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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1417-1418页

作者： Jonathan Witton Erica S.Brady michael T.Craig department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health and Life SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterEnglandUK Gladstone Institute for Neurological disease San FranciscoCAUSA School of Psychology and Neuroscience College of MedicalVeterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowScotlandUK

dementia is a devastating syndrome characterized by memory problems,confusion,and behavior changes that prevent people from performing everyday *** is the leading cause of dependency and disability amongst older people,resulting in a global economic cost of ~$1.3 *** 58 million people are currently afflicted by dementia worldwide,with Alzheimer s disease(Ad) causing most(60-70%) of these cases.

关键词： Alzheimer everyday performing

Application of a simplified AdM1 for full-scale anaerobic co-digestion of cattle slurry and grass silage:assessment of input variability

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第4期18卷 125-139页

作者： Sofia Tisocco Sören Weinrich Gary Lyons michael Wills Xinmin Zhan Paul Crosson Civil Engineering College of Science and EngineeringUniversity of GalwayGalwayH91 TK33Ireland Teagasc Animal and Bioscience Research department Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation CentreDunsanyC15 PW93Ireland Biochemical Conversion department Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum gemeinnützige GmbHLeipzig 04347Germany Faculty of Energy·Building Services·Environmental Engineering Münster University of Applied SciencesSteinfurt 48565Germany Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute HillsboroughBT266DRUK Ryan Institute University of GalwayGalwayH91 TK33Ireland MaREI Research Centre for Energy Climate and MarineRyan InstituteUniversity of GalwayGalwayH91 TK33Ireland

Mathematical modeling of anaerobic digestion is a powerful tool to predict gas yields and optimize the *** Anaerobic digestion Model No.1(AdM1)is a widely implemented model for this ***,modeling full-scale biogas plants is challenging due to the extensive substrate and parameter characterization *** study describes the modification of the AdM1 through a simplification of individual process phases,characteristic components and required ***,the ability of the simplified model to simulate the co-digestion of grass silage and cattle slurry was evaluated using data from a full-scale biogas *** impacts of substrate composition(crude carbohydrate,protein and lipid concentration)and variability of carbohydrate degradability on simulation results were assessed to identify the most influential *** indicated that the simplified version was able to depict biogas and biomethane production with average model efficiencies,according to the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency(NSE)coefficient,of 0.70 and 0.67,respectively,and was comparable to the original AdM1(average model efficiencies of 0.71 and 0.63,respectively).The variability of crude carbohydrate,protein and lipid concentration did not significantly impact biogas and biomethane output for the data sets *** contrast,carbohydrate degradability seemed to explain much more of the variability in the biogas and methane ***,the application of simplified models provides a reliable basis for the process simulation and optimization of full-scale agricultural biogas plants.

关键词： AdM1 Agricultural feedstocks Biogas technology Input variability Parameter estimation

Portal vein pulsatility:An important sonographic tool assessment of systemic congestion for critical ill patients

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World Journal of Cardiology 2024年第5期16卷 221-225页

作者： Stavros dimopoulos michael Antonopoulos Cardiac Surgery ICU Onassis Cardiac Surgery CenterKallithea 17674Greece

In this editorial we comment on the article by Kuwahara et al,published in the recent issue of the World Journal of *** this interesting paper,the authors showed a correlation between portal vein pulsatility ratio,examined by bedside ultrasonography,and prognosis of hospitalized patients with acute heart *** congestion is being notoriously underdetected in the acutely ill population with conventional methods like clinical examination,biomarkers,central venous pressure estimation and ***,congestion should be a key therapeutic target due to its deleterious effects to end organ function and subsequently patient *** flow assessment of the abdominal veins is gaining popularity worldwide,as a valuable tool in estimating comprehensively congestion and giving a further insight into hemodynamics and patient management.

关键词： Systemic congestion Organ perfusion Hemodynamics Central venous pressure Point of care ultrasound Venous excess ultrasound

中外iSchools院校科研布局全景对比：以科研与环境互动为视角

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中国图书馆学报 2024年

作者：王迪周力虹 michael Seadle 中国人民大学信息资源管理学院武汉大学信息管理学院德国洪堡大学图书情报学院

以科研与环境的互动为视角，对国内外iSchools院校的科研布局进行多维对比分析。对全球75位iSchools院校决策层进行深度访谈，根据三段式编码和共现分析，归纳iSchools院校的10大科研布局领域、5项核心社会贡献、25个合作学科领域、10... 详细信息

