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Comparative analysis of planted and unplanted controls for assessment of rhizosphere priming effect

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Pedosphere 2022年第6期32卷 884-892页

作者： Jian LI Per bengtson Department of Biology Microbial Ecology GroupLund UniversitySölvegatan 37Lund 22362(Sweden) Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of Sciences1799 Jimei RoadXiamen 361021(China)

The rhizosphere priming effect(RPE)is increasingly being considered to be an important regulator of soil organic matter(SOM)decomposition and nutrient turnover,with potential importance for the global CO_(2) *** a result,studies on the RPE have rapidly increased in number over the last few *** of these experiments have been performed using unplanted soil as the control,which could potentially lead to incorrect assessment of the ***,we performed a greenhouse experiment to investigate how the choice of control(i.e.,unplanted control and planted control)influenced the quantification of RPE on SOM decomposition and gross nitrogen(N)mineralization,and to link this to differences in microbial and abiotic soil properties between the two *** the planted control,planted seedlings were cut at soil surface 5 d before measurement of the *** RPE on SOM decomposition was positive in pine soil and almost 2-fold higher when calculated from the planted control than from the unplanted *** spruce soil,a negative RPE on SOM decomposition was found when calculated from the planted control,while the RPE was positive when calculated from the unplanted *** RPE on gross N mineralization was found when calculated from the planted control,while a positive RPE of more than 100%was found when calculated from the unplanted *** microbial biomass and growth rate were lower,while the inorganic N content was higher in the unplanted control than in the planted *** microbial community composition and potential enzyme activity in the planted treatment and planted control were similar,but they differed significantly from those in the unplanted *** results showed that the RPE varied widely depending on the choice of control;thus,we suggest that a planted control,in which the aboveground plant parts are removed only a few days before the measurement of RPE,should be used as the control when elucidating the RPE on belowground C and N

关键词： enzyme activity gross nitrogen mineralization microbial community composition nitrogen availability soil organic matter decomposition

A REVIEW OF CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTIVE MEASURES IN ARCHITECTURE WITHIN TEMPERATE CLIMATE ZONES

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Journal of Green Building 2020年第2期15卷 113-130页

作者： mikkel Poulsen Michael Lauring Camilla Brunsgaard Department of Architecture Design and Media TechnologyAalborg UniversityDenmark

Since a large portion of greenhouse gases are emitted by the building sector,there has been a push towards sustainable low energy architecture,which could help mitigate the effects of climate *** climate change is considered inevitable,adaptive measures must be taken in the field of architecture to alleviate its *** an overview of the state of the art in the field of architecture as it adapts to climate change will help identify the problems and possibilities of architectural *** aim must be to create buildings that are as suitable to the current climate as they are to the climate of the future and maintain an ability to resist the impacts of climate change;this ability to resist potential change is defined as adaptive *** is challenging to reconcile the energy requirements for contemporary buildings with rising temperatures and extreme weather in temperate climate *** literature on the subject is explored through iterative searches in scientific *** discussions about the possible adaptations to climate change,there needs to be a focus on human adaptation facilitated by architecture and the built environment’s utilization and support of ecosystem services in adaptation strategies,since the scope of climate change reaches beyond the singular *** are plenty of strategies and technologies from which to draw but little focus on how these should support the design of a building and its *** the future it will be necessary to look at the adaptive capacity of a building itself and how the building can benefit its surroundings.

关键词： architecture adaptation climate change built environment user involvement temperate climate

Removal of chromophoric dissolved organic matter under combined photochemical and microbial degradation as a response to different irradiation intensities

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第8期34卷 76-86页

作者： Theis Kragh Kaj Sand-Jensen Emil Kristensen Ole Pedersen mikkel Madsen-Фterbye Department of Biology University of Southern DenmarkSyddanmark 5230Denmark Freshwater Biological Laboratory Department of BiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen 2100Denmark

