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Text Simplification Using Transformer and BERT

Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第5期75卷 3479-3495页

作者： Sarah Alissa mike wald College of Computer Science and Information Technology Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityDammamSaudi Arabia School of Electronics and Computer Science University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom

Reading and writing are the main interaction methods with web *** simplification tools are helpful for people with cognitive impairments,new language learners,and children as they might find difficulties in understanding the complex web *** simplification is the process of changing complex text intomore readable and understandable *** recent approaches to text simplification adopted the machine translation concept to learn simplification rules from a parallel corpus of complex and simple *** this paper,we propose two models based on the transformer which is an encoder-decoder structure that achieves state-of-the-art(SOTA)results in machine *** training process for our model includes three steps:preprocessing the data using a subword tokenizer,training the model and optimizing it using the Adam optimizer,then using the model to decode the *** first model uses the transformer only and the second model uses and integrates the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformer(BERT)as encoder to enhance the training time and *** performance of the proposed model using the transformerwas evaluated using the Bilingual Evaluation Understudy score(BLEU)and recorded(53.78)on the WikiSmall *** the other hand,the experiment on the second model which is integrated with BERT shows that the validation loss decreased very fast compared with the model without the ***,the BLEU score was small(44.54),which could be due to the size of the dataset so the model was overfitting and unable to generalize ***,in the future,the second model could involve experimenting with a larger dataset such as the *** addition,more analysis has been done on the model’s results and the used dataset using different evaluation metrics to understand their performance.

关键词： Text simplification neural machine translation transformer

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Can ChatGPT evaluate research quality?

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Journal of Data and Information Science 2024年第2期9卷 1-21页

作者： mike Thelwall Information School University of SheffieldSheffield S102TNUK

Purpose:Assess whether ChatGPT 4.0 is accurate enough to perform research evaluations on journal articles to automate this time-consuming ***/methodology/approach:Test the extent to which ChatGPT-4 can assess the quality of journal articles using a case study of the published scoring guidelines of the UK Research Excellence Framework(REF)2021 to create a research evaluation *** was applied to 51 of my own articles and compared against my own quality ***:ChatGPT-4 can produce plausible document summaries and quality evaluation rationales that match the REF *** overall scores have weak correlations with my self-evaluation scores of the same documents(averaging r=0.281 over 15 iterations,with 8 being statistically significantly different from 0).In contrast,the average scores from the 15 iterations produced a statistically significant positive correlation of ***,averaging scores from multiple ChatGPT-4 rounds seems more effective than individual *** positive correlation may be due to ChatGPT being able to extract the author’s significance,rigour,and originality claims from inside each *** my weakest articles are removed,then the correlation with average scores(r=0.200)falls below statistical significance,suggesting that ChatGPT struggles to make fine-grained *** limitations:The data is self-evaluations of a convenience sample of articles from one academic in one *** implications:Overall,ChatGPT does not yet seem to be accurate enough to be trusted for any formal or informal research quality evaluation *** evaluators,including journal editors,should therefore take steps to control its ***/value:This is the first published attempt at post-publication expert review accuracy testing for ChatGPT.

关键词： ChatGPT Large Language Models LLM Research Excellence Framework REF 2021 Research quality Research assessment

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Lung-protective ventilation in the management of congenital diaphragmatic hernia

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2024年第2期7卷 73-80页

作者： mike Traynor Department of Anesthesia British Columbia Children's HospitalVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada

