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Towards interruption of schistosomiasis transmission in sub-Saharan Africa:developing an appropriate environmental surveillance framework to guide and to support‘end game’interventions

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 78-88页

作者： J.Russell Stothard Suzy J.Campbell mike y.osei-atweneboana Timothy Durant Michelle C.Stanton Nana-Kwadwo Biritwum David Rollinson Dieudonne R.Eloundou Ombede Louis-Albert Tchuem-Tchuente Department of Parasitology Liverpool School of Tropical MedicinePembroke PlaceLiverpool L35QAUK Department of Environmental Biology and Health Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Water Research InsituteP.O.Box M 32AccraGhana Neglected Tropical Diseases Programme Ghana Health ServicesAccraGhana Department of Life Sciences Natural History MuseumCromwell RoadLondon SW75BDUK Centre for Schistosomiasis and Parasitology YaoundeCameroon Laboratory of Parasitology and Ecology Faculty of SciencesUniversity of YaoundeIYaoundeCameroon National Programme for the Control of Schistosomiasis and Intestinal Helminthiasis Ministry of Public HealthYaoundeCameroon

Schistosomiasis is a waterborne parasitic disease in sub-Saharan Africa,particularly common in rural populations living in impoverished *** the scale-up of preventive chemotherapy,national campaigns will transition from morbidity-to transmission-focused interventions thus formal investigation of actual or expected declines in environmental transmission is needed as‘end game’scenarios ***,there are no international or national guidelines to do so in sub-Saharan *** article therefore provides an introduction to key practicalities and pitfalls in the development of an appropriate environmental surveillance *** this context,we discuss how strategies need to be adapted and tailored to the local level to better guide and support future interventions through this *** detection of egg-patent infection in people becomes rare,careful sampling of schistosome larvae in freshwater and in aquatic snails with robust species-specific DNA assays will be *** metrics,derived from observed prevalence(s)as compared with predetermined thresholds,could each provide a clearer insight into contamination-and exposure-related *** could be twofold,first to certify areas currently free from schistosomiasis transmission or second to red-flag recalcitrant locations where extra effort or alternative interventions are needed.

关键词： Environmental monitoring Freshwater snails eDNA WASH Zoonosis

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Can ChatGPT evaluate research quality?

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Journal of Data and Information Science 2024年第2期9卷 1-21页

作者： mike Thelwall Information School University of SheffieldSheffield S102TNUK

Purpose:Assess whether ChatGPT 4.0 is accurate enough to perform research evaluations on journal articles to automate this time-consuming ***/methodology/approach:Test the extent to which ChatGPT-4 can assess the quality of journal articles using a case study of the published scoring guidelines of the UK Research Excellence Framework(REF)2021 to create a research evaluation *** was applied to 51 of my own articles and compared against my own quality ***:ChatGPT-4 can produce plausible document summaries and quality evaluation rationales that match the REF *** overall scores have weak correlations with my self-evaluation scores of the same documents(averaging r=0.281 over 15 iterations,with 8 being statistically significantly different from 0).In contrast,the average scores from the 15 iterations produced a statistically significant positive correlation of ***,averaging scores from multiple ChatGPT-4 rounds seems more effective than individual *** positive correlation may be due to ChatGPT being able to extract the author’s significance,rigour,and originality claims from inside each *** my weakest articles are removed,then the correlation with average scores(r=0.200)falls below statistical significance,suggesting that ChatGPT struggles to make fine-grained *** limitations:The data is self-evaluations of a convenience sample of articles from one academic in one *** implications:Overall,ChatGPT does not yet seem to be accurate enough to be trusted for any formal or informal research quality evaluation *** evaluators,including journal editors,should therefore take steps to control its ***/value:This is the first published attempt at post-publication expert review accuracy testing for ChatGPT.