以科研与环境的互动为视角，对国内外iSchools院校的科研布局进行多维对比分析。对全球75位iSchools院校决策层进行深度访谈，根据三段式编码和共现分析，归纳iSchools院校的10大科研布局领域、5项核心社会贡献、25个合作学科领域、10类合作社会主体、12项发展机遇与16项发展挑战，总结我国与亚太、欧洲和北美的iSchools院校的显著共性与差异。研究发现，作为科研领域的图书馆学及作为合作社会主体的图书馆在iSchools院校的科研布局中仍然占据主导地位，整个领域的跨学科研究趋势更加鲜明，但仍缺乏更富有直接影响力和高显示度的核心社会贡献。未来我国信息资源管理领域相关院校需继续坚持守正与创新，在强化传统优势领域的同时，结合实际应用场景，深化与相关学科的交叉融合，丰富合作的学科领域，密切与头部企业单位的社会联系。同时，充分利用iSchools联盟平台，深化国际合作，应对共同挑战，提升整个学科领域的社会声誉和影响力。图5。参考文献37。

关键词： iSchools 图书馆学信息资源管理科研布局社会环境对比研究

New perspectives on biology,disease progression,and therapy response of head and neck cancer gained from single cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics

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Oncology Research 2024年第1期32卷 1-17页

作者： GERWIN HELLER THORSTEN FUEREdER ALEXANdER michael GRANdITS ROTRAUd WIESER division of Oncology Department of Medicine IMedical University of ViennaVienna1090Austria Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology Medical University of ViennaVienna1090Austria

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)is one of the most frequent cancers *** main risk factors are consumption of tobacco products and alcohol,as well as infection with human papilloma *** therapeutic options comprise surgery,radiation,chemotherapy,targeted therapy through epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition,and immunotherapy,but outcome has remained unsatisfactory due to recurrence rates of~50%and the frequent occurrence of second *** availability of the human genome sequence at the beginning of the millennium heralded the omics era,in which rapid technological progress has advanced our knowledge of the molecular biology of malignant diseases,including HNSCC,at an unprecedented ***,microarray-based methods,followed by approaches based on next-generation sequencing,were applied to study the genetics,epigenetics,and gene expression patterns of bulk *** recently,the advent of single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNAseq)and spatial transcriptomics methods has facilitated the investigation of the heterogeneity between and within different cell populations in the tumor microenvironment(e.g.,cancer cells,fibroblasts,immune cells,endothelial cells),led to the discovery of novel cell types,and advanced the discovery of cell-cell communication within *** review provides an overview of scRNAseq,spatial transcriptomics,and the associated bioinformatics methods,and summarizes how their application has promoted our understanding of the emergence,composition,progression,and therapy responsiveness of,and intercellular signaling within,HNSCC.

关键词： Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma Tumor microenvironment Immunotherapy Gene expression Omics

Use of donepezil for neurocognitive recovery after brain injury in adult and pediatric populations:a scoping review

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1686-1695页

作者： Avery L.Miller Nathan K.Evanson J.michael Taylor University of Cincinnati College of Medicine CincinnatiOHUSA department of Pediatrics University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA division of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA division of Neurology Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA

There are few pharmacologic options for the treatment of cognitive deficits associated with traumatic brain injury in pediatric *** inhibitors such as donepezil have been evaluated in adult patients after traumatic brain injury,but relatively less is known about the effect in pediatric *** goal of this review is to identify knowledge gaps in the efficacy and safety of acetylcholinesterase inhibito rs as a potential a djuvant treatment fo r neurocognitive decline in pediatric patients with traumatic brain *** queried PubMed to identify literature published from database inception thro ugh June 2023 desc ribing the use of donepezil in young adult traumatic brain injury and pediatric patients with predefined *** on preselected search criteria,340 unique papers we re selected for title and abstra ct ***-two reco rds were reviewed in full after eliminating preclinical studies and pape rs outside the scope of the *** adult traumatic brain injury,we review results from 14 papers detailing 227 subjects where evidence suggests donepezil is well tole rated and shows both objective and patient-reported efficacy for reducing cognitive *** children,3 pape rs report on 5 children recovering from traumatic brain injury,showing limited *** additional 15 pediatric studies conducted in populations at risk for cognitive dysfunction provide a broader look at safety and efficacy in 210 patients in the pediatric age *** its promise for efficacy in adults with traumatic brain injury and tole rability in pediatric patients,we believe further study of donepezil for children and adolescents with traumatic brain injury is warranted.