Prioritizing lung-protective ventilation has produced a clear mortality benefit in neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia(CDH).While there is a paucity of CDH-specific evidence to support any particular approach to lung-protective ventilation,a growing body of data in adults is beginning to clarify the mechanismsbehind ventilator-induced lung injury and inform safer management of mechanical ventilation in *** review summarizes the adult data and attempts to relate the findings,conceptually,to the CDH *** lessons from the adult studies are that much of the damage done during conventional mechanical ventilation affects normal lung tissue and that most of this damage occurs at the low-volume and high-volume extremes of the respiratory ***,it is important to prevent atelectasis by using sufficient positive end-expiratory pressure while also avoiding overdistention by scaling tidal volume to the amount of functional lung tissue rather than body *** early in acute respiratory distress syndrome improves outcomes,possibly because consistent respiratory mechanics facilitate avoidance of both atelectasis and overdistention—a mechanism that may also apply to the CDH ***-targeted conventional modes may be advantageous in CDH,but determining optimal tidal volume is *** high-frequency oscillatory ventilation and high-frequency jet ventilation have been used successfully as'rescue modes'to avoid extracorporeal membrane oxygenation,and a prospective trial comparing the two high-frequency modalities as the primary ventilation strategy for CDH is underway.

关键词： protective congenital hernia

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Amino acid and mineral digestibility,bone ash,and plasma inositol is increased by including microbial phytase in diets for growing pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第2期15卷 699-712页

作者： Liz Vanessa Lagos mike Richard Bedford Hans Henrik Stein Division of Nutritional Sciences University of IllinoisUrbanaIL 61801USA AB Vista Marlborough SN84ANUK

Background The effect of microbial phytase on amino acid and energy digestibility is not consistent in pigs,which may be related to the phytase dosage or the adaptation length to the ***,an experiment was conducted to test the hypotheses that increasing dietary phytase after an 18-day adaptation period:1)increases nutrient and energy digestibility;2)increases plasma P,plasma inositol,and bone ash of young pigs;and 3)demonstrates that maximum phytate degradation requires more phytase than maximum P *** Data indicated that increasing inclusion of phytase[0,250,500,1,000,2,000,and 4,000 phytase units(FTU)/kg feed]in corn-soybean meal-based diets increased apparent ileal digestibility(AID)of Trp(quadratic;P<0.05),and of Lys and Thr(linear;P<0.05),and tended to increase AID of Met(linear;P<0.10).Increasing dietary phytase also increased AID and apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD)of Ca and P(quadratic;P<0.05)and increased ATTD of K and Na(linear;P<0.05),but phytase did not influence the ATTD of Mg or gross *** of plasma P and bone ash increased(quadratic;P<0.05),and plasma inositol also increased(linear;P<0.05)with increasing inclusion of *** concentrations of inositol phosphate(IP)6 and IP5(quadratic;P<0.05),reduced IP4 and IP3(linear;P<0.05),but increased inositol concentrations(linear;P<0.05)were observed in ileal digesta as dietary phytase *** ATTD of P was maximized if at least 1,200 FTU/kg were used,whereas more than 4,000 FTU/kg were needed to maximize inositol *** Increasing dietary levels of phytase after an 18-day adaptation period increased phytate and IP ester degradation and inositol release in the small ***,increasing dietary phytase resulted in improved digestibility of Ca,P,K,Na,and the first 4 limiting amino acids,and in increased concentrations of bone ash and plasma P and *** a corn-soybean meal diet,maximum inositol release requires appr

关键词： Bone ash Inositol Nutrient digestibility Phytase Phytate degradation Pigs

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Mapping the clinical practice of traditional,complementary and integrative medicine in oncology in Western countries:A multinational cross-sectional survey

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第1期22卷 64-71页

作者： Matthias Huemer Sandro Graca Sarah Bitsche Guenter Hofmann mike Armour Martin Pichler Palliative Care Unit Division of OncologyDepartment of Internal MedicineMedical University of Graz8036 GrazAustria Northern College of Acupuncture York YO16LJUnited Kingdom School of Health and Society Faculty of EducationHealth and WellbeingUniversity of WolverhamptonWolverhampton WV11LYUnited Kingdom National Institute of Complementary Medicine Health Research Institute Western Sydney UniversityPenrith NSW 2751Australia Translational Health Research Institute Western Sydney UniversityPenrith NSW 2751Australia Medical Research Institute of New Zealand Wellington 6021New Zealand Translational Oncology University Hospital of Augsburg86156 AugsburgGermany

