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Current landscape in motoneuron regeneration and reconstruction for motor cranial nerve injuries

Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第9期15卷 1639-1649页

作者： Yanjun Xie Kevin J.Schneider Syed A.Ali Norman D.Hogikyan Eva L.Feldman michael J.Brenner Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMIUSA Department of Neurology University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMIUSA

The intricate anatomy and physiology of cranial nerves have inspired clinicians and scientists to study their roles in the nervous system. Damage to motor cranial nerves may result from a variety of organic or iatrogenic insults and causes devastating functional impairment and disfigurement. Surgical innovations directed towards restoring function to injured motor cranial nerves and their associated organs have evolved to include nerve repair, grafting, substitution, and muscle transposition. In parallel with this progress, research on tissue-engineered constructs, development of bioelectrical interfaces, and modulation of the regenerative milieu through cellular, immunomodulatory, or neurotrophic mechanisms has proliferated to enhance the available repertoire of clinically applicable reconstructive options. Despite these advances, patients continue to suffer from functional limitations relating to inadequate cranial nerve regeneration, aberrant reinnervation, or incomplete recovery of neuromuscular function. These shortfalls have profound quality of life ramifications and provide an impetus to further elucidate mechanisms underlying cranial nerve denervation and to improve repair. In this review, we summarize the literature on reconstruction and regeneration of motor cranial nerves following various injury patterns. we focus on seven cranial nerves with predominantly efferent functions and highlight shared patterns of injuries and clinical manifestations. we also present an overview of the existing reconstructive approaches, from facial reanimation, laryngeal reinnervation, to variations of interposition nerve grafts for reconstruction. we discuss ongoing endeavors to promote nerve regeneration and to suppress aberrant reinnervation and the development of synkinesis. Insights from these studies will shed light on recent progress and new horizons in understanding the biomechanics of peripheral nerve neurobiology, with emphasis on promising strategies for optimizing

关键词： axon degeneration cranial neuropathy facial nerve facial paralysis motoneuron nerve regeneration peripheral nerve recurrent laryngeal nerve synkinesis vocal fold paralysis

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Characterization of Ablation Thresholds for 3D-Cultured Patient-Derived Glioma Stem Cells in Response to High-Frequency Irreversible Electroporation

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Research 2019年第1期2019卷 1005-1018页

作者： J.w.Ivey E.M.wasson N.Alinezhadbalalami A.Kanitkar w.Debinski Z.Sheng R.V.Davalos S.S.Verbridge School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences Virginia Tech-Wake Forest UniversityBlacksburgVA 24061USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Virginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061USA Brain Tumor Center of Excellence Comprehensive Cancer CenterWake Forest Baptist Medical CenterWinston-SalemNC 27157USA Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute RoanokeVA 24061USA Department of Internal Medicine Virginia Tech Carilion School of MedicineRoanokeVA 24016USA Faculty of Health Science Virginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061USA

High-frequency irreversible electroporation(H-FIRE)is a technique that uses pulsed electric felds that have been shown to ablate malignant *** order to evaluate the clinical potential of H-FIRE to treat glioblastoma(GBM),a primary brain tumor,we have studied the efects of high-frequency waveforms on therapy-resistant glioma stem-like cell(GSC)*** demonstrate that patient-derived GSCs are more susceptible to H-FIRE damage than primary normal *** selectivity presents an opportunity for a degree of malignant cell targeting as bulk tumor cells and tumor stem cells are seen to exhibit similar lethal electric feld thresholds,signifcantly lower than that of healthy ***,neural stem cell(NSC)populations also exhibit a similar sensitivity to these *** observation may suggest that diferent considerations be taken when applying these therapies in younger versus older patients,where the importance of preserving NSC populations may impose diferent restrictions on *** also demonstrate variability in threshold among the three patient-derived GSC lines studied,suggesting the need for personalized cell-specifc characterization in the development of potential clinical *** work may provide further useful insights regarding this patient-dependent variability observed that could inform targeted and personalized treatment.

