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The promise of liquid biopsy in cancer:a clinical perspective

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2015年第5期27卷 488-490页

作者： Enrico Cortesi michela Palleschi Valentina Magri Giuseppe Naso Medical Oncology Unit Department of Radiological Oncological and Pathological SciencesSapienzaUniversity of Rome

The clinical utility of liquid biopsy in cancer treatment will increase as circulating tumor cells （CTCs） analysis move from the enumeration to the real-time measurement of tumor characteristics. Intratumor heterogeneity is becoming increasingly recognized as a major drawback to the shift to personalized medicine. Spatial and temporal heterogeneity might be reflected by the serial assessment of CTCs. Indeed, the developing technologies for CTCs analysis now allow digital genomic and next- generation sequencing approaches, able to differentiate molecular subtypes of the disease and to monitor genetic variation over time. The liquid biopsy of cancer might offer a real-time assessment of tumor biology, providing the opportunity to serially evaluate patients most likely to benefit from targeted drugs based on a dynamic characterization of the disease at the molecular level. Mthough hurdles remain before liquid biopsy is seen in routine clinical practice, the information derived from CTCs may facilitate the real-time identification of actionable mutations in cancer leading the way toward personalized medicine.

关键词： Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) breast liquid biopsy cancer

Laboratory study of fracture initiation and propagation in Barre granite under fluid pressure at stress state close to failure

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2023年第3期15卷 538-550页

作者： Bing Q.Li michela Casanova Herbert H.Einstein Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUSA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Western UniversityLondonCanada School of Architecture Civil and Environmental EngineeringÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland

Hydraulic fracturing is frequently used to increase the permeability of rock formations in energy extraction scenarios such as unconventional oil and gas extraction and enhanced geothermal systems(EGSs).The present study addresses uncertainties in the hydraulic fracturing process pertaining to EGSs in crystalline rock such as ***,there is debate in the literature on the mechanisms(*** and/or shear)by which these fractures initiate,propagate,and *** present experiments on Barre granite with pre-cut flaws where the material is loaded to high far-field stresses close to shear failure,and then the fluid pressure in the flaws is increased to move the Mohr’s circle to the left and observe the initiation and propagation of fractures using high-speed imaging and acoustic emissions(AEs).We find that the hydraulic fractures initiate as tensile microcracks at the flaw tips,and then propagate as a combination of tensile and shear *** focal mechanisms also show elevated levels of tensional microfracturing near the flaw tips during pressurization and final *** then consider a numerical model of the experimental setup,where we find that fractures are indeed likely to initiate at flaw tips in tension even at relatively high far-field stresses of 40 MPa where shear failure is generally expected.

关键词： Acoustic emission(AE) Hydraulic fracturing Enhanced geothermal system(EGS) Microseismicity

Maize response to nitrogen and phosphorus starter fertilisation in mineral-fertilised or manured systems

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The Crop Journal 2023年第3期11卷 922-932页

作者： michela Battisti Barbara Moretti Massimo Blandino Carlo Grignani Laura Zavattaro Department of Agricultural Forest and Food SciencesUniversity of TurinLargo Braccini 2Grugliasco 10095TOItaly Department of Veterinary Sciences University of TurinLargo Braccini 2Grugliasco 10095TOItaly

Phosphorus(P)is an essential nutrient for maize production,but in temperate areas the P uptake during early growing stages can be limited due to low soil temperature,even though the soil was tested high in *** objective of this study was to assess the effects of nitrogen and phosphorous(NP)starter fertilisation during early growth stages and its carryover until maize harvest,in mineral-fertilised or manured systems.A field experiment was carried out in north-west Italy during the 2019 and 2020 growing *** trial compared sub-surface placement of NP(diammonium phosphate)or N alone(ammonium nitrate)in bands close to the maize seed furrows,in differing long-term(LT)fertilisation managements:two doses of urea(Min-L and Min-H),two doses of bovine slurry(Slu-L and Slu-H)or two doses of farmyard manure(Fym-L and Fym-H).The two rates,low(L)and high(H),corresponded to 170 and250 kg N ha^(-1)year^(-1) *** to N fertilisation,NP starter fertilisation improved early maize growth assessed by leaf area index(LAI)and shoot dry weight(SDW)in all *** effects differed between the two years(2019:LAI+63%,SDW+67%;2020:LAI+36%,SDW+38%),as 2019was cool during the first *** LAI and SDW values were confirmed at crop flowering in the mineral-fertilised systems *** shoot growth was enhanced by NP starter fertilisation,anthesis occurred 1 day earlier in all ***,a response to NP starter fertilisation at harvest was recorded in mineral-fertilised systems only(+1.3 and+3.2 t ha^(-1) in Min-L and Min-H,respectively).The uptake of P,used as a true indicator of soil nutrient availability,increased with increasing soil Olsen P until 39 mg kg^(-1).These results suggest that soil test thresholds should be revised for points above which P fertilisation should be suspended.