Background Many cancer patients seek adjunctive therapies to biomedical cancer treatments at some point of their disease *** acupuncture is increasingly recommended by leading oncological associations,limited evidence exists concerning the evidence-informed practice and adherence to current guidelines of traditional complementary and integrative medicine(TCIM)practitioners treating cancer *** An international online-survey assessed the demographical data,clinical practice,and sources of information used by TCIM practitioners in Austria,Germany,United States of America,Australia,and New *** In total,404 respondents completed the survey,of which 254(62.9%)treated cancer *** practitioners were acupuncturists and herbalists(57.1%),had(16.8±9.9)years of clinical experience and see a median of 2(1,4)cancer patients per *** cancer(61.8%)is the most common cancer type seen in TCIM *** TCIM treatments are frequently concurrent with the patient’s cancer specific treatment(39.9%),which is also reflected by the main goal of a TCIM treatment to alleviate side effects(52.4%).However,only 28.0%of the respondents are in contact with the treating *** to the respondents,pain is most effectively treated using acupuncture,while herbal medicine is best for cancer-related *** practitioners mostly use certified courses(33.1%)or online databases(28.3%)but often believe that experts are more reliable to inform their practice(37.0%)than research publications(32.7%).Conclusion Acupuncturists and herbalists commonly treat cancer *** practitioners use TCIM as an adjunct to biomedicine as supportive care and use it largely in accordance with current oncological guidelines.

关键词： Integrative medicine Acupuncture Oncology Evidence-informed practice International survey

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Spreadability of powders for additive manufacturing: A critical review of metrics and characterisation methods

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PARTICUOLOGY 2024年第10期93卷 211-234页

作者： Talebi, Fatemeh A. Haydari, Zobaideh Salehi, Hamid Mehrabi, Mozhdeh Gardy, Jabbar Bradley, mike Bayly, Andrew E. Hassanpour, Ali Univ Leeds Sch Chem & Proc Engn Leeds LS2 9JT England Univ Greenwich Sch Engn Greenwich ME4 4TB England Cormica Ltd Listerhills Sci PkCampus Rd Bradford BD7 1HR England

Powder bed fusion methods of additive manufacturing (AM) require consistent, reproducible, and uniform layers of powder for the reliable production of high-quality parts, where properties of powder are central to achieving this. Among these properties, powder flowability and spreadability play critical roles in determining the quality of these powder layers. While extensive research has been conducted on powder flow and spreading behaviour, and on their characterisation, there is little critical comparison and review of these terms in the context of AM. Such a review is necessary to further develop and enhance our comprehension of spreading dynamics and its relation to powder properties in AM systems. This review paper aims to build a coherent understanding of the correlation between powder characteristics and spreading in powder based additive manufacturing and its impact on manufactured parts. It highlights the current progress in comprehending spreading dynamics, the influence of powder characteristics, environmental conditions, spreading system, and the development of testing tools to assess powder spreadability. Furthermore, the paper critically discusses the challenge of finding appropriate quantitative metrics and recent advances in the use of standardised methods for evaluating powder spreadability. (c) 2024 Chinese Society of Particuology and Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http:// ***/licenses/by/4.0/).

关键词： Powder spreading Powder flowability Powder properties Quality of layer and final products DISCRETE ELEMENT SIMULATION PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION SPREADING PROCESS FLOW PROPERTIES NUMERICAL-SIMULATION DENSITY BULK FLOWABILITY SEGREGATION BEHAVIOR

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CEOs:A Matter of Style The importance ofunderstanding leadership style

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空中英语教室（高级版．彭蒙惠英语） 2024年第10期 26-27,46页

作者： mike Maddock 不详

"My team is‘all in'on our latest strategy!"Raiseyour hand if you have heard oruttered similar words after a *** my experience,it's what every leader wants to hear and what most leaders love to *** how often does your... 详细信息

关键词： strategy truly leadership

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Pints of Passion

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城市漫步（GBA版） 2024年第6期 9-11页

作者： mike Fox 不详

If there is one social glue that binds British people together,it's *** phrase"fancy a pint?"is notorious to those familiar with UK drinking culture,and although the Irish,Americans,Chinese and Australians,to name a few,can boast unique alcohol traditions,there's a timeless sensibility that comes with the kingdom's classic pub *** the customs-and,unfortunately,the carnage-of Brits boozing have been successfully exported around the world,the beer hasn't been.

