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Glucagon-like-peptide-1 receptor agonists and the management of type 2 diabetes-backwards and forwards

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第3期15卷 326-330页

作者： michael Horowitz Lu Cai md Shahidul Islam Department of Medicine University of AdelaideAdelaide 5005Australia Pediatric Research Institute University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY 40202United States Department of Biochemistry School of Life SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalDurban 4000KwaZulu-NatalSouth Africa

This editorial is stimulated by the article by Alqifari et al published in the World Journal of Diabetes(2024).Alqifari et al focus on practical advice for the clinical use of glucagon-like-peptide-1(GLP-1)receptor agonists(GLP-1RAs)in the management of type 2 diabetes and this editorial provides complementary *** initially give a brief historical perspective of the development of GLP-1RAs stimulated by recognition of the‘incretin effect’,the substantially greater insulin increase to enteral when compared to euglycaemic intravenous glucose,and the identification of the incretin hormones,GIP and *** addition to stimulating insulin,GLP-1 reduces postprandial glucose levels by slowing gastric ***-1RAs were developed because native GLP-1 has a very short plasma *** majority of current GLP-1RAs are administered by subcutaneous injection once a *** are potent in glucose lowering without leading to hypoglycaemia,stimulate weight loss in obese individuals and lead to cardiovascular and renal *** landscape in relation to GLP-1RAs is broadening rapidly,with different formulations and their combination with other peptides to facilitate both glucose lowering and weight *** is a need for more information relating to the effects of GLP-1RAs to induce gastrointestinal symptoms and slow gastric emptying which is likely to allow their use to become more effective and personalised.

关键词： Glucagon-like-peptide-1 Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide Gastric emptying Type 2 diabetes

Diabetic cardiomyopathy:Importance of direct evidence to support the roles of NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome and pyroptosis

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第8期15卷 1659-1662页

作者： Lu Cai Yi Tan md Shahidul Islam michael Horowitz Kupper A Wintergerst Pediatric Research Institute Departments of PediatricsRadiation OncologyPharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of LouisvilleWendy Novak Diabetes InstituteNorton Children’s HospitalLouisvilleKY 40202United States Department of Biochemistry School of Life SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalDurban 4000KwaZulu-NatalSouth Africa Department of Medicine University of AdelaideAdelaide 5005Australia Pediatric Research Institute Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of PediatricsWendy Novak Diabetes InstituteNorton Children’s HospitalUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY 40202United States

Recently,the roles of pyroptosis,a form of cell death induced by activated NODlike receptor protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome,in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM)have been extensively ***,most studies have focused mainly on whether diabetes increases the NLRP3 inflammasome and associated pyroptosis in the heart of type 1 or type 2 diabetic rodent models,and whether various medications and natural products prevent the development of DCM,associated with decreased levels of cardiac NLRP3 inflammasome and *** direct link of NLRP3 inflammasome and associated pyroptosis to the pathogenesis of DCM remains unclear based on the limited evidence derived from the available studies,with the approaches of NLRP3 gene silencing or pharmaceutical application of NLRP3 specific *** thus emphasize the requirement for more systematic studies that are designed to provide direct evidence to support the link,given that several studies have provided both direct and indirect evidence under specific *** editorial emphasizes that the current investigation should be circumspect in its conclusion,i.e.,not overemphasizing its role in the pathogenesis of DCM with the fact of only significantly increased expression or activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis in the heart of diabetic rodent *** clear-cut evidence-based causative roles of NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis in the pathogenesis of DCM can help to develop effective and safe medications for the clinical management of DCM,targeting these biomarkers.

关键词： Diabetic cardiomyopathy Nucleotide oligomerization domain NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome Cardiac cell death Pyroptosis

Impact of cancer diagnosis on life expectancy by area-level socioeconomic groups in New South Wales, Australia: a population-based study

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2024年第8期21卷 692-702页

作者： md Mijanur Rahman michael David David Goldsbury Karen Canfell Kou Kou Paramita Dasgupta Peter Baade Xue Qin Yu The Daffodil Centre The University of SydneyA Joint Venture with Cancer Council NSWSydneyNSW 1340Australia School of Medicine and Dentistry Griffith UniversityGold CoastQLD 4222Australia Cancer Council Queensland BrisbaneQLD 4006Australia

