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<i>In vitro</i>ruminal fermentation of leaves from three tree forages in response to incremental levels of polyethylene glycol

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Open journal of Animal Sciences 2012年第3期2卷 142-149页

作者： Andell edwards Victor Mlambo Cicero Horatio Octavius Lallo Gary Wayne Garcia michael Davanan Diptee Department of Food Production Faculty of Science and Agriculture University of The West Indies St Augustine Trinidad and Tobago School of Veterinary Medicine Faculty of Medical Sciences Mt Hope Trinidad and Tobago The Open Tropical Forage-Animal Production Laboratory (OTP-APL) Department of Food Production Faculty of Science and Agriculture University of the West Indies St Augustine Trinidad and Tobago

Polyethylene glycol (PEG), a phenol binding agent has been used extensively to measure the biological activity of tannins in forage species. The optimum inclusion rate of PEG, per unit weight of sample varies from species to species. Determining optimum inclusion levels can prevent wastage and reduce the cost of diagnosing the biological activity of tannins, especially in developing countries. This study was designed to determine the optimum PEG inclusion levels required to completely ameliorate In vitro ruminal bioactivity of tannins in leaves from Leucaena leucocephala, Gliricidia sepium and Trichanthera gigantea using the Reading Pressure Technique. Fermentation parameters were generated by fitting gas production data to the Orskov and McDonald (1979) non-linear equation: . An asymptotic response to incremental levels of PEG was observed with cumulative gas production at 48 h post inoculation. The minimum level of PEG required to maximize In vitro ruminal fermentation of tree leaves was found to be 200 mg PEG/g DM for all tree species. Gas production rate constant for the insoluble fraction (c) showed an increase (P In vitro organic matter degradability (iOMD) declined (P In vitro ruminal tannin biological activity in leaves of the three tree species.

关键词： Tannin-Binding Agents In vitro Ruminal Gas Production Organic Matter Digestibility Tannin Bioactivity Optimum Inclusion Rate

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Plant genome resequencing and population genomics:Current status and future prospects

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Molecular Plant 2023年第8期16卷 1252-1268页

作者： Bo Song Weidong Ning Di Wei Mengyun jiang Kun Zhu Xingwei Wang David edwards Damaris AOdeny Shifeng Cheng Shenzhen Branch Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern AgricultureGenome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhen 518120China Huazhong Agricultural University College of InformaticsHubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural BioinformaticsWuhanHubeiChina Biotechnology Research Institute Guangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanning 53007China State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement School of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifeng 475004China Shenzhen Research Institute of Henan University Shenzhen 518000China School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture University of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics(ICRISAT)-Eastern and Southern Africa NairobiKenya

Advances in DNA sequencing technology have sparked a genomics revolution,driving breakthroughs in plant genetics and crop ***,the focus has shifted from cataloging genetic diversity in plants to exploring their functional significance and delivering beneficial alleles for crop *** transformation has been facilitated by the increasing adoption of whole-genome *** this review,we summarize the current progress of population-based genome resequencing studies and how these studies affect crop breeding.A total of 187 land plants from 163 countries have been resequenced,comprising 54413 *** part of resequencing efforts 367 traits have been surveyed and 86 genome-wide association studies have been *** important crops,particularly cereals,vegetables,and legumes,have dominated the resequencing efforts,leaving a gap in 49 orders,including Lycopodiales,Liliales,Acorales,Austrobaileyales,and *** resequenced germplasm is distributed across diverse geographic locations,providing a global perspective on plant *** highlight genes that have been selected during domestication,or associated with agronomic traits,and form a repository of candidate genes for future research and *** the opportunities for cross-species comparative genomics,many population genomic datasets are not accessible,impeding secondary *** call for a more open and collaborative approach to population genomics that promotes data sharing and encourages contribution-based credit *** number of plant genome resequencing studies will continue to rise with the decreasing DNA sequencing costs,coupled with advances in analysis and computational *** expansion,in terms of both scale and quality,holds promise for deeper insights into plant trait genetics and breeding design.

关键词： WGRS WGS resequencing genome variation adaptation

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Confronting A Dark History

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Beijing Review 2021年第31期64卷 24-25页

作者： Fred edwards 不详

In late May,Canadians learned the remains of 215 indigenous children had been found in unmarked graves on the site of a former residential school in British *** a month later,hundreds of other unmarked graves were found located on another former residential school in Saskatchewan and a further 182 unmarked graves were discovered at a third site in British Columbia.

