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Strong parallel evidence of selection during switchgrass sward establishment in hybrid and lowland ecotypes

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Grassland Research 2022年第1期1卷 31-42页

作者： Neal W.Tilhou Shawn M.Kaeppler michael d.Casler department of Agronomy University of WisconsinMadisonWisconsinUSA USdA-ARS U.S.Dairy Forage Research CenterMadisonWisconsinUSA

Background:Switchgrass sward establishment results in up to 90%seedling *** degree of selection during sward establishment has not been reported using modern genetic ***:Pooled leaf samples were sequenced from replicated swards of 46 half-sib families from two breeding groups(lowland and hybrid)before and through 3 years of stand *** allele frequencies were then assessed using fixation indices(Fst)and an independent data set was used to predict the polygenic impact of establishment selection on two traits(heading date and winter survivorship).Last,the dNA pools were assigned survival rankings to predict the sward survival genomically estimated breeding values within the training data ***:Strong and parallel selection occured in both breeding *** genomic regions exceeded the significant threshold of 99.9%in>10 families,indicating consistent selection across families and breeding *** trait predictions determined that establishment selection was partially associated with winter survivorship but resulted in variable heading date *** genomewide variation is consistent with selection for a small number of related parental ***:This study observed strong selection for a small number of hybrid and coastal ecotype individuals which are promising germplasm sources for improved sward *** confirms prior reports of sward selection during grassland establishment and highlights the strength of pooled dNA sequencing for survival traits.

关键词： genomic prediction grassland establishment Panicum virgatum polygenic traits selection

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深海环境海洋生态系统监测与修复新技术

Engineering 2024年第3期34卷 195-211页

作者： Jacopo Aguzzi Laurenz Thomsen Sascha Flögel Nathan J.Robinson Giacomo Picardi damianos Chatzievangelou Nixon Bahamon Sergio Stefanni Jordi Grinyó Emanuela Fanelli Cinzia Corinaldesi Joaquin del Rio Fernandez Marcello Calisti Furu Mienis Elias Chatzidouros Corrado Costa Simona Violino michael Tangherlini Roberto danovaro Instituto de Ciencias del Mar(ICM-CSIC) Barcelona 08003Spain Stazione Zoologica Anton dohrn Naples 80121Italy University of Gothenburg Göteborg 40530Sweden GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel 24148Germany Fundación Oceanogràfic de la Comunitat Valenciana Valencia 46013Spain Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research(NIOZ) Den Burg Texel 1790 ABNetherlands Polytechnic University of Marche(UNIVPM) Ancona 60131Italy SARTI-MAR of the Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya(UPC) Vilanova i la Geltrú08800Spain Lincoln Institute for Agri-food Technology University of LincolnLincoln LN22LGUK Engitec Systems International Limited Limassol 3083Cyprus Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L’analisi dell’economia Agraria(CREA) Centro di Ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni AgroalimentariMonterotondo 00015Italy

The United Nations(UN)’s call for a decade of“ecosystem restoration”was prompted by the need to address the extensive impact of anthropogenic activities on natural *** ecosystem restoration is increasingly necessary due to increasing habitat degredation in deep waters(>200 m depth).At these depths,which are far beyond those accessible by divers,only established and emerging robotic platforms such as remotely operated vehicles(ROVs),autonomous underwater vehicles(AUVs),landers,and crawlers can operate through manipulators and multiparametric sensor arrays(e.g.,optoacoustic imaging,omics,and environmental probes).The use of advanced technologies for deep-sea ecosystem restoration can provide:①high-resolution three-dimensional(3d)imaging and acoustic mapping of substrates and key taxa,②physical manipulation of substrates and key taxa,③real-time supervision of remote operations and long-term ecological monitoring,and④the potential to work ***,we describe how robotic platforms with in situ manipulation capabilities and payloads of innovative sensors could autonomously conduct active restoration and monitoring across large spatial *** expect that these devices will be particularly useful in deep-sea habitats,such as①reef-building cold-water corals,②soft-bottom bamboo corals,and③soft-bottom fishery resources that have already been damaged by offshore industries(i.e.,fishing and oil/gas).

