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Dryland agriculture and rangeland restoration priorities in Afghanistan

journal of Arid Land 2015年第3期7卷 391-402页

作者： michael j jacobs Catherine A SCHLOEDER Philip D TANIMOTO Texas Agri Life Research Department of Ecosystem Science & Management2138TAMUCollege StationTX 77843-2138USA Oikos Services LLCFortineMT 59918USA Conservation Imaging Inc.AuburndaleMassachusetts 02466USA

Afghanistan is threatened by rangeland degradation.A quantitative visual analysis of Google Earth Imagery was used to systematically locate,characterize and quantify the current extent of rangelands in Afghanistan degraded as a consequence of dryland *** data were used in conjunction with dryland agriculture locations to establish a climate envelope comprised by temperature and mean annual precipitation to create a geographical mask known to contain dryland *** this mask we created a grid of 100 km2 cells that we analyzed individually to access dryland agriculture *** limits to sustainable dryland agriculture and areas of high restoration priority were also assessed as was the distribution of rain-fed agriculture with respect to the location of traditional migration routes for extensive livestock *** extents of agriculture in Afghanistan,at both upper and lower elevations,correlated most closely with mean annual temperature（MAT） at the upper elevation limits,and with mean annual precipitation（MAP） at the lower elevation *** total,dryland agriculture comprised 38,980 km2 of former native *** was highest in the northwestern,northern and northeastern provinces of Herat,Badghis,Faryab,jawzjan,Sar-e-Pul,Samangan,Balkh,Baghlan,Kunduz,Takhar and Badakhshan,with the highest percentage of conversion occurring in *** MAP value of 〈400 mm is perceived by farmers as the current climatic limit to sustainable dryland agriculture across the northern regions of the *** this MAP value,approximately 27,677 km2 of converted rangeland met the need for restoration *** projections indicate that Afghanistan will become warmer and drier in the coming *** consequence of this trend is that the MAP threshold of 〈400 mm to sustainable dryland agriculture will become obsolete in the coming *** of currently converted rangelands is needed to restore critical grazing area

关键词： degradation climatic trends extensive livestock production dryland agriculture rangeland restoration

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Hemolysis results in impaired intestinal microcirculation and intestinal epithelial cell injury

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第2期17卷 213-218页

作者： Sebastiaan j Hanssen Tim Lubbers Caroline M Hodin Frits W Prinzen Wim A Buurman michael j jacobs Department of Surgery Maastricht University Medical Center Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht Maastricht University Medical Center European Vascular Center Aachen-Maastricht Department of Vascular SurgeryUniversity Hospital Aachen Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht Maastricht University Medical Center Department of Physiology Maastricht University Medical Center

AIM:To study the effect of circulating cell-free oxy-hemoglobin(FHb) on intestinal microcirculation and intestinal epithelial injury in a rat model. METHODS:To induce elevated intravascular circulating FHb,male Sprague-Dawley rats received water or FHb *** changes in jejunum,ileum and colon were evaluated using fluorescent *** injury was quantified as plasmatic release of ileal lipid binding protein(iLBP) and verified by histological analysis of the ileum. RESULTS:Water and FHb infusions resulted,when compared with saline infusion,in reduced intestinal microcirculation(after 30 min Pjejunum and colon) .Circulating FHb levels correlated significantly with release of iLBP(Spearman r=0.72,P=0.0011) .Epithelial cell injury of the villi was histologically observed after water and FHb infusions. CONCLUSION:This study shows that circulating FHb leads to a reduction in intestinal microcirculatory blood flow with marked injury to intestinal epithelial cells. These data support the hypothesis that circulating FHb contributes to the development of intestinal injury.

关键词： Hemoglobin Microcirculation Organ injury Vasoconstriction

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Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia arising from an ectopic pancreas in the small bowel

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2014年第6期13卷 658-661页

作者： Francisco Igor Macedo Deepa Taggarshe Tafadzwa Makarawo Barry Herschman michael j jacobs Department of General Surgery Providence Hospital and Medical Centers Southfield MI 48075 USA Department of General Surgery Providence Hospital and Medical Centers Southfield MI 48075 USA Department of Pathology Providence Hospital and Medical Centers Southfield MI 48075 USA

BACKGROUND： Ectopic pancreatic tissue is relatively uncommon, and is characterized as pancreatic tissue with no contact with the normal pancreas, and with its own ductal system and blood supply. It is usually asymptomatic, and can be incidentally diagnosed by conventional imaging studies. METHOD： A 69-year-old woman with a prior history of bilateral breast carcinoma presented with ectopic pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia （PanIN） that was identified incidentally in the small bowel during an oncological resection of a synchronous primary pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and renal cell carcinoma. RESULTS： The patient underwent subtotal pancreatectomy with splenectomy, regional lymphadenectomy, radical left nephrectomy, and small bowel resection with primary anastomosis of ectopic PanlN-2. She had an uneventful hospitalization and was discharged home on postoperative day 7. CONCLUSIONS： The occurrence of ectopic PanIN is extremely unusual with only few cases previously reported in the literature. The need for negative margins after surgical resection of ectopic PanIN lesions remains controversial.

