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Basis for the diversity and extent in loss of digestible nutrients created by dietary phytin: Emphasis on fowl and swine

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 422-428页

作者： Edwin t.Moran michael R.Bedford Poultry Science Department Auburn University AB Vista Woodstock Court Blenheim Road

Phytin is the Ca2+-Mg2+-K+salt of phytic acid that is created and deposited in the aleurone layer and/or germ of grains and legumes. Its high presence in feedstuffs for fowl and swine diets results in it being a universal and significant impediment to optimum performance. Phytin impairs gastrointestinal recovery of a wide array of nutrients, the effect varying with the nutrient concerned. On exposure to low pH during gastric digestion, phytin dissociates into phytic acid and solubilized Ca2+. Even at low gastric pH,phytic acid is negatively charged which forms the basis of its anti-nutritive behavior. Pepsinogen has extensive basic amino acids on its activation peptide that are presented as cations at low pH which are targeted by pepsin for activation. Partially crystalized Ca2+near the enzyme?s active site further stabilizes its newly formed structure. thus, phytic acid appears to interfere with gastric digestion by several mechanisms; interfering with pepsinogen activation by binding to the polypeptide?s basic amino acids;coordinating free Ca2+, destabilizing pepsin; binding some dietary proteins directly, further compromising gastric proteolysis. Upon digesta attaining neutrality in the duodenum, Ca2+and other cations rebind with accessible anions, phytic acid being a significant contender. Phytate not only binds free cations but can also strip them from enzymes(e.g. Ca2+, Zn2+) which reduces their structural resistance to autolysis and ability as co-factors(e.g. Zn2+) to increase enzyme activity. Goblet cells initially employ Ca2+as an electronic shield between mucin layers enabling granule formation and cell storage. After mucin granule release, Ca2+is progressively displaced by Na+to free the viscous mucins enabling its translocation. Mucin entangles with the glycocalyx of adjacent enterocytes thereby constructing the unstirred water layer（USWL）. Excessive removal of Ca2+from mucin by phytic acid increases its fluidity facilitating its loss from the USWL with

关键词： Digestive enzyme Calcium Endogenous protein Mucin Phytin

Sleep-based neuronal oscillations as a physiological biomarker for Alzheimer's disease:is night time the right time?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1417-1418页

作者： Jonathan Witton Erica S.Brady michael t.Craig Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health and Life SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterEnglandUK Gladstone Institute for Neurological Disease San FranciscoCAUSA School of Psychology and Neuroscience College of MedicalVeterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowScotlandUK

Dementia is a devastating syndrome characterized by memory problems,confusion,and behavior changes that prevent people from performing everyday *** is the leading cause of dependency and disability amongst older people,resulting in a global economic cost of ~$1.3 *** 58 million people are currently afflicted by dementia worldwide,with Alzheimer s disease(AD) causing most(60-70%) of these cases.

关键词： Alzheimer everyday performing

Evaluation of a hepatic biomarker of nutritional imbalance in juvenile red drum(Sciaenops ocellatus) fed 60% soybean meal-based diets using NMR-based metabolomics

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 45-61页

作者： Fabio Casu Aaron M.Watson Justin Yost t.Gibson Gaylord Daniel W.Bearden michael R.Denson Marine Resources Research Institute South Carolina Department of Natural Resources Bozeman Fish technology Center United States Fish and Wildlife Service Marine Biochemical Sciences Group Chemical Sciences Division National Institute of Standards and Technology Hollings Marine Laboratory

