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A novel multi-shot target platform for laser-driven laboratory astrophysics experiments

2007年

作者： edited by Ildikó Lázár ... [ et al.] written by michaela ?aňková ... [ et al.].

ISBN: (纸本)9287162255

The aim of this publication is to assist teacher educators and language teachers in shifting the focus from linguistic competence to intercultural communicative competence. The printed booklet of the present guide contains the introductions to: definitions of key terms in intercultural communication; planning and designing intercultural communication courses and workshops; teaching/training methods and materials; and assessing intercultural communicative competence. The materials on the accompanying CD-ROM include: the theoretical background to teaching language and culture; detailed workshop and course planning guidelines; teaching materials and activities based on literature, films and songs; guidelines and tasks for assessment and descriptors of competences; intercultural communication

关键词： Intercultural communication Study and teaching Europe. Language and culture Study and teaching Europe.

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2023年第2期11卷 11-19页

作者： Pablo Perez-Martin Irene Prencipe Manfred Sobiella Fabian Donat Ning Kang Zhiyu He Huiya Liu Lei Ren Zhiyong Xie Jun Xiong Yan Zhang Florian-Emanuel Brack MichalČervenák Pavel Gajdoš Lenka Hronová Kakolee Kaniz michaela Kozlová Florian Kroll Xiayun Pan Gabriel Schaumann Sushil Singh MichalŠmíd Francisco Suzuki-Vidal Panzheng Zhang Jinren Sun Jianqiang Zhu Miroslav Krůs Katerina Falk Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Institute of Radiation PhysicsDresdenGermany Technische Universität Dresden DresdenGermany Key Laboratory of High Power Laser and Physics Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina Shanghai Institute of Laser Plasma China Academy of Engineering PhysicsShanghaiChina Institute of Plasma Physics Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic Czech Technical University Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical EngineeringPragueCzech Republic Department of Physics Jagannath UniversityDhakaBangladesh ELI-Beamlines Institute of PhysicsCzech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic Institute for Nuclear Physics Technical University of DarmstadtDarmstadtGermany Institute of Physics Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic Blackett Laboratory Imperial CollegeLondonUnited Kingdom First Light Fusion Oxford Industrial ParkYarntonOxfordUnited Kingdom

A new approach to target development for laboratory astrophysics experiments at high-power laser facilities is *** the dawn of high-power lasers,laboratory astrophysics has emerged as a field,bringing insight into physical processes in astrophysical objects,such as the formation of *** important factor for success in these experiments is *** date,targets have mainly relied on expensive and challenging microfabrication *** design presented incorporates replaceable machined parts that assemble into a structure that defines the experimental *** can make targets cheaper and faster to manufacture,while maintaining robustness and *** platform is intended for experiments on plasma flows,but it is flexible and may be adapted to the constraints of other experimental *** of targets used in experimental campaigns are shown,including a design for insertion in a high magnetic field *** results are included,demonstrating the performance of the targets.

关键词： high magnetic fields laboratory astrophysics laser-plasma interaction magnetized plasmas target design

Pectin May Hinder the Unfolding of Xyloglucan Chains during Cell Deformation： Implications of the Mechanical Performance of Arabidopsis Hypocotyls with Pectin Alterations

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Molecular Plant 2009年第5期2卷 990-999页

作者： Willie Abasolo michaela Eder Kazuchika Yamauchi Nicolai Obel Antje Reinecke Lutz Neumetzler John W.C. Dunlop Gregory Mouille Markus Pauly Herman Hofte Ingo Burgert Max-Planck-lnstitute of Colloids and Interfaces Department of Biomaterials Potsdam Germany College of Forestry and Natural Resources University of the Philippines Los Banos Philippines Department of Socio-Environmental Energy Science Kyoto University Japan Max-Planck-lnstitute for Molecular Plant Physiology Potsdam Germany Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire UR501 Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin INRA Versailles France Michigan State University Plant Research Laboratory East Lansing Michigan USA

Plant cell walls, like a multitude of other biological materials, are natural fiber-reinforced composite materials. Their mechanical properties are highly dependent on the interplay of the stiff fibrous phase and the soft matrix phase and on the matrix deformation itself. Using specific Arabidopsis thaliana mutants, we studied the mechanical role of the matrix assembly in primary cell walls of hypocotyls with altered xyloglucan and pectin composition. Standard microtensile tests and cyclic loading protocols were performed on tour1 hypocotyls with affected RGII borate diester cross-links and a hindered xyloglucan fucosylation as well as qua2 exhibiting 50% less homogalacturonan in comparison to wild-type. As a control, wild-type plants （Col-0） and mur2 exhibiting a specific xyloglucan fucosylation and no differences in the pectin network were utilized. In the standard tensile tests, the ultimate stress levels （-tensile strength） of the hypocotyls of the mutants with pectin alterations （mur1, qua2） were rather unaffected, whereas their tensile stiffness was noticeably reduced in comparison to Col-0. The cyclic loading tests indicated a stiffening of all hypocotyls after the first cycle and a plastic deformation during the first straining, the degree of which, however, was much higher for tour1 and qua2 hypocotyls. Based on the mechanical data and current cell wall models, it is assumed that folded xyloglucan chains between cellulose fibrils may tend to unfold during straining of the hypocotyls. This response is probably hindered by geometrical constraints due to pectin rigidity.

