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Chapter 5 Dark Matter and New Physics Beyond the Standard Model with LHAASO

Chinese Physics C 2022年第3期46卷 126-138页

作者： Xiao-Jun Bi Andrea Addazi Konstantin Belotsky Vitaly Beylin Marco Cirelli Arman Esmaili Nicolao Fornengo Qing-Yu Gan michael kachekriess Maxim Khlopov Vladimir Korchagin Alexander Korochkin Vladimir Kuksa Antonino Marciano Andrei Neronov Paolo Panci Roman Pasechnick Alexander Sakharov Filippo Sala Giuseppe Di Sciascio Dimiri Semikoz Pasquale Dario Serpico Nikolay Volchanskiy Peng-Fei Yin Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Center for Theoretical Physics College of Physics Science and TechnologySichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati INFN Frasacati(Rome)ItalyEU National Research Nuclear University MEPHI(Moscow State Engineering Physics Institute) 31 Kashirskoe chausseeMoscow 115409Russia Institute of Physics Southern Federal University Stachki 194Rostov on Don 344090Russia LPTHE CNRS and Sorbonne Universit′e4 Place JussieuF-75252ParisFrance Departamento de Fisica Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro 22452-970Brazil Dipartimento di Fisica Universita di TorinoVia P.Giuria 110125 TorinoItaly Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di TorinoVia P.Giuria 110125TorinoItaly Institutt for fysikk NTNU7491 TrondheimNorway Universite de Paris CNRSAstroparticule et CosmologieF-75013 ParisFrance Department of Physics and Center for Field Theory and Particle Physics Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Astronomy Department University of GeneveCh.d’Ecogia 161290VersolxSwitzerland Dipartimento di Fisica Universita di Pisa and INFNSezione di Pisa Largo Pontecorvo 356127 PisaItaly Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics Lund University22100 LundSwedenEU Experimental Physics Department CERNGeneva 23 CH 1211Switzerland Department of Physics New York UniversityNew York NY United States of America INFN sezione Roma Tor Vergata I-00133 RomeItaly LAPTh Univ.Grenoble AlpesUSMBCNRSF-74000 AnnecyFrance Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Pjysics JINRDubnaRussia

In order to reveal the nature of dark matter,it is crucial to detect its non-gravitational interactions with the standard model *** traditional dark matter searches focused on the so-called weakly interacting massive ***,this paradigm is strongly constrained by the null results of current experiments with high *** there is a renewed interest of searches for heavy dark matter particles above TeV *** Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory(LHAASO)with large effective area and strong background rejection power is very suitable to investigate the gamma-ray signals induced by dark matter annihilation or decay above TeV *** this document,we review the theoretical motivations and background of heavy dark *** review the prospects of searching for the gamma-ray signals resulted from dark matter in the dwarf spheroidal satellites and Galactic halo for LHAASO,and present the projected *** also review the prospects of searching for the axion-like particles,which are a kind of well motivated light pseudo-scalars,through the LHAASO measurement of the very high energy gamma-ray spectra of astrophysical sources.

关键词： dark matter gamma-ray axion-like particle

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Fabrication of sub-20 nm MoS_(2) horizontal nanowire on silicon substrates by inclusion of precursors into polystyrene-bpolyethylene oxide nanopatterns: Detailed structural investigation

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Nano Research 2024年第3期17卷 2145-2153页

作者： Tandra Ghoshal michael A.Morris School of Chemistry AMBER and CRANNTrinity College DublinDublinIrelandD02 AK60

Herein,we demonstrate the fabrication of sub-20 nm MoS_(2) horizontal nanowire arrays on silicon substrates using a self-assembled block copolymer assisted in situ inclusion *** separated long-range ordered polystyrene-b-polyethylene oxide(PS-b-PEO)block copolymer(BCP)line-space nanopatterns were achieved through thermo-solvent *** patterns produced had long-range order and domain sizes>1μ*** BCP structures were lightly etched and modified by anhydrous ethanol to facilitate insertion of molybdenum precursor within the film maintaining the parent BCP *** ordered molybdenum oxide nanowire arrays were then fabricated by ultraviolet(UV)/ozone treatment at room *** oxides were converted to sulphides by thermal evaporation at different temperatures in Ar/H_(2) environment.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the composition and phases of the molybdenum oxide and sulphide *** mapping was performed to investigate the interfaces between the oxide and sulphide nanowires with the substrate *** formation and stability of the sulphide nanowires were studied at different *** photoluminescence and Raman properties were studied at different formation temperatures to investigate defects and estimate the number of layers.