关键词： Long-term fertilisation Farmyard manure Bovine slurry Urea Diammonium phosphate

An interval-parameter two-stage optimization model for CO_(2) collection,distribution,transportation,utilization,and storage planning

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2021年第6期12卷 828-847页

作者： ZHAI Ming-Yang JIA Hai-Feng michela CATENA LI Qi-An School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China International Joint Laboratory on Low Carbon Clean Energy Innovation Ministry of EducationBeijing100084China

Geological carbon dioxide (CO_(2)) utilization and storage have been widely recognized as one of the important options to deliver greenhouse gas emissions reduction. Reasonable planning is critical to promote CO_(2) utilization and storage. However, CO_(2) emissions gas collection exhibits a stochastic probability distribution, and CO_(2) utilization and storage features fluctuation demands, which have gone beyond current determine planning techniques. To fulfill the current research gap, this study develops an interval-parameter two-stage programming-based CO_(2) collection, distribution, transportation, utilization, and storage optimization model, integrating interval parameter planning and two-stage planning into a general framework. Therefore, the model can address uncertainties expressed as random probabilistic distributions and discrete intervals, tackle dynamic facilities capacity expansion issues, develop optimal predefined CO_(2) distribution policy, and generate recourse schemes to address gas shortage or gas surplus issues. The model is examined by a typical hypnotical case study in China. The results revealed that the model could generate a set of first-stage reasonable CO_(2) distribution and facilities capacity expansion schemes to maximum system beneﬁts and the highest feasibility. Besides, a set of two-stage CO_(2) outsourcing purchases and facilities capacity expansion in reserve storage regions solutions were also generated to address the gas oversupplies and shortage issues. The modeling approach enriches the current CO_(2) utilization and storage distribution research content under multiple uncertainties.

关键词： CO_(2)gas collection Transportation CO_(2)geological utilization and storage Supply and distribution planning Interval-parameter programming Two-stage programming Uncertainties

Probing Variation in the Effectiveness of Development Aid:Lessons from the Case of Chinese Aid and Western Aid in Guinea and C?te D’ivoire

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Probing Variation in the Effectiveness of Development Aid:Le...

作者： michela Gioachini 华东师范大学

学位级别：硕士

外国援助对经济增长的有效性一直存在争议。自中非加强合作以来,中国的援助受到一些西方国家的非议,因为中国政府没有公布有关中国援助的完整官方信息。本文旨在检验西方援助和中国援助对受援国经济增长的有效性是否确实存在差异。这项... 详细信息

外国援助对经济增长的有效性一直存在争议。自中非加强合作以来,中国的援助受到一些西方国家的非议,因为中国政府没有公布有关中国援助的完整官方信息。本文旨在检验西方援助和中国援助对受援国经济增长的有效性是否确实存在差异。这项工作调查了西方和中国向几内亚和科特迪瓦提供的官方发展援助之间的关系。分析是通过比较案例进行的,审查了中国和西方官方发展援助数额与受援国国内生产总值年增长之间的相互关系。研究发现,在几内亚和科特迪瓦,中国援助的增加和较高的国内生产总值增长之间存在着直接的联系。中国官方发展援助与增长之间的积极关系可以归因于中国的援助数额巨大,这使得受援国政府能够增加生产部门的支出。此外,由于中国的援助主要涉及大型基础设施项目,它为建筑业创造了就业机会,并有助于改善和扩大运输系统,从而增加了贸易和出口,并促进了经济增长。相反,西方援助非常重视卫生和教育部门,因此促进受援国的人类发展,但对国内生产总值增长的影响不大。

关键词：外国援助援助效力官方发展援助中国几内亚科特迪瓦

Endoluminal vacuum-assisted therapy as a treatment for anastomotic leakage in colorectal surgery

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第28期28卷 3747-3752页

作者： Maria michela Chiarello Valentina Bianchi Pietro Fransvea Giuseppe Brisinda Department of Surgery Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di CosenzaCosenza 87100Italy Emergency Surgery and Trauma Center Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCSRome 00168taly Medical and Surgical Sciences Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCSRome 00168Italy

Anastomotic leakage(AL)has a wide range of clinical features ranging from radiological only findings to peritonitis and sepsis with multiorgan *** early diagnosis of AL is essential in order to establish the most appropriate treatment for this *** AL continues to be a dreadful complication after colorectal surgery,there has been no consensus on its ***,based on patient’s presentation and timing of the AL,there has been a gradual shift to a more conservative management,keeping surgery as the last option Reoperation for sepsis control is rarely necessary especially in those patients who already have a diverting stoma at the time of the leak.A nonoperative management is usually preferred in these *** are several treatment options,also for patients without a stoma who do not require a reoperation for a contained pelvic leak,including recently developed endoscopic procedures,such as clip placement or endoluminal vacuum-assisted *** conservative treatments could be an option in patients who are clinically stable or in presence of a small defect.