关键词： Ecosystem restoration Robotic manipulation Acoustic tracking Fishery resources Artificial reefs

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3d-printed Mechanically Strong Calcium Phosphate Cement Scaffold with Metformin/Stem Cell-encapsulating Alginate Microbeads for Bone Tissue Engineering

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2022年第6期19卷 1658-1670页

作者： Xiong Xiong Yuanyuan Chen Rupan Yuan Gengtao Qiu michael d.Weir Hockin H.K.Xu Jin Liu Jianping Ruan Xiaofeng Chang Shuxin Qu School of Life Science and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu610031China Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural drugs School of Life Science and EngineeringSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu610031China Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu610031China department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics University of Maryland School of DentistryBaltimoreMD21201USA Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21201USA University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21201USA Key Laboratory of Shannxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research Clinical Research Center of Shannxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial DiseasesCollege of StomatologyXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anShannxi710004China

The utilization of Calcium Phosphate Cement(CPC)is limited due to its low mechanical strength and difficulty to seed cells deep into the *** objectives of this study were to:(1)develop a 3d-printed CPC-dopamine-metformin scaffold encapsulating human periodontal ligament stem cells(hPdLSCs),(2)investigate the effect of dopamine on the performance of CPC,and(3)evaluate the effect of microbead degradation and metformin release on the osteogenic differentiation of the released *** mechanical property of the CPC scaffolds was elevated by adding dopamine,and the CPC scaffold with 7 wt.%dopamine had the highest compressive strength(7.35 MPa).Four types of microbeads with different content of alginate(oxidized alginate),hPdLSCs,and 2%metformin were *** and cell counting kit tests confirm that the hPdLSCs are protected by microbeads encapsulation during the CPC setting *** alkaline phosphatase test indicates that the osteogenic differentiation of hPdLSCs was enhanced by the fast release of cells and *** microbeads consisting of 2%oxidized alginate and 2%metformin were optimal for cell delivery due to favorable cell release and osteogenic *** CPC scaffold is promising used for bone regeneration in dental,craniofacial,and orthopedic applications.

关键词： Calcium phosphate cement 3d Printing Bionic Alginate microbeads Metformin

Relationships between regulated dBPs and emerging dBPs of health concern in U.S. drinking water

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第7期34卷 161-172页

作者： Stuart W.Krasner Ai Jia Chih-Fen T.Lee Raha Shirkhani Joshua M.Allen Susan d.Richardson michael J.Plewa Metropolitan Water district of Southern California Water Quality LaboratoryCA 91750USA department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South CarolinaSC 29208USA department of Crop Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignIL 61801USA Safe Global Water Institute University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignIL 61801USA

A survey was conducted at eight U.S. drinking water plants, that spanned a wide range of water qualities and treatment/disinfection practices. Plants that treated heavily-wastewaterimpacted source waters had lower trihalomethane to dihaloacetonitrile ratios due to the presence of more organic nitrogen and HAN precursors. As the bromide to total organic carbon ratio increased, there was more bromine incorporation into dBPs. This has been shown in other studies for THMs and selected emerging dBPs(HANs), whereas this study examined bromine incorporation for a wider group of emerging dBPs(haloacetaldehydes, halonitromethanes). Moreover, bromine incorporation into the emerging dBPs was, in general, similar to that of the THMs. Epidemiology studies that show an association between adverse health effects and brominated THMs may be due to the formation of brominated emerging dBPs of heath concern. Plants with higher free chlorine contact times before ammonia addition to form chloramines had less iodinated dBP formation in chloraminated distribution systems, where there was more oxidation of the iodide to iodate(a sink for the iodide) by the chlorine. This has been shown in many bench-scale studies(primarily for iodinated THMs), but seldom in full-scale studies(where this study also showed the impact on total organic iodine. Collectively, the THMs, haloacetic acids, and emerging dBPs accounted for a significant portion of the TOCl, TOBr, and TOI;however, ~50% of the TOCl and TOBr is still unknown. The correlation of the sum of detected dBPs with the TOCl and TOBr suggests that they can be used as reliable surrogates.