关键词： ChatGPT Large Language Models LLM Research Excellence Framework REF 2021 Research quality Research assessment

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Amino acid and mineral digestibility,bone ash,and plasma inositol is increased by including microbial phytase in diets for growing pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第2期15卷 699-712页

作者： Liz Vanessa Lagos mike Richard Bedford Hans Henrik Stein Division of Nutritional Sciences University of IllinoisUrbanaIL 61801USA AB Vista Marlborough SN84ANUK

Background The effect of microbial phytase on amino acid and energy digestibility is not consistent in pigs,which may be related to the phytase dosage or the adaptation length to the ***,an experiment was conducted to test the hypotheses that increasing dietary phytase after an 18-day adaptation period:1)increases nutrient and energy digestibility;2)increases plasma P,plasma inositol,and bone ash of young pigs;and 3)demonstrates that maximum phytate degradation requires more phytase than maximum P *** Data indicated that increasing inclusion of phytase[0,250,500,1,000,2,000,and 4,000 phytase units(FTU)/kg feed]in corn-soybean meal-based diets increased apparent ileal digestibility(AID)of Trp(quadratic;Pys and Thr(linear;Py phytase also increased AID and apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD)of Ca and P(quadratic;Pytase did not influence the ATTD of Mg or gross *** of plasma P and bone ash increased(quadratic;Py phytase *** ATTD of P was maximized if at least 1,200 FTU/kg were used,whereas more than 4,000 FTU/kg were needed to maximize inositol *** Increasing dietary levels of phytase after an 18-day adaptation period increased phytate and IP ester degradation and inositol release in the small ***,increasing dietary phytase resulted in improved digestibility of Ca,P,K,Na,and the first 4 limiting amino acids,and in increased concentrations of bone ash and plasma P and *** a corn-soybean meal diet,maximum inositol release requires appr

关键词： Bone ash Inositol Nutrient digestibility Phytase Phytate degradation Pigs

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Mapping the clinical practice of traditional,complementary and integrative medicine in oncology in Western countries:A multinational cross-sectional survey

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第1期22卷 64-71页

作者： Matthias Huemer Sandro Graca Sarah Bitsche Guenter Hofmann mike Armour Martin Pichler Palliative Care Unit Division of OncologyDepartment of Internal MedicineMedical University of Graz8036 GrazAustria Northern College of Acupuncture York YO16LJUnited Kingdom School of Health and Society Faculty of EducationHealth and WellbeingUniversity of WolverhamptonWolverhampton WV11LYUnited Kingdom National Institute of Complementary Medicine Health Research Institute Western Sydney UniversityPenrith NSW 2751Australia Translational Health Research Institute Western Sydney UniversityPenrith NSW 2751Australia Medical Research Institute of New Zealand Wellington 6021New Zealand Translational Oncology University Hospital of Augsburg86156 AugsburgGermany

Background Many cancer patients seek adjunctive therapies to biomedical cancer treatments at some point of their disease *** acupuncture is increasingly recommended by leading oncological associations,limited evidence exists concerning the evidence-informed practice and adherence to current guidelines of traditional complementary and integrative medicine(TCIM)practitioners treating cancer *** An international online-survey assessed the demographical data,clinical practice,and sources of information used by TCIM practitioners in Austria,Germany,United States of America,Australia,and New *** In total,404 respondents completed the survey,of which 254(62.9%)treated cancer *** practitioners were acupuncturists and herbalists(57.1%),had(16.8±9.9)years of clinical experience and see a median of 2(1,4)cancer patients per *** cancer(61.8%)is the most common cancer type seen in TCIM *** TCIM treatments are frequently concurrent with the patient’s cancer specific treatment(39.9%),which is also reflected by the main goal of a TCIM treatment to alleviate side effects(52.4%).However,only 28.0%of the respondents are in contact with the treating *** to the respondents,pain is most effectively treated using acupuncture,while herbal medicine is best for cancer-related *** practitioners mostly use certified courses(33.1%)or online databases(28.3%)but often believe that experts are more reliable to inform their practice(37.0%)than research publications(32.7%).Conclusion Acupuncturists and herbalists commonly treat cancer *** practitioners use TCIM as an adjunct to biomedicine as supportive care and use it largely in accordance with current oncological guidelines.