A 12-week feeding trial with juvenile red drum(Sciaenops ocellatus) fed high-soybean meal(SBM) diets was conducted to investigate a putative biomarker of nutritional imbalance, N-formimino-L-glutamate(FIGLU). three fishmeal-free, 60% SBM pelleted diets(named B12, Fol, and Met, respectively) were tested to evaluate the effects on growth performance and tissue metabolite profiles of supplementation of vitamin B12(0.012 mg/kg), folate(10 mg/kg), methionine(1 g/kg) respectively, above basal supplementation levels. A fourth SBM-based diet(named B12/Fol/Met) was formulated with a combination of B12, folate, and methionine to attain the above-mentioned target concentrations. A fifth 60% SBM diet(named FWS) with methionine supplementation(1 g/kg above basal supplementation levels), enriched with taurine, lysine and threonine as well as minerals, was also tested. this diet contained formulation targets and additives which have allowed for replacing fishmeal with plant proteins in rainbow trout feeds. Control diets included a fishmeal-based diet(named FM), an unsupplemented basal 60% SBM diet(named SBM60), and a “natural” diet(named N) made up of equal parts of fish(cigar minnows), squid and shrimp as a positive reference for growth performance. Formulated feeds contained approximately 37% total crude protein, approximately 14% total crude lipid and were energetically balanced. Standard growth performance metrics were measured, and tissues(liver, muscle) were collected at week 12 to evaluate diet-induced metabolic changes using nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)-based *** results show that the FWS diet outperformed all other SBM diets and the FM diet under all performance metrics(Pt detected in fish fed the N diet but was detected in those fed the SBM diets and the FM diet. Fish fed the FWS diet and the Met diet showed lower hepatic levels of FIGLU compared with the other SBM-based diets(Pting that among the different supplementatio

关键词： Aquaculture Metabolomics Nuclear magnetic resonance Red drum Soybean meal N-Formimino-L-glutamate

the effects of data aggregation on long-term projections of forest stands development

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第3期11卷 381-389页

作者： Kobra Maleki Rasmus Astrup Nicolas Cattaneo wilson Lara Henao Clara Anton-Fernandez Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research Division of Forestry and Forest ResourcesP.O.Box 115ÅsNO-1431Norway

Forest management planning often relies on Airborne Laser Scanning(ALS)-based Forest Management Inventories(FMIs)for sustainable and efficient *** the area-based(ABA)approach,these inventories estimate forest characteristics for grid cell areas(pixels),which are then usually summarized at the stand *** the ALS-based high-resolution Norwegian Forest Resource Maps(16 m×16 m pixel resolution)alongside with stand-level growth and yield models,this study explores the impact of three levels of pixel aggregation(standlevel,stand-level with species strata,and pixel-level)on projected stand *** results indicate significant differences in the projected outputs based on the aggregation ***,the most substantial difference in estimated volume occurred between stand-level and pixel-level aggregation,ranging from-301 to+253 m^(3)·ha^(-1)for single *** differences were,on average,higher for broadleaves than for spruce and pine dominated stands,and for mixed stands and stands with higher variability than for pure and homogenous *** conclusion,this research underscores the critical role of input data resolution in forest planning and management,emphasizing the need for improved data collection practices to ensure sustainable forest management.

关键词： Growth and yield models Dominant species Norway spruce Scots pine Broadleaves Forest resource map Stand variability

Fabrication of sub-20 nm MoS_(2) horizontal nanowire on silicon substrates by inclusion of precursors into polystyrene-bpolyethylene oxide nanopatterns: Detailed structural investigation

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Nano Research 2024年第3期17卷 2145-2153页

作者： tandra Ghoshal michael A.Morris School of Chemistry AMBER and CRANNTrinity College DublinDublinIrelandD02 AK60

Herein,we demonstrate the fabrication of sub-20 nm MoS_(2) horizontal nanowire arrays on silicon substrates using a self-assembled block copolymer assisted in situ inclusion *** separated long-range ordered polystyrene-b-polyethylene oxide(PS-b-PEO)block copolymer(BCP)line-space nanopatterns were achieved through thermo-solvent *** patterns produced had long-range order and domain sizes>1μ*** BCP structures were lightly etched and modified by anhydrous ethanol to facilitate insertion of molybdenum precursor within the film maintaining the parent BCP *** ordered molybdenum oxide nanowire arrays were then fabricated by ultraviolet(UV)/ozone treatment at room *** oxides were converted to sulphides by thermal evaporation at different temperatures in Ar/H_(2) environment.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the composition and phases of the molybdenum oxide and sulphide *** mapping was performed to investigate the interfaces between the oxide and sulphide nanowires with the substrate *** formation and stability of the sulphide nanowires were studied at different *** photoluminescence and Raman properties were studied at different formation temperatures to investigate defects and estimate the number of layers.