关键词： disinfection by-products Total organic bromine Total organic iodine Trihalomethanes Haloacetonitriles Haloacetaldehydes Iodo-trihalomethanes Iodoacetic acids

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Multimode vibrational strong coupling in direct laser written mid-IR plasmonic MIM nano-patch antennas

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Photonics Research 2023年第12期11卷 2136-2148页

作者： NICHOLAS V.PROSCIA michael A.MEEKER NICHOLAS SHARAC FRANK K.PERKINS CHASE T.ELLIS PAUL d.CUNNINGHAM JOSEPH G.TISCHLER NRC Postdoc residing at U.S.Naval Research Laboratory WashingtonD.C.20375USA U.S.Naval Research Laboratory WashingtonD.C.20375USA Current address:Rigetti Computing FreemontCalifornia 94538USA Current address:Homer L.dodge department of Physics and Astronomy The University of OklahomaNormanOklahoma 73019USA

Strong coupling of mid-infrared(mid-IR)vibrational transitions to optical cavities provides a means to modify and control a material’s chemical reactivity and offers a foundation for novel chemical detection ***,the relatively large volumes of the mid-IR photonic cavities and weak oscillator strengths of vibrational transitions restrict vibrational strong coupling(VSC)studies and devices to large ensembles of molecules,thus representing a potential limitation of this nascent ***,we experimentally and theoretically investigate the mid-IR optical properties of 3d-printed multimode metal-insulator-metal(MIM)plasmonic nanoscale cavities for enabling strong light-matter interactions at a deep subwavelength *** observe strong vibration-plasmon coupling between the two dipolar modes of the L-shaped cavity and the carbonyl stretch vibrational transition of the polymer *** cavity mode volume is half the size of a typical square-shaped MIM geometry,thus enabling a reduction in the number of vibrational oscillators to achieve strong *** resulting three polariton modes are well described by a fully coupled multimode oscillator model where all coupling potentials are *** 3d printing technique of the cavities is a highly accessible and versatile means of printing arbitrarily shaped submicron-sized mid-IR plasmonic cavities capable of producing strong light–matter interactions for a variety of photonic or photochemical ***,similar MIM structures fabricated with nanoscopic voids within the insulator region could constitute a promising microfluidic plasmonic cavity device platform for applications in chemical sensing or photochemistry.

关键词： coupling vibrational shaped

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Optimization of enhanced weathering networks with alternative transportation modes

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Carbon Resources Conversion 2022年第2期5卷 167-176页

作者： Raymond R.Tan Beatriz A.Belmonte michael Francis d.Benjamin Viknesh Andiappan Kathleen B.Aviso department of Chemical Engineering De La Salle University2401 Taft Avenue0922 ManilaPhilippines Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences/department of Chemical Engineering University of Santo TomasEspana Blvd.1015 ManilaPhilippines School of Engineering and Physical Sciences Heriot-Watt University Malaysia62200PutrajayaWilayah Persekutuan PutrajayaMalaysia Faculty of Engineering Computing and ScienceSwinburne University of TechnologyJalan Simpang Tiga93350KuchingSarawakMalaysia

Enhanced weathering of alkaline rocks and minerals is a negative emissions technology (NET) that is potentiallyscalable to deliver gigaton-level carbon dioxide removal (CdR) for climate change mitigation. This techniquerelies on the acceleration of naturally occurring weathering reactions with water and carbon dioxide by reducingthese substances into a fine powder with high specific surface area. The ex situ enhanced weathering processchain consists of the acquisition of suitable natural or synthetic materials, grinding to a fine particle size,transportation, and application on suitable sites. Future enhanced weathering systems can be envisioned assupply chain-like networks which have to be optimized to deliver maximum CdR given physical *** is a notable research gap in the literature on decision support for such systems. To address this gap, amixed integer linear programming (MILP) model is developed in this work to optimize enhanced weatheringnetworks for CdR. The model also incorporates the availability of multiple transportation options and constraintson network topology. Two test cases are used to demonstrate the model capability to determine optimal andnear-optimal networks. The top ten solutions in these two scenarios yield total CdR levels of 3.4316–3.4363 Mtand 15.27017–15.27960 Mt.