关键词： Integrative medicine Acupuncture Oncology Evidence-informed practice International survey

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CEOs:A Matter of Style The importance ofunderstanding leadership style

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空中英语教室（高级版．彭蒙惠英语） 2024年第10期 26-27,46页

作者： mike Maddock 不详

"My team is‘all in'on our latest strategy!"Raiseyour hand if you have heard oruttered similar words after a *** my experience,it's what every leader wants to hear and what most leaders love to *** how often does your... 详细信息

关键词： strategy truly leadership

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Pints of Passion

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城市漫步（GBA版） 2024年第6期 9-11页

作者： mike Fox 不详

If there is one social glue that binds British people together,it's *** phrase"fancy a pint?"is notorious to those familiar with UK drinking culture,and although the Irish,Americans,Chinese and Australians,to name a few,can boast unique alcohol traditions,there's a timeless sensibility that comes with the kingdom's classic pub *** the customs-and,unfortunately,the carnage-of Brits boozing have been successfully exported around the world,the beer hasn't been.

关键词： although has alcohol

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Abomasal infusion of branched-chain amino acids or branched-chain keto-acids alter lactation performance and liver triglycerides in fresh cows

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1145-1157页

作者： Kristen Gallagher Isabelle Bernstein Cynthia Collings David Main Ghayyoor Ahmad Sarah Naughton Jayasimha Daddam Vengai Mavangira mike Vandehaar Zheng Zhou Department of Animal Science Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing 48824USA Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Ames 50011USA

Background Dairy cows are at high risk of fatty liver disease in early lactation,but current preventative measures are not always *** with fatty liver have lower circulating branched-chain amino acid(BCAA)concentra-tions whereas cows with high circulating BCAA levels have low liver triglyceride(TG).Our objective was to determine the impact of BCAA and their corresponding ketoacids(branched-chain ketoacids,BCKA)on production performance and liver TG accumulation in Holstein cows in the first 3 weeks *** Thirty-six multiparous Holstein cows were used in a randomized block design *** were abomasally infused for the first 21 d postpartum with solutions of 1)saline(CON,n=12);2)BCA(67 g valine,50 g leu-cine,and 34 g isoleucine,n=12);and 3)BCK(77 g 2-ketovaline calcium salt,57 g 2-ketoleucine calcium salt,and 39 g 2-ketoisoleucine calcium salt,n=12).All cows received the same *** effects were determined using PROC GLIMMIX in *** No differences were detected for body weight,body condition score,or dry matter intake averaged over the first 21 d *** receiving BCK had significantly lower liver TG concentrations compared to CON(6.60%vs.4.77%,standard error of the mean(SEM)0.49)during the first 3 weeks of *** of BCA increased milk yield(39.5 vs.35.3 kg/d,SEM 1.8),milk fat yield(2.10 vs.1.69 kg/d,SEM 0.08),and lactose yield(2.11 vs.1.67 kg/d,SEM 0.07)compared with *** to CON,cows receiving BCA had lower plasma glucose(55.0 vs.59.2 mg/dL,SEM 0.86)but higherβ-hydroxybutyrate(9.17 vs.6.00 mg/dL,SEM 0.80).Conclusions Overall,BCAA supplementation in this study improved milk production,whereas BCKA supplementa-tion reduced TG accumulation in the liver of fresh cows.

关键词： Branched-chain amino acids Branched-chain ketoacids Fatty liver Fresh cow

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Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs before endoscopic ultrasound guided tissue acquisition to reduce the incidence of post procedural pancreatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第8期30卷 811-816页

作者： mike de Jong Foke van Delft Christine Roozen Erwin-Jan van Geenen Tanya Bisseling Peter Siersema Marco Bruno Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Radboud University Medical CenterNijmegen 6525 GANetherlands Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Erasmus University Medical CenterRotterdam 3015 GDNetherlands

Endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)with fine needle aspiration or fine needle biopsy is the gold standard for sampling tissue to diagnose pancreatic cancer and auto-immune pancreatitis or to analyze cyst *** most common reported adverse event of fine needle aspiration and/or fine needle biopsy is acute pancreatitis,which is likely induced by the same pathophysiological mechanisms as after en-doscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP).According to the current European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy guideline,nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are administered prior to ERCP as a scientifically proven treatment to reduce post-ERCP pancreatitis incidence rate.A single suppository of diclofenac or indomethacin prior to EUS guided tissue acquisition(TA)is harm-less in healthy *** it is associated with low costs and,most important,may prevent a dreadsome complication,we strongly recommend the adminis-tration of 100 mg diclofenac rectally prior to *** will explain this recom-mendation in more detail in this review as well as the risk and pathophysiology of post-EUS TA pancreatitis.