Throughout the freshwater continuum, Dissolved Organic Carbon(DOC) and the colored fraction, Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Material(CDOM), are continuously being added,removed, and transformed, resulting in changes in the chromophoricity and lability of organic matter over time. We examined, experimentally, the effect of increasing irradiationintensities on the combined photochemical and microbial degradation of CDOM and *** was done by using a simulated mixed water column: aged water from a humic lake was exposed to four irradiation-intensities – representing winter, early and late spring, and summer conditions(0.10, 0.16, 0.36, and 0.58 W/m^(2)) – and compared with dark controls over 37days. We found a linear relationship between CDOM degradation and irradiation-intensities up to 0.36 W/m^(2);the degradation rate saturated at higher intensities, both at specific wavelengths and for broader intervals. After 37 days at high irradiation-intensity, CDOM absorption of irradiation at 340 nm had been reduced by 41%;48% of DOC had been removed and DOC degradation continued to increase. Aromaticity(SUVA254) declined significantly over 37 days at the two lowest but not at the two highest UV-intensities;levels in unexposed control water remained constant. Direct observations of the humic lake showed that CDOM absorption of irradiation(340 nm) declined by 27% from winter to summer. A model based on hydrological CDOM input and CDOM degradation calculated from field measurements of UV-radiation and experimental CDOM degradation with UV-exposure from sunlight accurately predicted the annual course as observed in the lake. With no external CDOM input,92% of the CDOM could be degraded in a year. The results support the notion that combined photochemical and microbial CDOM degradation can be remarkably higher in lakes than previously thought and that humic lakes retain their color due to light absorption by ongoing CDOM input.

关键词： Biodegradation Brownification Carbon cycling CDOM DOC Humic lake Photobleaching UV-bleaching

Octoradiate Spiral Organisms in the Ediacaran of South China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2008年第1期82卷 27-34页

作者： TANG Feng YIN Chongyu Stefan bengtson LIU Pengju WANG Ziqiang GAO Linzhi Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 China Key Laboratory of Stratigraphy and Paleontology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 China Department of Palaeozoology Swedish Museum of Natural History Box 50007 SE-10405 Stockholm Sweden School of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China

Shales of the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation of South China contain a new disc-shaped macrofossil, Eoandromeda octobrachiata, characterized by eight spiral arms that were probably housed within an outer membrane. Although the presence of eight radiating structures entails a resemblance to cnidarian octocorals as well as to ctenophores, direct homologies with these extant groups are unlikely. Instead we bring attention to the helicospiral morphology of newly reported embryos from the Doushantuo Formation, suggesting that the long-sought adults of the Ediacaran embryonic metazoans have finally been found.

关键词： Octoradiate spiral organism Eoandromeda octobrachiata Ediacaran South China

Revision of the Clam Shrimp Genus Magumbonia from the Upper Jurassic of the Luanping Basin,Hebei,Northern China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2009年第1期83卷 46-51页

作者： LI Gang SHEN Yanbin LIU Yongqing Peter bengtson Helmut WILLEMS Hiramichi HIRANO State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology the Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 China Institute of Geology and Palaeontolog University of Heidelberg DE-69120 Heidelberg Germany Department of Geosciences University of Bremen DE-28359 Bremen Germany Department of Earth Sciences Waseda University Tokyo 169-8050 Japan

The diverse clam shrimp Nestoria-Keratestheria fauna is widely distributed in the Dabeigou Formation in northern Hebei and eastern Inner Mongolia of China. Its important component genus Magumbonia from the Dabeigou Formation in the Luanping Basin, northern Hebei, China, is revised on the basis of a scanning electron microscope （SEM） examination of the type species *** Wang, 1984, which revealed morphological features not recognized previously. These include coarse reticulation on the umbo and prominent growth lines ornamented with densely spaced, small tubercles and fine lirae.

关键词： clam shrimp Magumbonia Dabeigou Formation Upper Jurassic Luanping Basin Hebei,China

Additive manufacturing of prototype elements with process interfaces for continuously operating manufacturing lines

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2018年第6期13卷 575-583页

作者： Cosima Hirschberg mikkel Schmidt Larsen Johan Peter Botker Jukka Rantanen Department of Pharmacy University of Copenhagen

Rapid prototyping based on in silico design and 3D printing enables fast customization of complex geometries to multiple needs. This study utilizes, additive manufacturing for rapid prototyping of elements for continuously operating mixing geometries including interfaces with process analytical technology(PAT) tools, to show that 3D printing can be used for prototyping of both parts of production line and PAT interfacing solution. An additional setup was designed for measuring the dynamic calibration samples for a semi-quantitative near infrared(NIR) spectroscopic model. The powder was filled in a small calibration chamber and in-line NIR spectra of calibration samples were collected from moving material while mimicking the powder flow dynamics in a typical continuous mixer. This dynamic powder mixing system was compared with a static powder calibration model where the NIR probe was placed at different positions on a static sample. Principal component analysis(PCA) revealed that the 3D printed device with dynamic measurement of the NIR spectra had more potential for quantitative analysis. With the prototype continuous mixer, two differently placed process interfaces for NIR spectroscopic monitoring of the powder mixing were evaluated. With this approach, the importance of positioning the process analytical tools to assess the blend uniformity could be demonstrated. It was also observed that with the longer mixing geometry, a better mixing result was achieved due to a larger hold up volume and increased residence time.