Objective: Improvement in cancer survival over recent decades has not been accompanied by a narrowing of socioeconomic disparities. This study aimed to quantify the loss of life expectancy(LOLE) resulting from a cancer diagnosis and examine disparities in LOLE based on area-level socioeconomic status(SES).Methods: Data were collected for all people between 50 and 89 years of age who were diagnosed with cancer, registered in the NSW Cancer Registry between 2001 and 2019, and underwent mortality follow-up evaluations until December 2020. Flexible parametric survival models were fitted to estimate the LOLE by gender and area-level SES for 12 common ***: Of 422,680 people with cancer, 24% and 18% lived in the most and least disadvantaged areas, respectively. Patients from the most disadvantaged areas had a significantly greater average LOLE than patients from the least disadvantaged areas for cancers with high survival rates, including prostate [2.9 years(95% CI: 2.5±3.2 years) vs. 1.6 years(95% CI: 1.3±1.9 years)] and breast cancer [1.6 years(95% CI: 1.4±1.8 years) vs. 1.2 years(95% CI: 1.0±1.4 years)]. The highest average LOLE occurred in males residing in the most disadvantaged areas with pancreatic [16.5 years(95% CI: 16.1±16.8 years) vs. 16.2 years(95% CI: 15.7±16.7 years)] and liver cancer [15.5 years(95% CI: 15.0±16.0 years) vs. 14.7 years(95% CI: 14.0±15.5 years)]. Females residing in the least disadvantaged areas with thyroid cancer [0.9 years(95% CI: 0.4±1.4 years) vs. 0.6 years(95% CI: 0.2±1.0 years)] or melanoma [0.9 years(95% CI: 0.8±1.1 years) vs. 0.7 years(95% CI: 0.5±0.8 years)] had the lowest average ***: Patients from the most disadvantaged areas had the highest LOLE with SES-based differences greatest for patients diagnosed with cancer at an early stage or cancers with higher survival rates, suggesting the need to prioritise early detection and reduce treatment-related barriers and survivorship challenges to improve life expec

关键词： Cancer diagnosis life expectancy loss of life expectancy area-level socioeconomic status flexible parametric model

Fabrication of sub-20 nm MoS_(2) horizontal nanowire on silicon substrates by inclusion of precursors into polystyrene-bpolyethylene oxide nanopatterns: Detailed structural investigation

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Nano Research 2024年第3期17卷 2145-2153页

作者： Tandra Ghoshal michael A.Morris School of Chemistry AMBER and CRANNTrinity College DublinDublinIrelandD02 AK60

Herein,we demonstrate the fabrication of sub-20 nm MoS_(2) horizontal nanowire arrays on silicon substrates using a self-assembled block copolymer assisted in situ inclusion *** separated long-range ordered polystyrene-b-polyethylene oxide(PS-b-PEO)block copolymer(BCP)line-space nanopatterns were achieved through thermo-solvent *** patterns produced had long-range order and domain sizes>1μ*** BCP structures were lightly etched and modified by anhydrous ethanol to facilitate insertion of molybdenum precursor within the film maintaining the parent BCP *** ordered molybdenum oxide nanowire arrays were then fabricated by ultraviolet(UV)/ozone treatment at room *** oxides were converted to sulphides by thermal evaporation at different temperatures in Ar/H_(2) environment.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the composition and phases of the molybdenum oxide and sulphide *** mapping was performed to investigate the interfaces between the oxide and sulphide nanowires with the substrate *** formation and stability of the sulphide nanowires were studied at different *** photoluminescence and Raman properties were studied at different formation temperatures to investigate defects and estimate the number of layers.

关键词： MoS_(2) block copolymer nanowires inclusion X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) mapping photoluminescence

Neuronal trafficking as a key to functional recovery in immune-mediated neuropathies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第11期19卷 2331-2332页

作者： Felix Kohle michael Schroeter Department of Neurology University of Cologne and University Hospital CologneCologneGermany

Immune-mediated neuropathies are rare diseases of the peripheral nervous system(PNS),substantially affecting patients’functionality and quality of *** are amenable to immunomodulatory treatments,which in many cases stabilize disease progression,but long-term deficits persist in many *** long-term deficits are particularly observed in monophasic autoimmune neuropathies like Guillain-Barrésyndrome and also in chronic variants,e.g.,chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy(Fadia et al.,2019).

关键词： diseases autoimmune

Design of a Level-3 electric vehicle charging station using a 1-MW solar system via the distributed maximum power point tracking technique

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CLEAN ENERGY 2024年第1期8卷 23-35页

作者： Balal, Afshin Giesselmann, michael Texas Tech Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Lubbock TX 79409 USA

Solar power is mostly influenced by solar irradiation, weather conditions, solar array mismatches and partial shading conditions. Therefore, before installing solar arrays, it is necessary to simulate and determine the possible power generated. Maximum power point tracking is needed in order to make sure that, at any time, the maximum power will be extracted from the photovoltaic system. However, maximum power point tracking is not a suitable solution for mismatches and partial shading conditions. To overcome the drawbacks of maximum power point tracking due to mismatches and shadows, distributed maximum power point tracking is utilized in this paper. The solar farm can be distributed in different ways, including one DC-DC converter per group of modules or per module. In this paper, distributed maximum power point tracking per module is implemented, which has the highest efficiency. This technology is applied to electric vehicles (EVs) that can be charged with a Level 3 charging station in <1 hour. However, the problem is that charging an EV in <1 hour puts a lot of stress on the power grid, and there is not always enough peak power reserve in the existing power grid to charge EVs at that rate. Therefore, a Level 3 (fast DC) EV charging station using a solar farm by implementing distributed maximum power point tracking is utilized to address this issue. Finally, the simulation result is reported using MATLAB((R)), LTSPICE and the System Advisor Model. Simulation results show that the proposed 1-MW solar system will provide 5 MWh of power each day, which is enough to fully charge similar to 120 EVs each day. Additionally, the use of the proposed photovoltaic system benefits the environment by removing a huge amount of greenhouse gases and hazardous pollutants. For example, instead of supplying EVs with power from coal-fired power plants, 1989 pounds of CO2 will be eliminated from the air per hour.

