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Numerical Analysis of Slag Splashing in a Steelmaking Converter

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Computer Technology and Application 2011年第10期2卷 828-834页

作者： miguel barron Isaias Hilerio Departamento de Materiales Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Azcapotzalco Av. San Pablo 180 Col. Reynosa-TamaulipasMexico D.F. 02200 Mexico

Some variables that influence the slag splashing phenomenon in an oxygen steelmaking converter are numerically analyzed in this work. The effect of lance height, jet velocity, jet exit angle and slag viscosity on the washing and ejection mechanisms of slag splashing is studied employing transient two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulations. A parameter here called average slag volume fraction is proposed for the quantitative evaluation of the slag splashing efficiency. Besides, a qualitative comparison is made between the computational fluid dynamics results and physical model results from literature.

关键词： Computational fluid dynamics basic oxygen furnace oxygen steelmaking refractory lining slag splashing

Numerical Simulation of an Argon Stirred Ladle with Top and Bottom Injection

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2016年第13期6卷 860-867页

作者： Sofia Torres miguel A. barron Departamento de Materiales Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Azcapotzalco Mexico City Mexico

The stirring of a molten steel ladle with argon injection through a top submerged lance and a bottom nozzle is numerically studied here through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. Three lance submergence depths and three injection velocities are considered in the CFD numerical experiments. The turbulent dissipation rate is employed to characterize the stirring phenomenon. The mixing times are determined from the gas flow rate, ladle geometry and bath depth using an empirical correlation.

关键词： Argon Injection CFD Simulations Gas Stirring Mixing Time Molten Steel Ladle Stirring Efficiency

Effect of the Density of Molten Metal on the Raining Phenomenon in Horizontal Centrifugal Casting

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第7期14卷 1918-1926页

作者： miguel A. barron Joan Reyes Departamento de Materiales Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Azcapotzalco Ciudad de Mexico Mexico

In this work the influence of the density of the molten metal on the emergence of the raining phenomenon in the horizontal centrifugal casting process is numerically studied. Transient 2D numerical simulations were carried out using Computational Fluid Dynamics software. Three molten metals with different density, namely aluminum, iron and lead, and three angular frequencies, namely 50, 66 and 77 rad/s were considered. It is found that the density of the molten metal significantly affects the emergence, transient or permanent, of the rain phenomenon. However, the magnitude and duration of the rain phenomenon depend on the angular frequency of the rotating mold. Likewise, since gravitational forces affect the metal according to its density, the value of the critical rotation speed of the mold is also affected.

关键词： Angular Frequency Centrifugal Force Computational Fluid Dynamics Critical Rotation Speed G Factor Horizontal Centrifugal Casting Molten Metal Density

Numerical Analysis of Slag Carry-Over during Molten Steel Draining

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2017年第11期7卷 611-616页

作者： Daniel Flores-Sanchez miguel A. barron Departmento De Materiales Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Mexico City Mexico

Slag carry-over during the draining of molten steel from a teeming ladle is numerically studied here. Two-phase isothermal transient 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations were employed to simulate the draining process. Two nozzle diameters, two nozzle positions and three slag heights were considered. From mass balances, the slag carry-over in terms of mass flow rate was obtained for each of the above variables. Besides, the draining times of the teeming ladle were estimated from theoretical considerations and CDF simulations, and compared.

关键词： CFD Simulations Draining Time Multiphase Flow Slag Carry-Over Teeming Ladle

Numerical Simulation of the Flow of a Molten Blast Furnace Slag in an Open Channel

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2024年第4期12卷 963-975页

作者： miguel A. barron Joan Reyes Aristeo Garrido Departamento de Materiales Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Azcapotzalco Mexico City Mexico

Despite its industrial importance, the flow of molten blast furnace slag in open channels has not been sufficiently studied. In this work, the unsteady non-uniform flow of a molten blast furnace slag in a rectangular open channel is numerically studied by solving the Saint-Venant equations by means of an explicit backwards finite difference scheme. An Arrhenius-type dependence of the viscosity of the slag on temperature is assumed. To calculate that viscosity, four temperatures are considered, namely 1450˚C, 1500˚C, 1550˚C and 1600˚C. To study the dynamic response of the system, a half-sinusoidal pulse with duration of 5 s is imposed at the channel entrance. According to the numerical simulations, for all the temperatures considered, the slag flow in the channel for an angle of 5 degrees is supercritical in nature. However, for an angle of 1 degree, the flow is transcritical, that is, it presents a transition from subcritical to supercritical.