关键词： clinical younger irreversible

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Improvement of Rice Production under Drought Conditions in west Africa:Application of QTLs in Breeding for Drought Resistance

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Rice science 2022年第6期29卷 512-521页

作者： Kossi Lorimpo ADJAH Maxwell Darko ASANTE Aboubacar TOURE Mawuli AZIADEKEY Francis Osei AMOAKO-ANDOH michael FREI Yacouba DIALLO Komi AGBOKA west African Science Service Center on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use/Climate Change and Agriculture Program IPR/IFRAP.O.Box 224KatibougouMali Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Crops Research Institute P.O.Box 3785Fumesua-KumasiGhana University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako(USTTB)P.O.Box 423BamakoMali International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics P.O.Box 320BamakoMali University of Lomé(UL) P.O.Box 1515LoméTogo Institute for Agronomy and Plant Breeding of Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen Giessen 35392Germany Polytechnic Rural Institute of Training and Applied Research(IPR/IFRA) P.O.Box 224KatibougouMali Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-College of Science and Technology Department of Plant Resources DevelopmentP.O.Box 3785Fumesua-KumasiGhana

Rice plays a paramount role in food and nutrition security in many west African *** the doubling of production during the last decade,rice consumption has grown faster,creating a deficit between the demand and *** the west African sub-region remains the main rice-producing centre on the continent,production is severely hampered by biotic and abiotic *** is one of the factors that most severely reduce grain yields of *** of production need to be established in order to mitigate yield loss as a result of *** review discusses the effects of drought on rice production in west Africa and its mitigation with an emphasis on the improvement of tolerance to drought *** stability can be achieved by developing drought-tolerant varieties through several processes encompassing profiling of known QTLs and identification of new ones,marker-assisted selection,genomic selection,and extensive multi-locational yield *** suggest a comprehensive strategy for breeding drought-tolerant rice varieties in west Africa.

关键词： west Africa rice drought-tolerant variety QTL high-throughput genotyping

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Short wind pulses consistently change the morphology of roots,but not of shoots,across young plants of different growth forms

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Stress Biology 2023年第1期3卷 468-476页

作者： Johannes Heinze Luise werger michael Ogden Thilo Heinken Rainer Hoefgen Ewald weber Institute of Biochemistry and Biology Biodiversity Research and Systematic BotanyUniversity of PotsdamMaulbeerallee 1Potsdam 14469Germany Heinz Sielmann Foundation Dyrotzer Ring 4Wustermark(OT Elstal)14641Germany Department of Molecular Physiology Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyAm Mühlenberg 1Potsdam-Golm 14476Germany School of Biosciences University of MelbourneMelbourneVIC 3010Australia Institute of Biochemistry and Biology General BotanyUniversity of PotsdamMaulbeerallee 3Potsdam 14469Germany

wind is an environmental stimulus that stresses plants of all growth forms at all life-stages by influencing the development,architecture,and morphology of roots and ***,comparative studies are scarce and no study directly investigated whether shoot and root morphological traits of trees,grasses and forbs differ in their response to short wind pulses of different wind *** this study,we found that across species,wind stress by short wind pulses of increasing intensity consistently changed root morphology,but did not affect shoot morphological traits,except plant height in four *** effects in roots were generally weak in tree species but consistent across growth ***,plant height of species was correlated with changes in specific root length and average *** results indicate that short-pulse wind treatments affect root morphology more than shoot morphology across growth *** further suggest that wind stress possibly promotes root anchorage in young plants and that these effects might depend on plant height.

关键词： wind stress Leaf traits Root traits Growth form Morphology

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Fathers and children

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作者： Ivan Turgenev translated and edited by michael R. Katz.