关键词： electric vehicles (EVs) distributed maximum power point tracking solar farm DC fast-charging station step-up DC-DC converter System Advisor Model economic analysis MPPT ENERGY ALGORITHM ARRAYS

Transcranial photobiomodulation for the brain: a wide range of clinical applications

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 483-484页

作者： michael R.Hamblin Laser Research Centre Faculty of Health ScienceUniversity of Johannesburg-Doornfontein CampusDoornfonteinSouth Africa

Photobiomodulation therapy(PBMT)is a rapidly growing approach to the healing,stimulation,protection,and regeneration of many human organs and tissue *** started in the 1960s as low-level laser therapy for wound healing,but since then the introduction of light-emitting diodes(LEDs)has dramatically increased the number of applications and reports of positive *** generally uses red(620-700 nm)and/or near-infrared(780-1270 nm)wavelengths of light at an intensity that causes no tissue heating,and its activity is based on well-established biological and cellular mechanisms(de Freitas and Hamblin,2016).While laser therapists continue to use various types of laser in their office practice,LEDs are ideally suited for home use devices because they are completely safe and without any known significant adverse *** the various body parts on which PBMT has been shown to exert beneficial effects,the brain stands out as perhaps the most promising *** has been shown to reduce neuroinflammation,while increasing mitochondrial function,oxygen consumption,and blood flow within the brain(Hamblin,2016).Moreover,PBMT can stimulate the processes of synaptogenesis,neurogenesis,and neuroplasticity thus helping the brain to heal itself.

关键词： healing stimulation wound

Odd-even effects in the structure and properties of aryl-substituted aliphatic self-assembled monolayers

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Nano Research 2024年第5期17卷 4231-4243页

作者： Piotr Cyganik Andreas Terfort michael Zharnikov Jagiellonian University Faculty of PhysicsAstronomy and Applied Computer ScienceSmoluchowski Institute of PhysicsŁojasiewicza 1130-348 KrakówPoland Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Straße 760438 FrankfurtGermany Applied Physical Chemistry Heidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 25369120 HeidelbergGermany

Self-assembled monolayers(SAMs)represent an important tool in context of nanofabrication and molecular engineering of surfaces and *** properties of functional SAMs depend not only on the character of the tail groups at the SAM-ambient interface,but are also largely defined by their *** its turn,the latter parameter results from a complex interplay of the structural forces and a variety of other factors,including so called odd-even effects,*** of the SAM structure and properties on the parity of the number(odd or even)of individual building blocks in the backbone of the SAM *** most impressive manifestation of the odd-even effects is the structure of aryl-substituted alkanethiolate SAMs on Au(111)and Ag(111),in which,in spite of the fact that the intermolecular interaction is mostly determined by the aryl part of the monolayers,one observes a pronounced dependence of molecular inclination and,consequently,the packing density of the SAM-forming molecules on the parity of number of methylene units in the alkyl *** we review the properties of the above systems as well as address fundamental reasons behind the odd-even effects,including the existence of a so-called bending potential,which is frequently disregarded in analysis of the structure-building *** generality of the odd-even effects in SAMs is additionally supported by the recent data for SAMs on GaAs,scanning tunneling microscopy data for SAMs on Ag(111),and the data for the monolayers with selenolate and carboxyl anchoring groups on Au(111)and Ag(111).The implications of these effects in terms of the control over the packing density and orientation of the tail groups at the SAM-ambient interface,structural perfection,polymorphism,temperature-driven phase transitions,and SAM stability toward such factors as ionizing radiation,exchange reaction,and electrochemical desorption are *** implications place the odd-even effects as an important tool

关键词： self-assembled monolayers molecular films surface and interface engineering odd-even-effects

A Tropical View on Landau-Ginzburg Models

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2024年第1期40卷 329-382页

作者： michael CARL Max PUMPERLA Bernd SIEBERT Alfred-Delp-Str.2 73430 AalenGermany IU Internationale Hochschule Juri-Gagarin-Ring 15299084 ErfurtGermany AnyscaleInc.2080 Addison St Ste 7BerkeleyCA 94704USA Department of Mathematics The Univ.of Texas at Austin2515 SpeedwayAustinTX 78712USA

This paper,largely written in 2009/2010,fits Landau-Ginzburg models into the mirror symmetry program pursued by the last author jointly with Mark Gross since *** point of view transparently brings in tropical disks of Maslov index 2 via the notion of broken lines,previously introduced in two dimensions by Mark Gross in his study of mirror symmetry for P2.A ma jor insight is the equivalence of properness of the Landau-Ginzburg potential with smoothness of the anticanonical divisor on the mirror *** obtain proper superpotentials which agree on an open part with those classically known for toric *** include mirror LG models for non-singular and singular del Pezzo surfaces,Hirzebruch surfaces and some Fano threefolds.

关键词： Landau-Ginzburg model mirror symmetry tropical disk broken line wall structure scattering diagram Gross-Siebert program del Pezzo surface toric degeneration