关键词： ectopic pancreas pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia PanIN pancreatic adenocarcinoma

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Clear Cell Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Rare Subtype

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journal of Cancer Therapy 2011年第5期2卷 683-685页

作者： Armin Kamyab michael j. jacobs 不详

Introduction: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is generally divided into clear cell, papillary, and chromophobe subtypes. Clear cell papillary RCC is a recently described subtype. Case report: We report the case of a 42 year old female who was found on computed tomography scan of the abdomen to have a cyst which appeared to involve the right kidney. Pathology of the cyst wall revealed features consistent with a RCC, clear cell papillary type. Discussion: Clear cell papillary RCC are a recently described entity with less than 100 cases reported in the literature. Most cases in the literature have been associated with end-stage renal disease, however more case are being reported in patients without renal disease. Conclusion: Clear cell papillary RCC is a rare distinct entity in the spectrum of renal cell carcinoma. Based on the literature they appear to be clinically indolent tumors;however, more research is required to further characterize and prognosticate these rare tumors.

关键词： Renal Cell Carcinoma Clear Cell Papillary

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Cecal bascule herniation into the lesser sac

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World journal of Clinical Cases 2014年第12期2卷 903-906页

作者： Tafadzwa Makarawo Francisco Igor Macedo michael j jacobs Department of Surgery Providence Hospital and Medical Centers Southfield MI 48075 United States

Cecal bascule is a rare cause of bowel obstruction in which a mobile cecum folds anteriorly and superiorly over the ascending colon. Herein, we present the first case of internal herniation of a cecal bascule into the lesser sac through the foramen of winslow, aiming at discussing radiological findings, differential diagnosis,and surgical management of this uncommon condition.A 75-year-old female presented to the emergency room with an 18-h history of sudden onset sharp, progressively worsening abdominal pain associated with vomiting. Physical exam revealed abdominal distention and epigastric tenderness while initial laboratory tests were unremarkable. Computed tomography of her abdomen and pelvis showed a loop of distended colon within lesser sac without signs of bowel ischemia or perforation. On exploratory laparotomy, a cecal bascule was found herniating into lesser sac via foramen of *** reduction, the cecum appeared viable therefore a cecopexy was performed without bowel *** cecal volvulus, cecal bascule consists of no axial rotation of the bowel with no mesenteric vascular compromise and therefore ischemia would only occur from intraluminal tension or extraluminal compression from the borders of foramen of winslow. The management of internal herniation of a cecal bascule is always surgical including anatomic resection or cecopexy.

关键词： Cecal Bascule Hernia Internal Foramen Winslow

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Bayesian inference-based wear prediction method for plain bearings under stationary mixed-friction conditions

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Friction 2024年第6期12卷 1272-1282页

作者： Florian KÖNIG Florian WIRSING Georg jacobs Rui HE Zhigang TIAN Ming j.ZUO Institute for Machine Elements and Systems Engineering RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen 52062Germany Department of Mechanical Engineering University of AlbertaEdmonton T6G1H9Canada Qingdao International Academician Park Research Institute Qingdao 266000China

This study introduces a method to predict the remaining useful life(RUL)of plain bearings operating under stationary,wear-critical *** this method,the transient wear data of a coupled elastohydrodynamic lubrication(mixed-EHL)and wear simulation approach is used to parametrize a statistical,linear degradation *** method incorporates Bayesian inference to update the linear degradation model throughout the runtime and thereby consider the transient,system-dependent wear progression within the RUL prediction.A case study is used to show the suitability of the proposed *** results show that the method can be applied to three distinct types of post-wearing-in behavior:wearing-in with subsequent hydrodynamic,stationary wear,and progressive wear *** hydrodynamic operation leads to an infinite lifetime,the method is successfully applied to predict RUL in cases with stationary and progressive wear.

关键词： plain bearings wear modeling remaining useful life prediction Bayesian inference

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Improved Outcomes in Gallbladder Cancer with Early Diagnosis and Negative Nodal Status

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journal of Cancer Therapy 2012年第2期3卷 137-145页

作者： Lauren Smithson Christopher Keto Lorenzo Ferguson Sumet Silapaswan michael j. jacobs Ramachandra Kolachalam jeffrey C. Flynn Vijay K. Mittal Department of Surgery Providence Hospital and Medical Centers Southfield USA Department of Surgery Providence Hospital and Medical Centers Southfield USA.