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Magnesium-fortified phosphate fertilizers improve nutrient uptake and plant growth without reducing phosphorus availability

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Pedosphere 2022年第5期32卷 744-751页

作者： Zhenya LU Yanyan wANG Fien DEGRYSE Chengdong HUANG Cuihong HOU Liangquan wU Rongfeng JIANG michael J.MCLAUGHLIN Fusuo ZHANG College of Resources and Environmental Sciences National Academy of Agriculture Green DevelopmentKey Laboratory of Plant-Soil InteractionsMinistry of EducationChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193(China) Department of Pomology College of HorticultureChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193(China) Fertilizer Technology Research Centre School of AgricultureFood and WineUniversity of AdelaidePMB 1Glen Osmond SA 5064(Australia) School of Chemical Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001(China) International Magnesium Institute Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002(China)

Magnesium(Mg)deficiency can significantly limit crop yield and *** application of straight Mg fertilizer is unattractive because of additional labor ***,bulk blending Mg with other macronutrient fertilizers is also a suboptimal solution because bulk blended fertilizers often yield poor nutrient *** rapid and economical alternative to alleviating Mg deficiency is to co-granulate macronutrient fertilizers with ***,few commercial products have implemented this *** of the barriers hindering the production of Mg-fortified phosphorus(P)fertilizers is the assumption that precipitation of P with Mg will reduce P *** this study,four Mg compounds,anhydrous magnesium sulfate(MgSO_(4)),magnesium oxide(MgO),anhydrous magnesium chloride(MgCl_(2)),and dolomite(CaMg(CO_(3))_(2)),were co-granulated with mono-ammonium phosphate(MAP),and their granule strength,Mg and P availabilities,and agronomic effectiveness were *** showed that there were no significant differences in P solubility between Mg-fortified MAP and MAP treatments.X-ray diffraction(XRD)indicated that the Mg species after co-granulation were boussingaultite(Mg(NH_(4))_(2)(SO_(4))_(2)·6H_(2)O),schertelite(Mg(NH_(4))_(2)H_(2)(PO_(4))_(2)·4H_(2)O),magnesium hydrogen phosphate(Mg(H_(2)PO_(4))_(2)),and dolomite(CaMg(CO_(3))_(2)).A pot experiment using an acidic soil demonstrated an average 9.6-fold increase in shoot Mg uptake,3.0-fold increase in shoot P uptake,and 3.2-fold increase in soybean shoot dry matter in Mg-fortified MAP treatments,compared to those in MAP *** current study provides a simple,effective,and low-cost approach for the addition of Mg to macronutrient fertilizers,to minimize Mg deficiency.

关键词： agronomic effectiveness crop growth magnesium deficiency mono-ammonium phosphate macronutrient fertilizer P solubility X-ray diffraction(XRD)

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Self-energy dynamics and the mode-specific phonon threshold effect in Kekulé-ordered graphene

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National Science Review 2022年第5期9卷 81-88页

作者： Hongyun Zhang Changhua Bao michael Schüler Shaohua Zhou Qian Li Laipeng Luo wei Yao Zhong wang Thomas P.Devereaux Shuyun Zhou State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics Tsinghua University Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences (SIMES) SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University Institute for Advanced Study Tsinghua University Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information

Electron-phonon interaction and related self-energy are fundamental to both the equilibrium properties and non-equilibrium relaxation dynamics of *** ele ctron-phonon interaction has been suggested by various time-resolved measurements to be important for the relaxation dynamics of graphene,the lack of energy-and momentum-resolved self-energy dynamics prohibits direct identification of the role of specific phonon modes in the relaxation ***,by performing time-and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements on Kekulé-ordered graphene with folded Dirac cones at the Γ point, we have succeeded in resolving the self-energy effect induced by the coupling of electrons to two phonons at Ω=177 meV and Ω=54 meV,and revealing its dynamical change in the time ***,these strongly coupled phonons define energy thresholds,which separate the hierarchical relaxation dynamics from ultrafast,fast to slow,thereby providing direct experimental evidence for the dominant role of mode-specific phonons in the relaxation dynamics.

