of the northern Yellow Bo Sea fishing ground of Dalian, China. Results show that large amounts of fine particles（ 0.5 μm, 90%） were found in maneuvering mode, which were about five times higher than those during cruise mode. Emission rates as well as emission factors based on both distance and fuel were determined during the cruise and maneuvering modes（including departure and arrival）. Average emission rates and distance-based emission factors of CO, HC and PM were much higher during the maneuvering mode as compared with the cruise mode. However, the average emission rate of Nitrous Oxide（NOx） was higher during the cruise mode as compared with the maneuvering modes. On the contrary, the average distance-based emission factors of NOxwere lower during the cruise mode relative to the maneuvering mode due to the low sailing speed of the latter.

关键词： Marine Offshore fishing ship Emission factor PEMS Operating modes

On-road pollutant emission and fuel consumption characteristics of buses in Beijing

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第3期23卷 419-426页

作者： Aijuan Wang Yunshan Ge Jianwei Tan mingliang fu Asad Naeem Shah Yan Ding Hong Zhao Bin Liang National Lab of Auto Performance & Emission Test Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Engineering and Technology Lahore 54000 Pakistan Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China College of Mechanical & Electronic Engineering Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 China Beijing Automotive Research Institute Co. Ltd. Beijing 100079 China

On-road emission and fuel consumption （FC） levels for Euro Ⅲ and Ⅳ buses fueled on diesel and compressed natural gas （CNG） were compared, and emission and FC characteristics of buses were analyzed based on approximately 28,700 groups of instantaneous data obtained in Beijing using a portable emissions measurement system （PEMS）. The experimental results revealed that NOx and PM emissions from CNG buses were decreased by 72.0% and 82.3% respectively, compared with Euro IV diesel buses. Similarly, these emissions were reduced by 75.2% and 96.3% respectively, compared with Euro III diesel buses. In addition, CO2, CO, HC, NOx, PM emissions and FC of Euro IV diesel buses were reduced by 26.4%, 75.2%, 73.6%, 11.4%, 79.1%, and 26.0%, respectively, relative to Euro Ⅲ diesel buses. The CO2, CO, HC, NOx, PM emissions and FC factors all decreased with bus speed increased, while increased as bus acceleration increased. At the same time, the emission/FC rates as well as the emission/FC factors exhibited a strong positive correlation with the vehicle specific power （VSP）. They all were the lowest when VSP 〈 0, and then rapidly increased as VSP increased. furthermore, both the emission/FC rates and emission/FC factors were the highest at accelerations, higher at cruise speeds, and the lowest at decelerations for non-idling buses. These results can provide a base reference to further estimate bus emission and FC inventories in Beijing.

关键词： vehicle specific power PEMS driving modes fuel consumption factors

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船舶排放清单研究方法及进展

环境科学学报 2018年第1期38卷 1-12页

作者：刘欢商轶金欣欣付明亮清华大学环境学院/环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室北京100084

远洋船舶在港口和近海范围的排放清单是研究大气复合污染的形成和应对机制的迫切需求,船舶因其动态、多源、跨国注册等特点,是源清单研究中难度较大的部门.本文对现有研究在全球、区域、港口尺度的数据需求、方法学和适用性进行了综述,... 详细信息

远洋船舶在港口和近海范围的排放清单是研究大气复合污染的形成和应对机制的迫切需求,船舶因其动态、多源、跨国注册等特点,是源清单研究中难度较大的部门.本文对现有研究在全球、区域、港口尺度的数据需求、方法学和适用性进行了综述,对比评价了各方法的优缺点和适用范围,归纳了能提供高分辨率排放清单的方法体系.其中燃油法更适用于全球清单计算,但不适用于区域清单;贸易法对基础数据要求较低,但不确定度较大;统计法依赖统计数据,更适用于港口范围;动力法准确性最高,但对基础数据有较高要求.此外,从全球、区域、港口尺度方面介绍了船舶清单的研究进展,提出了未来改进清单面临的排放因子和AIS数据方面的挑战,并展望了我国船舶排放清单研究的发展方向.