关键词： Arabidopsis thaliana mutants cellulose xyloglucan pectin cyclic loading tests.

Resveratrol modifies biliary secretion of cholephilic compounds in sham-operated and cholestatic rats

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第43期23卷 7678-7692页

作者： Eva Dolezelova Alena Prasnicka Jolana Cermanova Alejandro Carazo Lucie Hyrsova Milos Hroch Jaroslav Mokry michaela Adamcova Alena Mrkvicova Petr Pavek Stanislav Micuda Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Charles UniversityFaculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Pharmacology Charles UniversityFaculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Charles UniversityFaculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Medical Biochemistry Charles UniversityFaculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove Department of Histology and Embryology Charles UniversityFaculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove Department of Physiology Charles UniversityFaculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove

AIM To investigate the effect of resveratrol on biliary secretion of cholephilic compounds in healthy and bile duct-obstructed rats. METHODS Resveratrol(RSV) or saline were administered to rats by daily oral gavage for 28 d after sham operation or reversible bile duct obstruction(BDO). Bile was collected 24 h after the last gavage during an intravenous bolus dose of the Mdr1/Mrp2 substrate azithromycin. Bile acids,glutathione and azithromycin were measured in bile to quantify their level of biliary secretion. Liver expression of enzymes and transporters relevant for bile production and biliary secretion of major bile constituents and drugs were analyzed at the m RNA and protein levels using q RT-PCR and Western blot analysis,respectively. The TR-FRET PXR Competitive Binding Assay kit was used to determine the agonism of RSV at the pregnane X receptor. RESULTS RSV increased bile flow in sham-operated rats due to increased biliary secretion of bile acids(BA) and glutathione. This effect was accompanied by the induction of the hepatic rate-limiting transporters for bile acids and glutathione,Bsep and Mrp2,respectively. RSV also induced Cyp7 a1,an enzyme that is crucial for bile acid synthesis; Mrp4,a transporter important for BA secretion from hepatocytes to blood; and Mdr1,the major apical transporter for xenobiotics. The findings were supported by increased biliary secretion of azithromycin. The TR-FRET PXR competitive binding assay confirmed RSV as a weak agonist of the human nuclear receptor PXR,which is a transcriptional regulator of Mdr1/Mrp2. RSV demonstrated significant hepatoprotective properties against BDO-induced cirrhosis. RSV also reduced bile flow in BDO rats without any corresponding change in the levels of the transporters and enzymes involved in RSV-mediated hepatoprotection. CONCLUSION Resveratrol administration for 28 d has a distinct effect on bile flow and biliary secretion of cholephilic compounds in healthy and bile duct-obstructed rats.

关键词： Resveratrol 胆汁生产胆汁酸 Pregnane X 受体 Azithromycin

Metastases of esophageal carcinoma to skeletal muscle:Single center experience

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第35期18卷 4962-4966页

作者： Jan Cincibuch Miroslav Myslivecek Bohuslav Melichar estmír Neoral Iva Metelková michaela Zezulová Hana Procházková-tudentová Patrik Flodr Miloslava Zlevorová René Aujesky Karel Cwiertka Department of Oncology Palacky University Medical School and Teaching Hospital Department of Nuclear Medicine Palacky University Medical School and Teaching Hospital 1st Department of Surgery Palacky University Medical School and Teaching Hospital Department of Pathology Palacky University Medical School and Teaching Hospital

Metastases of esophageal carcinoma to the skeletal muscle are rare,but the incidence may be increasing because of better diagnosis resulting from widespread use of positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT).A cohort of 205 patients with esophageal carcinoma treated at our center who had PET/CT between 2006 and 2010 was retrospectively evaluated for the presence of skeletal muscle *** patients had skeletal muscle metastases of esophageal carcinoma,including two patients with squamous cell *** another patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus and synchronous skeletal muscle metastases,muscle metastases were subsequently shown to be related to second primary pancreatic *** all cases,skeletal muscle metastases were the first manifestation of systemic *** three patients palliation was obtained with the combination of external beam radiation therapy,systemic chemotherapy or surgical *** muscle metastases are a rare complication of esophageal carcinoma.