Background: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a rare disease of the hepatobiliary tract characterized by silent presentation, poor prognosis, and limited therapy. Current imaging modalities, clinical symptoms and laboratory values are of limited value in diagnosis and tumour markers are used as a clinical adjunct. Five year survival is 5% - 12% and a majority of patients survive less than 1 year. Early identification, negative nodal status, and extended cholecystectomy improve survival;adjuvant therapy does not appear to play a role. Objective: To evaluate the effects of stage and nodal status of GBC on survival by analyzing clinical and radiological factors leading to preoperative diagnosis and appropriate subsequent management. Results: Forty-three patients (31 female, 12 male) had primary GBC. Average age was 69 years. The most common presenting symptom was pain (65%). Fifteen (35%) patients presented with acute cholecystitis;9 were suspicious for a mass. Ultrasound and computed tomography were the imaging modalities most often used. Preoperative diagnoses were made in only 7 (16%) patients, whereas 16 (37%) patients were diagnosed intra-operatively and 20 (47%) post-operatively. Adjuvant chemotherapy was offered in 16 (37%) patients. Average survival was 28 months (range 0.5 - 238 months), with a 5-year survival of 13% across all stages. Early GBC (stages 1 - 2) had a 5-year survival of 43%, and late GBC (stages 3 - 4) had no survival at 5 years, with an average survival of 9 months. Positive nodes decreased survival. Conclusion: Our results mirror what has been reported in the literature. Most patients presented with acute cholecystitis, with confounding clinical data, but few were preoperatively diagnosed with GBC. Imaging was rarely diagnostic. Late stage GBC, as well as node-positive status, had dismal outcomes with low 1-year and 5-year survival rates. Improved preoperative suspicion of early GBC would allow for more intentional curative resections, before nodes

关键词： Gallbladder Carcinoma Node Status Survival

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Hepatic angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expression in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and in patients with fatal COVID-19

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第31期30卷 3705-3716页

作者： Angus K jacobs Steven D Morley Kay Samuel Katie Morgan Lyndsey Boswell Timothy j Kendall David A Dorward jonathan A Fallowfield Peter C Hayes john N Plevris Hepatology Laboratory University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH164SBUnited Kingdom Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service Jack Copland CentreEdinburgh EH144BEUnited Kingdom Institute for Regeneration and Repair University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH164UUUnited Kingdom Edinburgh Pathology University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH164SBUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),characterised by hepatic lipid accumulation,causes inflammation and oxidative stress accompanied by cell damage and *** injury(LI)is also frequently reported in patients hospitalised with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),while preexisting MASLD increases the risk of LI and the development of COVID-19-associated *** of injury at the cellular level remain unclear,but it may be significant that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)which causes COVID-19,uses angiotensin-converting expression enzyme 2(ACE2),a key regulator of the‘anti-inflammatory’arm of the renin-angiotensin system,for viral attachment and host cell *** To determine if hepatic ACE2 levels are altered during progression of MASLD and in patients who died with severe *** ACE2 protein levels and localisation,and histological fibrosis and lipid droplet accumulation as markers of MASLD were determined in formalin-fixed liver tissue sections across the MASLD pathological spectrum(isolated hepatocellular steatosis,metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis(MASH)+/-fibrosis,end-stage cirrhosis)and in post-mortem tissues from patients who had died with severe COVID-19,using ACE2 immunohistochemistry and haematoxylin and eosin and picrosirius red staining of total collagen and lipid droplet areas,followed by quantification using machine learning-based image pixel *** ACE2 staining is primarily intracellular and concentrated in the cytoplasm of centrilobular hepatocytes and apical membranes of bile duct ***,ACE2 protein levels are elevated in non-fibrotic MASH compared to healthy controls but not in the progression to MASH with fibrosis and in ***2 protein levels and histological fibrosis are not associated,but ACE2 and liver lipid droplet content are significantly correlated across the MASLD *** A

关键词： Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 Immunohistochemistry COVID-19 COVID-19-associated cholangiopathy

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Reflections on four decades of physical activity epidemiology

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journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第5期13卷 608-610页

作者： Barbara Sternfeld David R.jacobs jr. Division of Research Kaiser Permanente Northern CaliforniaOaklandCA 94610USA Division of Epidemiology and Community Health School of Public HealthUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55454USA

In 1985,Public Health Reports published a series of papers prepared for a workshop sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC).1 Building on the seminal work of jeremy Morris and Ralph Paffenbarger jr.,who were among the first to use epidemiological methods to study physical activity(PA),2,3 the workshop itself was the result of a growing scientific understanding of the importance of“physical fitness and exercise for improving the health of the public”.

关键词： semi workshop Ralph

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A brief history of the Compendium of Physical Activities

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journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 3-5页

作者： Barbara E.Ainsworth Stephen D.Herrmann David R.jacobs jr. Melicia C.Whitt-Glover Catrine Tudor-Locke School of Exercise and Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Division of Epidemiology and Community Health University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55455USA Gramercy Research Group KnightdaleNC 27545USA College of Health and Human Services University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNC 28223USA

The Compendium of Physical Activities(Compendium)was developed to address consistent assignment of physical activity(PA)intensity values used in PA epidemiology research of the association between PA and health outcomes.1The known protective effects of PA on incident health outcomes traces to the mid-1900s,with over 50 studies examining coronary heart disease(CHD)as the outcome of interest.

关键词： epidemiology Activities protective

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