关键词： Pancreatitis Endoscopic ultrasound Tissue acquisition Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs Pancreatic cancer

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Planetary Homeostasis of Reactive Nitrogen Through Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation

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Engineering 2024年第7期38卷 175-183页

作者： Guibing Zhu Bangrui Lan Shuci Liu Cameron M.Callbeck Shanyun Wang Liping Jiang Asheesh Kumar yadav Jan Vymazal mike S.M.Jetten Ganlin Zhang yongguan Zhu Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Department of Environment and Science Queensland GovernmentBrisbaneQLD 4102Australia Department of Environmental Sciences University of BaselBasel 4056Switzerland CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology Bhubaneswar 751013India Faculty of Environmental Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences PraguePraha 16521Czech Republic Department of Microbiology Radboud UniversityNijmegen 6525 XZThe Netherlands Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences Nanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The availability of nitrogen(N)is crucial for both the productivity of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems ***,the overuse of artificial fertilizers and the energy required to fix nitrogen have pushed the global nitrogen cycle(N-cycle)past its safe operating limits,leading to severe nitrogen pollution and the production of significant amounts of greenhouse gas nitrous oxide(N2O).The anaerobic ammonium oxidation(anammox)mechanism can counteract the release of ammonium and N2O in many oxygenlimited situations,assisting in the restoration of the homeostasis of the Earth’s N *** this work,we looked into the characteristics of the anammox hotspots’distribution across various types of ecosystems *** hotspots are present at diverse oxic-anoxic interfaces in terrestrial systems,and they are most prevalent at the oxic-anoxic transition zone in aquatic *** on the discovery of an anammox hotspot capable of oxidizing ammonium anoxically into N2 without N2O by-product,we then designed an innovative concept and technical routes of nature-based anammox hotspot geoengineering for climate change,biodiversity loss,and efficient utilization of water *** 15 years of actual use,anammox hotspot geoengineering has proven to be effective in ensuring clean drinking water,regulating the climate,fostering plant and animal diversity,and enhancing longterm environmental *** sustainable biogeoengineering of anammox could be a workable natural remedy to resolve the conflicts between environmental pollution and food security connected to N management.

关键词： Biogeochemical N-cycle Oxic-anoxic interface Nature-based solution Biogeoengineering Nitrogen sustainable development

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Al-20%Cu多晶粒竞争生长的原位观测及汇聚型枝晶淘汰模型构建

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2024年第7期34卷 2095-2107页

作者：李发国周莲谢玉张佼 mike DODGE 尹付成孙宝德湘潭大学材料科学与工程学院湖南省材料设计与制备技术重点实验室湘潭411105 宝山钢铁有限公司中央研究院上海201900 上海交通大学材料科学与工程学院上海200240 TWI Ltd Granta ParkGreat AbingtonCambridge CB216ALUK

采用同步辐射成像技术研究Al-20%Cu(质量分数)亚共晶合金的晶粒竞争生长动力学,并建立与实验结果相一致的数学模型。结果表明,对于发散型竞争生长,遵循“正常淘汰”规则。对于汇聚型竞争生长,成分过冷的作用加速非择优取向晶粒中一次枝... 详细信息

采用同步辐射成像技术研究Al-20%Cu(质量分数)亚共晶合金的晶粒竞争生长动力学,并建立与实验结果相一致的数学模型。结果表明,对于发散型竞争生长,遵循“正常淘汰”规则。对于汇聚型竞争生长,成分过冷的作用加速非择优取向晶粒中一次枝晶臂的生长速度,导致非择优取向枝晶出现“异常淘汰”现象,淘汰择优取向枝晶。探讨汇聚型竞争生长的“正常淘汰”与“异常淘汰”之间的临界条件,建立枝晶生长速率、枝晶臂间距和枝晶倾斜角之间的数学关系,又称“二次枝晶臂阻挡模型”,可以快速预测晶界位相和淘汰类型。

关键词：竞争生长同步辐射成像定向凝固数学模型 Al-Cu合金

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