关键词： 3D printing Continuous mixing Near-infrared spectroscopy Additive manufacturing

Moderate heat treatment of CoFe Prussian blue analogues for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction performance

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第3期78卷 476-486,I0013页

作者： Fangyuan Diao mikkel Rykær Kraglund Huili Cao Xiaomei Yan Pei Liu Christian Engelbrekt Xinxin Xiao Department of Chemistry Technical University of DenmarkKongens Lyngby DK-2800Denmark Department of Energy Storage and Conversion Technical University of DenmarkKongens Lyngby DK-2800Denmark DTU Nanolab-National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization Technical University of DenmarkKongens Lyngby DK-2800Denmark Department of Chemistry and Bioscience Aalborg UniversityAalborg 9220Denmark

Prussian blue analogues(PBAs) with inherent ordered structures and abundant metal ion sites are widely explored as precursors for various electrochemical applications,including oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Using a range of characterization techniques including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),X-ray diffraction(XRD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),this work discloses the process of replacement of K^(+)by NH4^(+)in the interstitial spaces of the CoFe PBA by a hot aqueous urea solution,which influences the transformation of PBAs under further heat treatment and the OER performance of the deriva *** heat treatment at 400℃ under Ar flow,high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM) images reveal that CoFe alloy nanoparticles grew on the crystalline cubes of CoFe PBA with K^(+),while CoFe PBA cubes with NH4^(+)become ***,the derivative of CoFe PBA with NH4^(+)(Ar-U-CoFe PBA) performs better than the derivative of CoFe PBA with K^(+)(Ar-CoFe PBA) in OER,registering a lower overpotential of 305 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2),a smaller Tafel slope of 36.1 mV dec^(-1),and better stability over a testing course of 20 h in 1.0 M KOH.A single-cell alkaline electrolyzer,using Ar-U-CoFe PBA and Pt/C for the anodic and cathodic catalyst,respectively,requires an initial cell voltage of 1.66 V to achieve 100 mA cm^(-2)at 80℃,with negligible degradation after100 h.

关键词： Prussian blue analogues PBA derivatives Oxygen evolution reaction Electrolyzer

A new discovery of macroscopic fossils from the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation in the Yangtze Gorges area

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2006年第12期51卷 1487-1493页

作者： TANG Feng YIN Chongyu bengtson Stefan LIU Yongqing WANG Ziqiang LIU Pengju GAO Linzhi Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 China Department of Palaeozoology Swedish Museum of Natural History Box 50007 SE-10405 Stockholm Sweden School of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China

Two new horizons with macroscopic fossils are reported in the Doushantuo Formation, Ediacaran System, from the Yangtze Gorges area. The fossils were discovered in the lower and middle black shales of the Doushantuo Formation in the new section at Sandouping Town, Zigui County, Hubei Province. The new macroscopic assemblages in- clude Chuaria and Tawuia, and occur below the well- known ”Miaohe Biota”. These fossils indicate that after the Nantuo ice age, macroscopic multicellular organisms gradually increased in abundance and diversity. Simple, discoidal carbonaceous compres- sions such as chuarids are present in the initial macrofossil assemblage of the Doushantuo Stage. This assemblage was eventually replaceded by the more diverse Miaohe macrofossils, including unam- biguously branching forms, in the uppermost Dou- shantuo Formation. The new discovery of carbona- ceous compression macrofossils from the Doushan- tuo Formation in the Yangtze Gorges area provides new evidence for the correlation of late Neoprotero- zoic successions in southern China.

关键词：三峡地区古化石页岩湖北

Survey of the electrostatic tractor research for reorbiting passive GEO space objects

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Astrodynamics 2018年第4期2卷 291-305页

作者： M.bengtson K.Wilson J.Hughes H.Schaub Aerospace Engineering Sciences Department University of Colorado Boulder431 UCBBoulderCO80309USA

The number of operational satellites and debris objects in the valuable geosynchronous ring has increased steadily over time such that active debris removal missions are necessary to ensure long-term stability. These objects are very large and tumbling, making any mission scenarios requiring physical contact very challenging. In the last 10 years, the concept of using an electrostatic tractor has been investigated extensively. With the electrostatic tractor concept, active charge emission is employed to simultaneously charge the tug or services vehicle, while aiming the charge exhaust onto the passive space debris object to charge it as well. The resulting electrostatic force has been explored to actuate this debris object to a disposal orbit or to detumble the object, all without physical contact. This paper provides a survey of the related research and reviews the charging concepts, the associated electrostatic force and torque modeling, and the feedback control developments, as well as the charge sensing research.

关键词： electrostatics geosynchronous orbit debris control