关键词：骨骼肌食管癌放射治疗正电子发射鳞状细胞癌全身性疾病上皮细胞手术切除

Compositional variations of active autotrophic bacteria in paddy soils with elevated CO_(2) and temperature

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Soil Ecology Letters 2020年第4期2卷 295-307页

作者： Chen Zhu Ning Ling Ling Li Xiaoyu Liu michaela A.Dippold Xuhui Zhang Shiwei Guo Yakov Kuzyakov Qirong Shen Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems Department of Agricultural Soil ScienceUniversity of Goettingen37073 GöttingenGermany Institute of Environmental Sciences Kazan Federal University420049 KazanRussia Agro-Technology Institute RUDN University117198 MoscowRussia

Global warming is an increasingly serious ecological problem,we examined how the active autotrophic microbes in paddy soils respond to the elevated CO_(2) and *** we employed stable isotope probing(SIP)to label the active bacteria using the soil samples from a fully factorial Simulated Climate Change(SCC)field experiment where soils were exposed to ambient CO_(2) and temperature,elevated temperature,elevated CO_(2),and both elevated CO_(2) and *** 28.9% of active OTUs belonged to ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB)and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria(NOB).Nitrosospira taxa was dominant in all soils and 80.4% of carbon-fixing bacteria under elevated temperature were classified as Nitrosomonas *** no labeled NOBs were detected when temperature or CO_(2) were elevated independently,diverse NOBs were detected in the ambient *** found that elevated CO_(2) and temperature had contrasting effects on microbial community composition,while relatively small changes were observed when CO_(2) and temperature were elevated *** these results suggest that carbon-fixing bacteria can respond positively to elevated CO_(2) concentrations,but when it’s accompanied with increase in the temperature this positive response could be *** abiotic factors thus need to be considered when predicting how microbial communities will respond to multiple climatic factors.

关键词： Climate change Paddy soil Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria Nitrite-oxidizing bacteria Stable isotope probing Microbial community

Ternary Ni-Co-Fe oxyhydroxide oxygen evolution catalysts:Intrinsic activity trends,electrical conductivity,and electronic band structure

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Nano Research 2019年第9期12卷 2288-2295页

作者： michaela Burke Stevens Lisa J. Enman Ester Hamal Korkus Jeremie Zaffran Christina D. M. Trang James Asbury Matthew G. Kast Maytal Caspary Toroker Shannon W. Boettcher Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute University of OregonEugeneOR 97403USA Department of Materials Science & Engineering and The Nancy & Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program Technion Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa 3200003Israel

Nickel-,cobalt-,and iron-based(oxy)hydroxides comprise the most-commonly studied electrocatalysts for the oxygen-evolution reaction(OER)in alkaline solution.A fundamental understanding of composition-structure-activity relationships for mixed-metal Ni-Co and Ni-Co-Fe(oxy)hydroxides is important to guide the design of advanced OER *** we use cyclic voltammetry,chronopotentiometry,inductively-coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy,and in situ electrical conductivity measurements to characterize the properties and activity of various compositions of Ni-Co-Fe(oxy)hydroxides prepared by cathodic *** with previous studies,we find Fe is essential for the mixed-metal(oxy)hydroxides to achieve high OER *** the rigorous absence of Fe(achieved by using specially cleaned electrolytes),the most-active Ni-Co(oxy)hydroxide composition has an OER turn-over frequency only twice that ofpure Co(oxy)hydroxide,suggesting minimal synergism between the two *** addition of Co to Ni-Fe(oxy)hydroxides shifts the onset of electrical conductivity to lower potentials,but has little effect on the intrinsic OER activity,with the most-active Ni-Co-Fe(oxy)hydroxide having an OER turn-over frequency only -1.5 times that of the Ni-Fe(oxy)*** magnitudes of the electrical conductivities are similar for all the compositions ***-functional-theory-calculated projected density of states show a significant contribution of all chemical elements at the valence band edge of the mixed-metal oxyhydroxide electronic structure,demonstrating significant electronic hybridization between the *** calculations suggest the involvement of all the elements in modulating the electronic structure at putative Fe-based active sites that are probably located at edges or defects in the two-dimensional oxyhydroxide sheets.