关键词： Process integration Optimization Mathematical programming Carbon drawdown Carbon management network decarbonization

Evidence that all Sorsby's fundus dystrophy mutations cause TIMP3 dimerization resulting in impaired inhibition of VEGFR2

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Genes & diseases 2023年第1期10卷 45-47页

作者： Fatimah A.Alsaffar Ahmed H.Mujamammi Mohammed S.K.Aldughaim Martin J.H.Nicklin michael d.Barker department of Oncology&Metabolism University of Sheffield Medical SchoolSheffield S102RXUK department of Infection Immunity&Cardiovascular disease University of Sheffield Medical SchoolSheffield S102RXUK

Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 3(TIMP3)regulates turnover of the extracellular matrix(ECM)and is also a potent inhibitor of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2(VEGFR2),a key mediator of *** in TIMP3 give rise to Sorsby's fundus dystrophy(SFd),a dominantly inherited degenerative disease of the retina that leads to blindness,usually in middle age.

关键词： TIMP3 VEGFR2 impaired

Human allograft rejection in humanized mice： a historica perspective

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2012年第3期9卷 225-231页

作者： michael A Brehm Leonard d Shultz Program in Molecular Medicine University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester MA USA The Jackson Laboratory Bar Harbor M_E usA

Basic research in transplantation immunology has relied primarily on rodent models. Experimentation with rodents has laid the foundation for our basic understanding of the biological events that precipitate rejection of non-self or allogeneic tissue transplants and supported the development of novel strategies to specifically suppress allogeneic immune responses, However, translation of these studies to the clinic has met with limited success, emphasizing the need for new models that focus on human immune responses to allogeneic tissues. Humanized mouse models are an exciting alternative that permits investigation of the rejection of human tissues mediated by human immune cells without putting patients at risk. However, the use of humanized mice is complicated by a diversity of protocols and approaches, including the large number of immunodeficient mouse strains available, the choice of tissue to transplant and the specific human immune cell populations that can be engrafted. Here, we present a historical perspective on the study of allograft rejection in humanized mice and discuss the use of these novel model systems in transplant biology.

关键词： transplantation immunodeficient mice human

Fast prediction of indoor airflow distribution inspired by synthetic image generation artificial intelligence

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Building Simulation 2023年第7期16卷 1219-1238页

作者： Cary A.Faulkner dominik S.Jankowski John E.Castellini Jr Wangda Zuo Philipp Epple michael d.Sohn Ali Taleb Zadeh Kasgari Walid Saad department of Mechanical Engineering University of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA HySON Institut SonnebergGermany department of Architectural Engineering Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA department of Mechanical Engineering Coburg University of Applied SciencesCoburgGermany Energy Analysis and Environmental Impacts division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCAUSA department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Virginia TechArlingtonVAUSA

Prediction of indoor airflow distribution often relies on high-fidelity,computationally intensive computational fluid dynamics(CFd)*** intelligence(Al)models trained by CFd data can be used for fast and accurate prediction of indoor airflow,but current methods have limitations,such as only predicting limited outputs rather than the entire flow ***,conventional Al models are not always designed to predict different outputs based on a continuous input range,and instead make predictions for one or a few discrete *** work addresses these gaps using a conditional generative adversarial network(CGAN)model approach,which is inspired by current state-of-the-art Al for synthetic image *** create a new Boundary Condition CGAN(BC-CGAN)model by extending the original CGAN model to generate 2d airflow distribution images based on a continuous input parameter,such as a boundary ***,we design a novel feature-driven algorithm to strategically generate training data,with the goal of minimizing the amount of computationally expensive data while ensuring training quality of the Al *** BC-CGAN model is evaluated for two benchmark airflow cases:an isothermal lid-driven cavity flow and a non-isothermal mixed convection flow with a heated *** also investigate the performance of the BC-CGAN models when training is stopped based on different levels of validation error *** results show that the trained BC-CGAN model can predict the 2d distribution of velocity and temperature with less than 5%relative error and up to about 75,ooo times faster when compared to reference CFd *** proposed feature-driven algorithm shows potential for reducing the amount of data and epochs required to train the Al models while maintaining prediction accuracy,particularly when the flow changes non-linearlywith respectto an input.

关键词： artificial intelligence indoor airflow conditional generative adversarial network computational fluid dynamics