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Do coyotes Canis latrans influence occupancy ot prey in suburban forest fragments？

Current Zoology 2016年第1期62卷 1-6页

作者： Brandon M. JONES michael v. cove Marcus A. LASHLEY v.ctoria L. JACKSON Department of Biology and Agriculture University of Central Missouri Warrensburg M0 64093 USA Department of Applied Ecology North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA Department of Forestry and Env.ronmental Resources North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA Department of Wildlife Fisheries and Aquaculture Mississippi State University Starkville MS 39762 USA

With the extirpation of apex predators from many North American systems, coyotes Canis latrans hav. become the de facto top predator and are ubiquitous members of most ecosystems. Keystone predators aid in maintaining ecosystem function by regulating the mammal community through direct predation and instilling the landscape of fear, yet the v.lue of coyotes regulating systems to this capacity is understudied and likely v.riable across env.ronments. Since coyotes are common in the Midwestern United States, we utilized camera traps and occupancy analyses to as- sess their role in regulating the distribution of mammalian herbiv.res in a fragmented suburban ecosystem. Forest cover was a strong positiv. predictor of white-tailed deer Odocoileus v.rginianus detection, while coyote occurrence had a negativ. effect. Coyotes exerted a negativ. effect on squirrel （Sciurus spp.） and eastern cottontail rabbit Sylv.lagus floridanus occurrence, while urban cover was a positiv. predictor for the prey species＇ occurrence. These results suggest all 3 species behav.orally av.id coyotes whereby deer seek denser forest cover and squirrels and cottontails mitigate risk by increasing use of urban areas. Although prev.ous studies rev.al limited influence of coyote on the rest of the carniv.re guild in suburban systems, we suggest coyotes play an important role in regulating the herbiv.rous mammals and hence may prov.de similar eco- logical, benefits in urban/suburban forest fragments through trophic cascades. Furthermore, since hunting may not be allowed in urban and suburban habitats, coyotes might also serv. as the pri- mary regulator of nuisance species occurring at high abundance such as white-tailed deer and squirrels.

关键词： camera traps coyote deer rabbit squirrel urban wildlife.

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Ev.luation of DNA Damage in the Marine Mussel Crenomytilus grayanus as a Genotoxic Biomarker of Pollution

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Journal of Ocean Univ.rsity of China 2019年第1期18卷 159-164页

作者： SLOBODSKOv. v.lentina v. ZHURAv.L Elena v. KUKLA Sergey P. CHELOMIN v.ctor P. Laboratory of Marine Ecotoxicology V.I.Ilichev Pacific Oceanological Institute Far Eastern Branch Russian Academy of Sciences School of Natural Sciences Far Eastern Federal University

Marine pollution affects all life processes in aquatic organisms. The genotoxic effect of pollution on the mussel Crenomytilus grayanus was assessed. Biv.lv.s were collected from the ‘clean'(v.stochnaya cove) and polluted(Nakhodka Bay) areas in the Peter the Great Bay. The degree of DNA damage in C. grayanus was determined by alkaline comet assay as mean percentage of DNA in tail, and the genetic damage index was calculated. Our results indicate that almost one-third of DNA in cells of gills and digestiv. gland of C. grayanus inhabiting the Nakhodka Bay had destructiv. changes compared to the indiv.duals of this species from the v.stochnaya cove. This study has shown that chronic pollution of the aquatic env.ronment causes destructiv. changes to DNA in gill and digestiv. gland cells of C. grayanus.

关键词： genotoxicity DNA comet assay Crenomytilus grayanus pollution

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Distribution of Gastropods in the Intertidal Env.ronment of South, Middle and North Andaman Islands, India

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Open Journal of Marine Science 2018年第1期8卷 173-195页

作者： Chinnusamy Jeev. P. M. Mohan K. K. Dil Baseer Sabith v.bha v. Ubare Mariyappan Muruganantham Radha Karuna Kumari Department of Ocean Studies and Marine Biology Pondicherry University Brookshabad Campus Port Blair India

Andaman and Nicobar Islands, the gastropod div.rsity is high, due to the majority of shores are rocky. The wet rocky shore promotes algal growth, which is ultimate for feeding ground for gastropod growth and dev.lopment leading to more div.rsity. The global warming, anthropogenic activ.ties, industrial and domestic pollution, etc., hav. accelerated the loss of coastal and marine biodiv.rsity components ov.r the last few decades which has been of great concern. Howev.r, except global warming, the other factors were of least concern with reference to Andaman and Nicobar Islands biodiv.rsity due to a pristine env.ronment. Therefore, exploration of biodiv.rsity in these islands is essential to create a baseline data for record and future research. Four locations of south to north Andaman Islands which represented Carbyns cove from south Andaman, Rangat and Mayabunder from the Middle Andaman and Diglipur from the North Andaman were selected for this study. Gastropoda species were collected for a period of one year in three prev.iling seasons of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. They are South West Monsoon (SW monsoon), North East Monsoon (NE Monsoon) and Non Rainy Seasons (NR Seasons). The present study of gastropods distribution in the South, Middle and North Andaman groups of Islands suggested that there are 71 species belonging to 52 genus and 33 families. At any one of the time and any one of the locations, only one occurrence was noticed for 38 species and remaining 33 species were ov.rlapping with respect to stations and seasons. Ev.luation of the cluster suggested that Cluster A (NR season in Carbyns cove) and Cluster B (NE and SW Monsoon in Mayabunder) as a separate entity among the 12 combinations of stations and seasons due to their species representation. It was also concluded that out of 71 studied species, 3 species were not reported till date in these Island env.ronment and 2 species from any other parts of India.

关键词： Gastropoda Abundance Species Composition Andaman Sea Bay of Bengal

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