关键词： MoS_(2) block copolymer nanowires inclusion X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) mapping photoluminescence

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Neuronal trafficking as a key to functional recovery in immune-mediated neuropathies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第11期19卷 2331-2332页

作者： Felix Kohle michael Schroeter Department of Neurology University of Cologne and University Hospital CologneCologneGermany

Immune-mediated neuropathies are rare diseases of the peripheral nervous system(PNS),substantially affecting patients’functionality and quality of *** are amenable to immunomodulatory treatments,which in many cases stabilize disease progression,but long-term deficits persist in many *** long-term deficits are particularly observed in monophasic autoimmune neuropathies like Guillain-Barrésyndrome and also in chronic variants,e.g.,chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy(Fadia et al.,2019).

关键词： diseases autoimmune

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Design of a Level-3 electric vehicle charging station using a 1-MW solar system via the distributed maximum power point tracking technique

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CLEAN ENERGY 2024年第1期8卷 23-35页

作者： Balal, Afshin Giesselmann, michael Texas Tech Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Lubbock TX 79409 USA

Solar power is mostly influenced by solar irradiation, weather conditions, solar array mismatches and partial shading conditions. Therefore, before installing solar arrays, it is necessary to simulate and determine the possible power generated. Maximum power point tracking is needed in order to make sure that, at any time, the maximum power will be extracted from the photovoltaic system. However, maximum power point tracking is not a suitable solution for mismatches and partial shading conditions. To overcome the drawbacks of maximum power point tracking due to mismatches and shadows, distributed maximum power point tracking is utilized in this paper. The solar farm can be distributed in different ways, including one DC-DC converter per group of modules or per module. In this paper, distributed maximum power point tracking per module is implemented, which has the highest efficiency. This technology is applied to electric vehicles (EVs) that can be charged with a Level 3 charging station in <1 hour. However, the problem is that charging an EV in <1 hour puts a lot of stress on the power grid, and there is not always enough peak power reserve in the existing power grid to charge EVs at that rate. Therefore, a Level 3 (fast DC) EV charging station using a solar farm by implementing distributed maximum power point tracking is utilized to address this issue. Finally, the simulation result is reported using MATLAB((R)), LTSPICE and the System Advisor Model. Simulation results show that the proposed 1-MW solar system will provide 5 MWh of power each day, which is enough to fully charge similar to 120 EVs each day. Additionally, the use of the proposed photovoltaic system benefits the environment by removing a huge amount of greenhouse gases and hazardous pollutants. For example, instead of supplying EVs with power from coal-fired power plants, 1989 pounds of CO2 will be eliminated from the air per hour.

关键词： electric vehicles (EVs) distributed maximum power point tracking solar farm DC fast-charging station step-up DC-DC converter System Advisor Model economic analysis MPPT ENERGY ALGORITHM ARRAYS

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Transcranial photobiomodulation for the brain: a wide range of clinical applications

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 483-484页

作者： michael R.Hamblin Laser Research Centre Faculty of Health ScienceUniversity of Johannesburg-Doornfontein CampusDoornfonteinSouth Africa

Photobiomodulation therapy(PBMT)is a rapidly growing approach to the healing,stimulation,protection,and regeneration of many human organs and tissue *** started in the 1960s as low-level laser therapy for wound healing,but since then the introduction of light-emitting diodes(LEDs)has dramatically increased the number of applications and reports of positive *** generally uses red(620-700 nm)and/or near-infrared(780-1270 nm)wavelengths of light at an intensity that causes no tissue heating,and its activity is based on well-established biological and cellular mechanisms(de Freitas and Hamblin,2016).While laser therapists continue to use various types of laser in their office practice,LEDs are ideally suited for home use devices because they are completely safe and without any known significant adverse *** the various body parts on which PBMT has been shown to exert beneficial effects,the brain stands out as perhaps the most promising *** has been shown to reduce neuroinflammation,while increasing mitochondrial function,oxygen consumption,and blood flow within the brain(Hamblin,2016).Moreover,PBMT can stimulate the processes of synaptogenesis,neurogenesis,and neuroplasticity thus helping the brain to heal itself.