关键词： Anastomotic leakage Colorectal cancer Colorectal surgery Mortality Morbidity

Colonic Crohn’s disease-decision is more important than incision:A surgical dilemma

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2021年第1期13卷 1-6页

作者： Maria michela Chiarello Maria Cariati Giuseppe Brisinda Department of Surgery General Surgery Operative UnitSan Giovanni di Dio HospitalCrotone 88900Italy Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Abdominal Surgery Clinical AreaCatholic School of MedicineFondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCSRome 00168Italy

The most common localization for intestinal Crohn’s disease(CD)is the terminal ileum and ileocecal *** is estimated that patients with CD have one in four chance of undergoing surgery during their *** surgery in ulcerative colitis ultimately cures the disease,in CD,regardless of the extent of bowel removed,the risk of disease recurrence is as high as 40%.In elective surgery,management of isolated Crohn’s colitis continues to *** on the type of surgery performed,colonic CD patients often require further medical or surgical therapy to prevent or treat *** elective surgical treatment of colonic CD is strictly dependent on the localization of disease,and the choice of the procedure is dependent of the extent of colonic involvement and previous *** most common surgical options in colonic CD are total proctocolectomy(TPC)with permanent ileostomy,segmental bowel resection,subtotal *** completely removes all colonic and rectal disease and avoids the use of a potentially diseased *** will review current options for the elective surgical treatment of colonic CD,based on the current literature and our own personal experience.

关键词： Crohn’s disease Colonic Crohn’s disease Surgery Surgical treatment Colonic resection Segmental colectomy Total colectomy

Is current clinical practice modified about intraoperative breast irradiation?

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2016年第2期28卷 146-149页

作者： michela Massa Simonetta Franchelli Renzo Panizza Tiberio Massa Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery SS.Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo Hospital Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery IRCCS AOU San Martino-ISTNational Institute of Cancer Research Diagnostic Mammography Department IRCCS AOU San Martino-ISTNational Institute of Cancer Research

After the results obtained in the two randomized clinical trial, the ELIOT trial and the TARGIT-A trial, a heated debate is going on concerning the question of applying intraoperative radiotherapy （IORT） instead of postoperative whole breast irradiation （WBI） after breast conservative treatment. Currently, many centers are applying the IORT following the strict selection criteria dictated by the working groups American Society for Radiation Ontology （ASTRO） and Groupe Europeen de Curietherapie-European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology （GEC-ESTRO） and monitoring the oncological outcome together with radiation toxicity on breast tissue. The clinical experience of the Geneva University Hospital regarding the use of the Intrabeam system is evaluated and compared with current evidences.

关键词： Breast cancer intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) radiation toxicity

Autoimmune hepatitis treatment in the elderly: A systematic review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第22期25卷 2809-2818页

作者： Marilena Durazzo Giulia Lupi michela ScANDella Arianna Ferro Gabriella Gruden Department of Medical Sciences University of Turin

BACKGROUND Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a rare chronic inflammatory liver disease with a high risk of progression to liver cirrhosis. The initial treatment for AIH usually includes a steroid, with or without azathioprine. AIH can present at any age;however, the most effective and safe induction treatment for AIH in the elderly remains unclear. AIM To systematically review available data on both effectiveness and safety of AIH treatments in elderly subjects. METHODS To identify studies on AIH induction treatment in elderly patients (≥ 60 years of age), an electronic research was performed (PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases) until February 2019. Eligible studies were selected through screening of titles and abstracts, followed by full-text critical evaluation. After risk of bias assessment, data on study designs, interventions, and outcomes were extracted and reviewed. RESULTS Among the 1736 retrieved papers, 15 studies were selected. Out of them, eight studies were excluded because of a critical risk of bias. The remaining seven studies included 789 patients and out of them 239 subjects were elders. First-line treatment was a steroid either alone or in combination with azathioprine in most patients (87.6%) and only one study investigated the effect of combined steroid and mycophenolate mofetil therapy. Standard therapy was effective in inducing remission in the elderly. Moreover, treatment failure and relapses occurred less often in the elderly compared to younger *** Treatment of AIH is challenging in elderly patients. This systematic review confirms the efficacy and safety of standard induction treatment for AIH in the elderly. Available evidence is insufficient to draw any conclusion on the effect of novel AIH treatments in elderly subjects.

关键词： Autoimmune hepatitis Elderly patients Aged Steroids Azathioprine Mycophenolate mofetil