关键词： TrARPES self-energy electron-phonon coupling Kekulé-ordered graphene

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Potential impact of combined inhibition of 3a-oxidoreductases and 5a-reductases on prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Urology 2019年第1期6卷 50-56页

作者： michael V.Fiandalo Daniel T.Gewirth James L.Mohler Department of Urology Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNYUSA Hauptman-woodward Medical Research Institute BuffaloNYUSA

Prostate cancer(PCa)growth and progression rely on the interaction between the androgen receptor(AR)and the testicular ligands,testosterone and dihydrotestosterone(DHT).Almost all men with advanced PCa receive androgen deprivation therapy(ADT).ADT lowers circulating testosterone levels,which impairs AR activation and leads to PCa ***,ADT is palliative and PCa recurs as castration-recurrent/resistant PCa(CRPC).One mechanism for PCa recurrence relies on intratumoral synthesis of DHT,which can be synthesized using the frontdoor or primary or secondary backdoor *** metabolism inhibitors,such as those targeting 5a-reductase,aldo-keto-reductase family member 3(AKR1C3),or cytochrome P45017A1(CYP17A1)have either failed or produced only modest clinical *** goal of this review is to describe the therapeutic potential of combined inhibition of 5a-reductase and 3a-oxidoreductase enzymes that facilitate the terminal steps of the frontdoor and primary and secondary backdoor pathways for DHT *** of the terminal steps of the androgen metabolism pathways may be a way to overcome the shortcomings of existing androgen metabolism inhibitors and thereby delay PCa recurrence during ADT or enhance the response of CRPC to androgen axis manipulation.

关键词： Androstanediol Dihydrotestosterone Dutasteride 3a-oxidoreductases Androgen deprivation therapy Abiraterone

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Uncovering material deformations via machine learning combined with four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 1072-1080页

作者： Chuqiao Shi michael C.Cao Sarah M.Rehn Sang-Hoon Bae Jeehwan Kim Matthew RJones David A.Muller Yimo Han Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice UniversityHoustonTXUSA School of Applied and Engineering Physics Cornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA Department of Chemistry Rice UniversityHoustonTXUSA Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Washington University in Saint LouisSaint LouisMOUSA Institute of Materials Science and Engineering Washington University in Saint LouisSaint LouisMOUSA Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA Kavli Institute for Nanoscale Science Cornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA

Understanding lattice deformations is crucial in determining the properties of nanomaterials,which can become more prominent in future applications ranging from energy harvesting to electronic ***,it remains challenging to reveal unexpected deformations that crucially affect material properties across a large sample ***,we demonstrate a rapid and semi-automated unsupervised machine learning approach to uncover lattice deformations in *** method utilizes divisive hierarchical clustering to automatically unveil multi-scale deformations in the entire sample flake from the diffraction data using four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy(4D-STEM).Our approach overcomes the current barriers of large 4D data analysis without a priori knowledge of the *** this purely data-driven analysis,we have uncovered different types of material deformations,such as strain,lattice distortion,bending contour,etc.,which can significantly impact the band structure and subsequent performance of nanomaterials-based *** envision that this data-driven procedure will provide insight into materials’intrinsic structures and accelerate the discovery of materials.

关键词： utilize purely overcome

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Isolation of farnesylhydroquinones from the basidiomycete Ganoderma pfeifferi

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Natural Products and Bioprospecting 2013年第4期3卷 137-140页

作者： Timo H.J.NIEDERMEYER Thomas JIRA michael LALK Ulrike LINDEQUIST Institute of Pharmacy Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-UniversityFriedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße 1717487 GreifswaldGermany Institute of Biochemistry Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-UniversityFelix-Hausdorffstraße 417487 GreifswaldGermany

Two farnesylhydroquinones were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma pfeifferi,farnesylhydroquinone(1)and the new compound ganomycin K(2),(5S)-3-[(E)-7,8-dihydroxy-4,8-dimethylnon-3-enyl]-5-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-furan-2(5H)-*** structures of 1 and 2 were determined on the basis of mass spectrometric and NMR spectroscopic *** antibacterial activity of the isolated compounds was neglectable.

关键词： Ganoderma pfeifferi farnesylhydroquinone ganomycin

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