关键词： Blast Furnace Slag Molten Slag Open Channel Flow Saint-Venant Equations Supercritical Flow Transcritical Flow

Temperature Drop of Molten Metals in Open Channels

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2024年第3期12卷 493-500页

作者： miguel A. barron-Meza Joan Reyes-Miranda Departamento de Materiales Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Azcapotzalco Ciudad de Mexico Mexico

The temperature drop of molten metal flowing in open channels is numerically determined. Rectangular, trapezoidal and triangular geometries are considered. The overall heat transfer coefficients for the bottom, side walls and free surface of the channel have been taken from the literature. For each geometry, the volumetric flow rate, mean residence time and temperature drop as a function of the channel inclination angle were determined. The rectangular and trapezoidal geometries present the smallest temperature drops, while the triangular geometry presents the greatest temperature drop. The factors that most affect this drop are the value of the free surface area of the channel, and the average residence time of the molten metal in the channel.

关键词： Free Surface Heat Transfer Molten Metal Open Channel Geometry Residence Time Temperature Drop

Analysis of the Flow of a Molten Slag in an Open Channel Using Transient and Steady-State Solutions of the Saint-Venant Equations

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2024年第4期12卷 976-986页

作者： miguel A. barron Joan Reyes Aristeo Garrido Departamento de Materiales Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Azcapotzalco Ciudad de Mexico Mexico

In recent years, metallurgical slags have been increasingly used as materials for the manufacture of cement, pavement and filling material. The transport of the molten slag to the receiving pots is carried out through open channels. The transient and steady-state flow of a molten slag in a rectangular open channel is numerically analyzed here. For the transient flow, the Saint-Venant equations were numerically solved. For the steady-state flow, the derivatives in time and space in the Saint-Venant equations were set equal to zero and a polynomial of degree 3 is obtained whose roots are the slag height values. It was assumed that the viscosity of the slag has an Arrhenius-type behavior with temperature. Four values of temperature values, namely 1723.15, 1773.15, 1823.15, 18873.15 ˚K, and five values of the angle of inclination of the channel, namely 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 degrees, are considered. Numerical results show that the steady-state values of the height and velocity of the molten slag depend strongly on the temperature of the slag and the angle of inclination of the channel. As the slag temperature and channel angle increase, the value of the steady-state slag height decreases. The value of the steady-state slag velocity increases as the slag temperature and channel inclination angle increase.

关键词： Molten Slag Open Channel Phase-Portrait Saint-Venant Equations Steady State Transient Solution

Velocity Monitoring of Molten Steel in a Continuous Casting Mold Using Three Submerged Entry Nozzle Designs

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Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Material Science 2016年第4期6卷 59-68页

作者： Raul Miranda miguel A. barron Carlos A. Hernandez Departamento de Electronica Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Azcapotzalco Ciudad de Mexico Mexico Departamento de Materiales Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Azcapotzalco Ciudad de Mexico Mexico

The horizontal and vertical velocity components of molten steel in a slab continuous casting mold produced by three different two-port Submerged Entry Nozzle (SEN) designs are monitored and compared using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. These two ports designs correspond to a conventional cylindrical SEN, a plate SEN and an anchor-shaped SEN. Four monitoring points at the molten steel in the centered vertical plane were selected to track the horizontal and the vertical component of the velocity vector. Two of them are located near the free surface and the remaining two are located in the vicinity of the SEN discharge nozzles. Some statistical values of the time series of above the velocity components are analyzed and correlated with the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability and the Karman vortex streets, which cause mold powder entrapment in the molten steel.

关键词： Computational Fluid Dynamics Continuous Casting Molten Steel Mold Powder Entrapment Submerged Entry Nozzle Velocity Monitoring

Anchor-Shaped Design of a Submerged Entry Nozzle for the Continuous Casting of Steel

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2016年第9期6卷 593-600页

作者： Carlos A. Hernandez miguel A. barron Raul Miranda Departamento de Materiales Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Azcapotzalco Mexico City Mexico Departamento de Electronica Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Azcapotzalco Mexico City Mexico

An anchor-shaped geometrical design for a Submerged Entry Nozzle for the slab continuous casting of steel is presented in this work. To evaluate its performance, transient 3D multiphase numerical simulations were carried out using the Computational Fluid Dynamics technique. The performance of the proposed nozzle is numerically compared with that of a conventional cylindrical nozzle. Computer results show that the chance of formation of Karman’s vortexes and powder entrapment becomes small for the anchor-shaped SEN.

关键词： Anchor-Shaped SEN Computational Fluid Dynamics Continuous Casting Numerical Simulations Slab Casting Submerged Entry Nozzle