关键词： acetylcholinesterase inhibitor adult cognition donepezil pediatrics traumatic brain injury

Measurement,associations,patterns,and promotion:Unveiling vital areas in physical activity epidemiology

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第5期13卷 605-607页

作者： Kara M.Whitaker Guest editor michael J.LaMonte department of Health&Human Physiology University of IowaIowa CityIA 52242USA department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health University of BuffaloBuffaloNY 14214 USA

Physical activity(PA)epidemiology first emerged as a new field of study around the 1950s with publication of seminal investigations on London civil servants1 and has continued to evolve as a scientific discipline to present *** subdiscipline of epidemiology studies the frequencies,distributions,and dynamics of PA and its impact on human health,morbidity,and *** over the past 75 years has demonstrated numerous health benefits of *** on these research findings,the World Health Organization recommends adults aged 18-64 years engage in at least 150-300 min of moderate-intensity aerobic PA per week,or at least 75-150 min of vigorous-intensity aerobic PA per week,or a combination of both intensities.

关键词： epidemiology promotion continued

Spark plasma sintering of tungsten-based WTaVCr refractory high entropy alloys for nuclear fusion applications

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第1期31卷 146-154页

作者： Yongchul Yoo Xiang Zhang Fei Wang Xin Chen Xing-Zhong Li michael Nastasi Bai Cui department of Mechanical&Materials Engineering University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68588USA Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68588USA department of Nuclear Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA

W-based WTaVCr refractory high entropy alloys (RHEA) may be novel and promising candidate materials for plasma facing components in the first wall and diverter in fusion reactors. This alloy has been developed by a powder metallurgy process combining mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering (SPS). The SPSed samples contained two phases, in which the matrix is RHEA with a body-centered cubic structure, while the oxide phase was most likely Ta2VO6through a combined analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRd),energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EdS), and selected area electron diffraction (SAEd). The higher oxygen affinity of Ta and V may explain the preferential formation of their oxide phases based on thermodynamic calculations. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSd) revealed an average grain size of 6.2μm. WTaVCr RHEA showed a peak compressive strength of 2997 MPa at room temperature and much higher micro-and nano-hardness than W and other W-based RHEAs in the literature. Their high Rockwell hardness can be retained to at least 1000°C.

关键词： refractory high entropy alloy plasma-facing material fusion reactor spark plasma sintering

Glucagon-like-peptide-1 receptor agonists and the management of type 2 diabetes-backwards and forwards

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World Journal of diabetes 2024年第3期15卷 326-330页

作者： michael Horowitz Lu Cai Md Shahidul Islam department of Medicine University of AdelaideAdelaide 5005Australia Pediatric Research Institute University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY 40202United States department of Biochemistry School of Life SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalDurban 4000KwaZulu-NatalSouth Africa

This editorial is stimulated by the article by Alqifari et al published in the World Journal of diabetes(2024).Alqifari et al focus on practical advice for the clinical use of glucagon-like-peptide-1(GLP-1)receptor agonists(GLP-1RAs)in the management of type 2 diabetes and this editorial provides complementary *** initially give a brief historical perspective of the development of GLP-1RAs stimulated by recognition of the‘incretin effect’,the substantially greater insulin increase to enteral when compared to euglycaemic intravenous glucose,and the identification of the incretin hormones,GIP and *** addition to stimulating insulin,GLP-1 reduces postprandial glucose levels by slowing gastric ***-1RAs were developed because native GLP-1 has a very short plasma *** majority of current GLP-1RAs are administered by subcutaneous injection once a *** are potent in glucose lowering without leading to hypoglycaemia,stimulate weight loss in obese individuals and lead to cardiovascular and renal *** landscape in relation to GLP-1RAs is broadening rapidly,with different formulations and their combination with other peptides to facilitate both glucose lowering and weight *** is a need for more information relating to the effects of GLP-1RAs to induce gastrointestinal symptoms and slow gastric emptying which is likely to allow their use to become more effective and personalised.

关键词： Glucagon-like-peptide-1 Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide Gastric emptying Type 2 diabetes

Back to the drawing board:Overview of the next generation of combination therapy for inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第25期30卷 3182-3184页

作者： Jeffrey A Lowell michael J Farber Keith Sultan department of Medicine Zucker School of Medicine at HofstraNorth Shore University Hospital-Long Island Jewish Medical CenterManhassetNY 11030United States Preclinical Studies New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic MedicineGlen HeadNY 11545United States division of Gastroenterology Northwell HealthNorth Shore University Hospital and Long Island Jewish Medical CenterGreat NeckNY 10021United States

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBd)is entering a potentially new era of combined *** et al provide an insightful review of the current state of combination therapy,with a focus on the use of a combined biologic and immunomodulator,as well as emerging data on the future potential of dual-biologic therapy(dBT).While current evidence for dBT is limited,encouraging safety profiles and ongoing trials suggest a brighter future for this *** importance of controlled trials should be stressed in establishing new treatment *** prospective randomized trials of dBT and perhaps future combinations of biologics and small molecule therapies will hopefully guide the next generation of IBd care.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Biologics Immunomodulators dual-therapy Combination therapy