关键词： although has alcohol

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Abomasal infusion of branched-chain amino acids or branched-chain keto-acids alter lactation performance and liver triglycerides in fresh cows

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1145-1157页

作者： Kristen Gallagher Isabelle Bernstein Cynthia Collings David Main Ghayyoor Ahmad Sarah Naughton Jayasimha Daddam Vengai Mavangira mike Vandehaar Zheng Zhou Department of Animal Science Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing 48824USA Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Ames 50011USA

Background Dairy cows are at high risk of fatty liver disease in early lactation,but current preventative measures are not always *** with fatty liver have lower circulating branched-chain amino acid(BCAA)concentra-tions whereas cows with high circulating BCAA levels have low liver triglyceride(TG).Our objective was to determine the impact of BCAA and their corresponding ketoacids(branched-chain ketoacids,BCKA)on production performance and liver TG accumulation in Holstein cows in the first 3 weeks *** Thirty-six multiparous Holstein cows were used in a randomized block design *** were abomasally infused for the first 21 d postpartum with solutions of 1)saline(CON,n=12);2)BCA(67 g valine,50 g leu-cine,and 34 g isoleucine,n=12);and 3)BCK(77 g 2-ketovaline calcium salt,57 g 2-ketoleucine calcium salt,and 39 g 2-ketoisoleucine calcium salt,n=12).All cows received the same *** effects were determined using PROC GLIMMIX in *** No differences were detected for body weight,body condition score,or dry matter intake averaged over the first 21 d *** receiving BCK had significantly lower liver TG concentrations compared to CON(6.60%vs.4.77%,standard error of the mean(SEM)0.49)during the first 3 weeks of *** of BCA increased milk yield(39.5 vs.35.3 kg/d,SEM 1.8),milk fat yield(2.10 vs.1.69 kg/d,SEM 0.08),and lactose yield(2.11 vs.1.67 kg/d,SEM 0.07)compared with *** to CON,cows receiving BCA had lower plasma glucose(55.0 vs.59.2 mg/dL,SEM 0.86)but higherβ-hydroxybutyrate(9.17 vs.6.00 mg/dL,SEM 0.80).Conclusions Overall,BCAA supplementation in this study improved milk production,whereas BCKA supplementa-tion reduced TG accumulation in the liver of fresh cows.

关键词： Branched-chain amino acids Branched-chain ketoacids Fatty liver Fresh cow

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Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs before endoscopic ultrasound guided tissue acquisition to reduce the incidence of post procedural pancreatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第8期30卷 811-816页

作者： mike de Jong Foke van Delft Christine Roozen Erwin-Jan van Geenen Tanya Bisseling Peter Siersema Marco Bruno Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Radboud University Medical CenterNijmegen 6525 GANetherlands Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Erasmus University Medical CenterRotterdam 3015 GDNetherlands

Endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)with fine needle aspiration or fine needle biopsy is the gold standard for sampling tissue to diagnose pancreatic cancer and auto-immune pancreatitis or to analyze cyst *** most common reported adverse event of fine needle aspiration and/or fine needle biopsy is acute pancreatitis,which is likely induced by the same pathophysiological mechanisms as after en-doscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP).According to the current European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy guideline,nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are administered prior to ERCP as a scientifically proven treatment to reduce post-ERCP pancreatitis incidence rate.A single suppository of diclofenac or indomethacin prior to EUS guided tissue acquisition(TA)is harm-less in healthy *** it is associated with low costs and,most important,may prevent a dreadsome complication,we strongly recommend the adminis-tration of 100 mg diclofenac rectally prior to *** will explain this recom-mendation in more detail in this review as well as the risk and pathophysiology of post-EUS TA pancreatitis.

关键词： Pancreatitis Endoscopic ultrasound Tissue acquisition Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs Pancreatic cancer

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