关键词： healing stimulation wound

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Odd-even effects in the structure and properties of aryl-substituted aliphatic self-assembled monolayers

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Nano Research 2024年第5期17卷 4231-4243页

作者： Piotr Cyganik Andreas Terfort michael Zharnikov Jagiellonian University Faculty of PhysicsAstronomy and Applied Computer ScienceSmoluchowski Institute of PhysicsŁojasiewicza 1130-348 KrakówPoland Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Straße 760438 FrankfurtGermany Applied Physical Chemistry Heidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 25369120 HeidelbergGermany

Self-assembled monolayers(SAMs)represent an important tool in context of nanofabrication and molecular engineering of surfaces and *** properties of functional SAMs depend not only on the character of the tail groups at the SAM-ambient interface,but are also largely defined by their *** its turn,the latter parameter results from a complex interplay of the structural forces and a variety of other factors,including so called odd-even effects,*** of the SAM structure and properties on the parity of the number(odd or even)of individual building blocks in the backbone of the SAM *** most impressive manifestation of the odd-even effects is the structure of aryl-substituted alkanethiolate SAMs on Au(111)and Ag(111),in which,in spite of the fact that the intermolecular interaction is mostly determined by the aryl part of the monolayers,one observes a pronounced dependence of molecular inclination and,consequently,the packing density of the SAM-forming molecules on the parity of number of methylene units in the alkyl *** we review the properties of the above systems as well as address fundamental reasons behind the odd-even effects,including the existence of a so-called bending potential,which is frequently disregarded in analysis of the structure-building *** generality of the odd-even effects in SAMs is additionally supported by the recent data for SAMs on GaAs,scanning tunneling microscopy data for SAMs on Ag(111),and the data for the monolayers with selenolate and carboxyl anchoring groups on Au(111)and Ag(111).The implications of these effects in terms of the control over the packing density and orientation of the tail groups at the SAM-ambient interface,structural perfection,polymorphism,temperature-driven phase transitions,and SAM stability toward such factors as ionizing radiation,exchange reaction,and electrochemical desorption are *** implications place the odd-even effects as an important tool

关键词： self-assembled monolayers molecular films surface and interface engineering odd-even-effects

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A Tropical View on Landau-Ginzburg Models

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2024年第1期40卷 329-382页

作者： michael CARL Max PUMPERLA Bernd SIEBERT Alfred-Delp-Str.2 73430 AalenGermany IU Internationale Hochschule Juri-Gagarin-Ring 15299084 ErfurtGermany AnyscaleInc.2080 Addison St Ste 7BerkeleyCA 94704USA Department of Mathematics The Univ.of Texas at Austin2515 SpeedwayAustinTX 78712USA

This paper,largely written in 2009/2010,fits Landau-Ginzburg models into the mirror symmetry program pursued by the last author jointly with Mark Gross since *** point of view transparently brings in tropical disks of Maslov index 2 via the notion of broken lines,previously introduced in two dimensions by Mark Gross in his study of mirror symmetry for P2.A ma jor insight is the equivalence of properness of the Landau-Ginzburg potential with smoothness of the anticanonical divisor on the mirror *** obtain proper superpotentials which agree on an open part with those classically known for toric *** include mirror LG models for non-singular and singular del Pezzo surfaces,Hirzebruch surfaces and some Fano threefolds.