关键词：船舶大气污染排放清单排放因子

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基于无人船测深技术的淀浦河纵横断面测量

测绘与空间地理信息 2020年第7期43卷 210-212,215页

作者：付明亮中土大地国际建筑设计有限公司上海分公司上海201315

基于无人船测深技术,对上海市松江区淀浦河部分河段进行了水下地形纵横断面测量。断面测量利用测量型无人船获取水底高程,通过数据处理完成断面绘图。实验证明,无人船断面测量具有较高的效率与精度,主测线水深与检测线水深较差合格率达... 详细信息

基于无人船测深技术,对上海市松江区淀浦河部分河段进行了水下地形纵横断面测量。断面测量利用测量型无人船获取水底高程,通过数据处理完成断面绘图。实验证明,无人船断面测量具有较高的效率与精度,主测线水深与检测线水深较差合格率达到98.2%,满足了行业规范要求;同时该项较差可满足偶然误差分布规律,表明无人船测量精度已得到有效控制,因此是一种高效率可靠的水下地形测绘方法。延迟误差是无人船测量的瓶颈,因此,施测前需采用适宜方法对此项误差进行有效改正。

关键词：无人测量船偶然误差地形测量横断面精度分析

基于GPS-RTK与全站仪的城市道路改扩建测量方案设计与实施

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矿山测量 2020年第2期48卷 96-100页

作者：付明亮中土大地国际建筑设计有限公司上海分公司上海201315

道路改扩建工程设计前,需进行改建对象的带状地形、河道横断面、道路纵横断面及现状雨污水管线走向等测量工作。采用合理的仪器,进行合理的方案设计,尤其重要。文中通过GPS-RTK与全站仪配合施测在上海市南芦公路改扩建项目工程测量中的... 详细信息

道路改扩建工程设计前,需进行改建对象的带状地形、河道横断面、道路纵横断面及现状雨污水管线走向等测量工作。采用合理的仪器,进行合理的方案设计,尤其重要。文中通过GPS-RTK与全站仪配合施测在上海市南芦公路改扩建项目工程测量中的应用,验证了基于GPS-RTK与全站仪的城市道路改扩建测量方案的效能与精度,为城市道路改扩建工程测量中GPS-RTK与全站仪的配合使用提供参考依据,对类似测量项目有借鉴作用。

关键词： GPS-RTK 全站仪道路改扩建带状地形断面测量

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CNG公交车燃气消耗预测的研究

汽车工程 2011年第3期33卷 241-245页

作者：王爱娟葛蕴珊谭建伟付明亮余林啸北京理工大学汽车动力性及排放测试国家专业实验室北京100081

为评估北京市在用CNG公交车实际运行的燃气消耗水平,利用随车排放测试系统对北京市在用CNG公交车进行抽样排放测试,然后运用碳平衡法根据污染物排放数据计算出这些车辆的瞬时燃气消耗速率,并分析了燃气消耗特征,建立了按速度、加速度和... 详细信息

为评估北京市在用CNG公交车实际运行的燃气消耗水平,利用随车排放测试系统对北京市在用CNG公交车进行抽样排放测试,然后运用碳平衡法根据污染物排放数据计算出这些车辆的瞬时燃气消耗速率,并分析了燃气消耗特征,建立了按速度、加速度和比功率划分的燃气消耗速率库,得到了北京市CNG公交车实际运行的燃气消耗模型。通过验证,由模型计算出的燃气消耗与实际燃气消耗有很好的一致性,误差在10%以内。因此,只须使用GPS获得某类公交车的运行数据,便可运用该模型预测出同类公交车的燃气消耗。

关键词：随车排放测试系统燃气消耗碳平衡

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联合收割机排放和油耗特性的试验研究

农业工程学报 2013年第19期29卷 41-47页

作者：葛蕴珊刘红坤丁焰尹航付明亮李加强北京理工大学汽车动性及排放测试国家专业实验室北京100081 中国环境科学研究院北京100012

为掌握实际工作状态下联合收割机的排放及燃油消耗特性,该文基于车载排放测试设备选取10台典型的联合收割机,在其实际工作状态下进行了排放及燃油消耗特性的试验研究。研究结果表明:谷物、玉米联合收割机综合燃油消耗分别为6.80和10.29 ... 详细信息

为掌握实际工作状态下联合收割机的排放及燃油消耗特性,该文基于车载排放测试设备选取10台典型的联合收割机,在其实际工作状态下进行了排放及燃油消耗特性的试验研究。研究结果表明:谷物、玉米联合收割机综合燃油消耗分别为6.80和10.29 L/h。基于燃油消耗率的CO、HC排放因子怠速工况下较高,而NOx排放因子在行走工况下较高,PM排放因子在作业工况下较高;谷物联合收割机比玉米联合收割机排放严重。2010年中国联合收割机NOx和PM排放量分别为4.84和0.47万t,分别占同时期机动车排放量的1.91%和1.94%,并给出了联合收割机排放量排在前10位的省份。该文为农业机械排放控制提供参考。

关键词：联合收割机燃油测试系统排放油耗