关键词： electrocatalysis heterogeneous catalysis water electrolysis oxygen evolution density functional theory

Intake of Minerals from Food Supplements in a German Population—A Nationwide Survey

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2015年第2期6卷 205-215页

作者： Janina Willers michaela Heinemann Norman Bitterlich Andreas Hahn Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition Leibniz University Hannover Germany Medizin & Service GmbH Department of Biostatistics Chemnitz Germany

Introduction: Studies indicate that 17.9% - 60% of adults in Germany and Europe regularly use food supplements. Some reports suggest that their use might be responsible for excessive nutrient intake. The purpose of this survey was to examine the quantitative mineral intakes from food supplements: whether the tolerable upper intake levels (ULs) with supplements alone, or in combination with food was exceeded was checked. Methods: The survey was carried out by the Association for Consumer Research, Nürnberg, Germany. Anonymous data of 1070 supplement users (40.8% men, 59.2% women) aged 18 - 93 years were available. Three groups were examined based on dietary and supplemental mineral intakes: average, middle-high and high intake. Results: The mean number of supplements reported was 1.6 ± 1.1 products in men and 1.5 ± 0.9 products in women. The minerals most frequently consumed were magnesium, followed by calcium, zinc and selenium. The percentage of the supplement users with total intakes greater than the UL was minimal for all minerals. Supplement use in 143 cases increased the likelihood of intakes above the UL only for magnesium. Subjects particularly in the high intake group—as a worst case scenario—had intakes above the UL in the case of calcium (n = 23) and zinc (n = 34). The percentage of subjects taking several products was greater in subjects exceeding the UL than in those below (P < 0.001). Multiple use was seen significantly more often in men than in women (P < 0.01). Conclusions: In this survey, supplement use was generally not associated with excessive intake. Supplement use resulted in intakes above the UL in only a few cases relating to magnesium, calcium and zinc. This applies more often to elderly subjects and particularly to those who already have a high mineral intake from food in the model calculation.

关键词： Food Supplements Minerals Survey Tolerable Upper Intake Level Multiple Uses

基于系统动力学的青少年吸烟成瘾健康教育模型探索

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上海交通大学学报（医学版） 2015年第2期35卷 161-165页

作者：施莉莉蔡雨阳 Tabacaru michaela Erling Moxnes 上海交通大学公共卫生学院上海200025 卑尔根大学系统动力学研究中心

目的建立一种针对青少年的、基于计算机交互的、动态且可视化的吸烟成瘾健康教育模型,使青少年在操作模型的过程中了解吸烟成瘾的机制,对吸烟的危害获得进一步的认识。方法应用系统动力学方法,根据吸烟成瘾生理学机制,构造动态教育模型... 详细信息

目的建立一种针对青少年的、基于计算机交互的、动态且可视化的吸烟成瘾健康教育模型,使青少年在操作模型的过程中了解吸烟成瘾的机制,对吸烟的危害获得进一步的认识。方法应用系统动力学方法,根据吸烟成瘾生理学机制,构造动态教育模型,通过模型检测和初步仿真,以验证该模型的正确性、有效性和教育作用。结果该模型结构可以正确演示吸烟成瘾的机制,且在极端赋值的情况下仍能正常运作。通过在计算机上进行该模型的仿真演练,证明了青少年在实验前后对自己是否能控制吸烟的认识有明显差异。结论该模型能帮助青少年认识到自己很难将吸烟数量长期维持在较低水平,所以不可能仅通过自控方法避免吸烟成瘾,对青少年具有一定的警示和教育作用。

关键词：烟草控制健康教育系统动力学

Vaccination against urinary tract infections caused by <i>E. coli</i>

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2013年第3期4卷 487-492页

作者： Hartwig Wilhelm Bauer Hira Shams Ricarda michaela Bauer Urological Clinic Maximilian Urological Clinic LM Universitiy München München Germany

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) causes uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI) depicts a prevalent and potentially uncompromising infectious disease. In this analysis, we explained the functions of an immunoproteomics concept to vaccine development that has been successfully employed to recognize vaccine targets in other pathogenic bacteria. Pyelonephritis strains E. coli CFT073 are used for outer membrane isolation mimics urinary tract environment in which iron limitation, osmotic stress, human urine, and exposure to uroepithelial cells are included. During experiments of UTI, the antigens that induce the humoral immune response is to identified, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis are employed for the isolation of outer membrane protein and probed using pooled antisera from 20 CBA/J mice chronically infected with E. coli CFT073. 23 total outer membrane antigens, in which a unique iron compound receptor is included, are reacted with antisera and were identified by mass spectrometry. These antigens comprises of proteins with known functions in UPEC pathogenesis such as, ChuA, IroN, IreA, Iha, IutA, and FliC. These all information and data elaborate that these factors are associated with virulence during UTI are directed by antibody response. We also represents that the genes encoding ChuA, IroN, hypothetical protein c2482, and IutA are significantly more prevalent among UPEC strains than among fecal-commensal E. coli isolates. Therefore we concluded that, the outer membrane antigens are identified in this study are conserved, could be reflective part for the UTI vaccine generated to induce protective immunity against UPEC infections.

关键词： Pyelonephritis Outer Membrane Antigen Iron Compound Receptors