关键词： Landau-Ginzburg model mirror symmetry tropical disk broken line wall structure scattering diagram Gross-Siebert program del Pezzo surface toric degeneration

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Recent development and challenges in enhancing fire performance on wood and wood-based composites:A 10-year review from 2012 to 2021

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2024年第1期9卷 27-42页

作者： Charles michael Albert Kang Chiang Liew Faculty of Tropical Forestry Universiti Malaysia SabahKota Kinabalu 88400Kota KinabaluSabah 88400Malaysia

Due to their durability,versatility,and aesthetic value,wood and wood-based composites are widely used as building *** fact that these materials are flammable,however,raises a major worry since they might cause fire hazards and significant loss of life and *** article investigates the variables that affect fire performance as well as the various fire-retardant treatments and their *** current developments and challenges in improving the fire performance of wood and wood-based composites treated with fire-retardant materials are summarized in this ***,organic chemicals,and densification are some recent developments in fire-retardant treatments that are also *** points from the review are summarized,along with potential areas for further research and development.

关键词： Fire performance Fire-retardant materials Wood Wood-based composite Nanoparticles coating Surface charring Bio-based fire retardant Densification

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Implementation and validation of a bonded particle model to predict rheological properties of viscoelastic materials

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Particuology 2024年第6期89卷 198-210页

作者： michael Mascara Arno Mayrhofer Stefan Radl Christoph Kloss Institute of Process and Particle Engineering Graz University of TechnologyInffeldgasse 13Graz8010Austria DCS Computing GmbH Industriezeile 35Linz4020Austria

This work focuses on implementing a particle-based method able to characterize viscoelastic materials whose rheological properties,such as storage modulus G′and loss modulus G″,are *** is based on the bonded particle model,with the elastic constitutive relation here substituted with a viscoelastic one to capture time-scale *** Burgers model,vastly used in literature to model viscoelastic systems,is discretized and *** test case used for calibration comprises of a cubic lattice,sheared with a periodic motion,to mimic the effect of a shear *** appropriate filtering of the stress response,the rheological properties are obtained,highlighting the effect of the lattice geometry,as well as the particle size,on the accuracy of the ***,the Burgers parameters are calibrated by analytically fitting the experimental dataset,showing the limitation of the Burgers *** micro-contact parameters are obtained from the macro parameters through appropriate *** completing a frequency sweep,the simulated G′and G″show a relatively large error,around 25%for G’for *** this reason,a more robust model,namely the generalized Maxwell model,has been *** calibration procedure is performed in the same fashion as for the Burgers ***,the tangential micro-contact parameters are scaled *** normal *** scaling parameter,calledα,is calibrated by minimizing the root mean square error between simulation and experimental data,giving errors below 10%in both G′and G″for a large ***,a full ring plate-plate rheometer setup is simulated,and the simulation is compared with the given experimental dataset,again finding a good agreement.

关键词： DEM Rheology Numerical modeling Viscoelasticity

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Increasing realism in modelling energy losses in railway vehicles and their impact to energy-efficient train control

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Railway Engineering Science 2024年第3期32卷 257-285页

作者： michael Nold Francesco Corman Institute for Transport Planning and Systems ETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland

The reduction of energy consumption is an increasingly important topic of the railway ***-efficient train control(EETC)is one solution,which refers to mathematically computing when to accelerate,which cruising speed to hold,how long one should coast over a suitable space,and when to *** approaches in literature and industry greatly simplify a lot of nonlinear effects,such that they ignore mostly the losses due to energy conversion in traction components and *** fill this research gap,a series of increasingly detailed nonlinear losses is described and *** categorize an increasing detail in this representation as four *** study the impact of those levels of detail on the energy optimal speed *** do this,a standard approach based on dynamic programming is used,given constraints on total travel *** evaluation of multiple test cases highlights the influence of the dynamic losses and the power consumption of auxiliary components on railway trajectories,also compared to multiple *** results show how the losses can make up 50%of the total energy consumption for an exemplary *** them would though result in consistent but limited errors in the optimal ***,more complex trajectories can result in less energy consumption when including the complexity of nonlinear losses than when a simpler model is *** effects are stronger when the trajectory includes many acceleration and braking phases.

关键词： Train trajectory optimization Energy-efficient train control(EETC) Dynamic efficiency Power losses in railway vehicles

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