关键词： MoS_(2) block copolymer nanowires inclusion X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) mapping photoluminescence

A GHz chirped amplitude-modulated laser for high-contrast plasma gratings

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第1期12卷 74-83页

作者： michael Valdman Amir Hen Gilad Marcus Applied Physics Institute Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael

the generation and control of large amplitude plasma gratings and other plasma structures is of paramount importance for the realization of plasma photonics. Autoresonant excitation of such structures by means of chirped amplitude-modulated lasers has been recently discussed and analyzed theoretically. Here we discuss the parameter space for the realization of such a scheme and describe the laser system that was built towards this goal. We also expand our earlier theoretical study to account for the more realistic case of a moderately focused laser beam, instead of the simplified plane wave approximation.

关键词： amplitude modulation high-frequency modulation autoresonance ion acoustic wave

Optimization of gas lift system for well performance improvement in Asmari formation:A techno-economic perspective

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Petroleum Research 2024年第1期9卷 115-124页

作者： Hari Sreenivasan Jash Patel Dev Jain Setu Patel Isaac wilson Shanker Krishna Drilling Cementing&Stimulation(DCS)Research CentreDepartment of Petroleum EngineeringSchool of Energy Technology(SoET)Pandit Deendayal Energy University(PDEU)Knowledge CorridorRaysanGandhinagarGujarat382426India

Well productivity in the Asmari carbonate formation of southwest Iran has decreased in recent years as a result of production *** production rate must be maintained below 1500 StB/day to prevent water *** this study,a gas lift well is modeled using data from one of the producing wells of this *** analysis is performed using lift-gas injection rates and wellhead pressures at different reservoir pressures and water cut conditions to optimize *** aspects are considered to optimize the artificial gas injection rates at different tubing head pressures and water cut *** the lift-gas injection rate from 0.4 MMscf/day to 1 MMscf/day enhances the oil production rate by 37.71%and 43.89%for 10%and 30%water cut conditions,*** injection rates of 5.2 MMscf/day and 5.4 MMscf/day are determined to be economically optimal for 30%water cut with tubing head pressures of 260 psig and 270 psig,respectively.

关键词： Production enhancement Artificial lift Gas lift Asmari carbonate formation techno-economic analysis Well productivity

Neuronal trafficking as a key to functional recovery in immune-mediated neuropathies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第11期19卷 2331-2332页

作者： Felix Kohle michael Schroeter Department of Neurology University of Cologne and University Hospital CologneCologneGermany

Immune-mediated neuropathies are rare diseases of the peripheral nervous system(PNS),substantially affecting patients’functionality and quality of *** are amenable to immunomodulatory treatments,which in many cases stabilize disease progression,but long-term deficits persist in many *** long-term deficits are particularly observed in monophasic autoimmune neuropathies like Guillain-Barrésyndrome and also in chronic variants,e.g.,chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy(Fadia et al.,2019).

关键词： diseases autoimmune

transcranial photobiomodulation for the brain: a wide range of clinical applications

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 483-484页

作者： michael R.Hamblin Laser Research Centre Faculty of Health ScienceUniversity of Johannesburg-Doornfontein CampusDoornfonteinSouth Africa

Photobiomodulation therapy(PBMt)is a rapidly growing approach to the healing,stimulation,protection,and regeneration of many human organs and tissue *** started in the 1960s as low-level laser therapy for wound healing,but since then the introduction of light-emitting diodes(LEDs)has dramatically increased the number of applications and reports of positive *** generally uses red(620-700 nm)and/or near-infrared(780-1270 nm)wavelengths of light at an intensity that causes no tissue heating,and its activity is based on well-established biological and cellular mechanisms(de Freitas and Hamblin,2016).While laser therapists continue to use various types of laser in their office practice,LEDs are ideally suited for home use devices because they are completely safe and without any known significant adverse *** the various body parts on which PBMt has been shown to exert beneficial effects,the brain stands out as perhaps the most promising *** has been shown to reduce neuroinflammation,while increasing mitochondrial function,oxygen consumption,and blood flow within the brain(Hamblin,2016).Moreover,PBMt can stimulate the processes of synaptogenesis,neurogenesis,and neuroplasticity thus helping the brain to heal itself.

关键词： healing stimulation wound