关键词： hundreds History marked

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The decomposition rate of the organic carbon content of suspended particulate matter in the tropical seagrass meadows

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2021年第8期40卷 44-52页

作者： A'an johan Wahyudi Karlina Triana Afdal Afdal Hanif Budi Prayitno edwards Taufiqurrahman Hanny Meirinawati Rachma Puspitasari Lestari Lestari Suci Lastrini Research Center for Oceanography Indonesian Institute of Sciences(LIPI)Jakarta 14430Indonesia

In terms of downward transport,suspended particulate matter(SPM)from marine or terrigenous sources is an essential contributor to the carbon *** mesoscale environments such as seagrass ecosystems,SPM flux is an essential part of the total carbon budget that is transported within the *** assessing the total SPM transport from water column to sediment,potential carbon burial can be ***,SPM may decompose or reforming aggregate during transport,so estimating the vertical flux without knowing the decomposition rate will lead to over-or underestimation of the total carbon *** this paper presents the potential decomposition rate of the SPM in seagrass ecosystems in an attempt to elucidate the carbon dynamics of *** was collected from the seagrass ecosystems located at Sikka and Sorong in *** situ experiments using SPM traps were conducted to assess the vertical downward flux and decomposition rate of *** isotopic profile of SPM was measured together with organic carbon and total nitrogen *** results show that SPM was transported to the bottom of the seagrass ecosystem at a rate of up to(129.45±53.79)mg/(m^(2)·h)(according to carbon).Considering the whole period of inundation of seagrass meadows,SPM downward flux reached a maximum of 3096 mg/(m^(2)·d)(according to carbon).The decomposition rate was estimated at from 5.9μg/(mg·d)(according to carbon)to 26.6μg/(mg·d)(according to carbon).Considering the total downward flux of SPM in the study site,the maximum decomposed SPM was estimated 39.9 mg/(m^(2)·d)(according to carbon)and 82.6 mg/(m^(2)·d)(according to carbon)for study site at Sorong and Sikka,*** decomposed SPM can be 0.6%–2.7%of the total SPM flux,indicating that it is a small proportion of the total *** seagrass ecosystems of Sorong and Sikka SPM show an autochthonous tendency with the primary composition of marine-end materials.

关键词： carbon dynamic biogeochemistry coastal ecosystem particulate matter

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An annually laminated stalagmite from the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau provides evidence of climate instability during the early MIS5e in the Asian summer monsoon

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第5期66卷 1147-1164页

作者： Tao GAO Pingzhong ZHANG Hai CHENG Leilei ZHANG Xinhu LI Hongyu SHI Wei jIA Youfeng NING Hanying LI R.Lawrence edwards Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources in Western China(Gansu Province)and School of Earth Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China Institute of Global Environmental Change Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710054China Department of Earth Sciences University of MinnesotaMinneapolis55455USA

The Marine Isotope Stage(MIS5e)is characterized by a warmer climate than that of the pre-industrial period,and serves as an analog for the Current Warm Period(CWP).However,uncertainties persist regarding its climatic ***,we retrieved a stalagmite(WXB075)from Wanxiang Cave in the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,and employed abs-olute^(230)Th dating and relative annual layer data to establish a high-precision chronological framework for reconstructing the history of the Asian summer monsoon(ASM)and environmental evolution during early MIS5e with multiple *** findings indicate that the annually laminated stalagmite was formed during Cooling Event 27(C27).The deposition of WXB075 experienced a hiatus(~125.58 ka BP)due to a significant cooling event in the North Atlantic,which may be linked to the unstable climate in the Northern ***,the impact of meltwater discharge in high northern latitudes results in a two-phase evolution of the ASM,i.e.,an initial weaker stage followed by a gradual increase(with exception of deposition hiatus).The climatic instability of ASM is generally characterized by a quasi-60 year cycle that affects vegetation conditions,biological productivity,and karst hydroclimate ***,the increase in meltwater and decrease in temperature in the Northern Hemisphere have led to a weakened ASM and subsequent reduction in ***,vegetation degradation above the cave has occurred along with a slowdown of karst *** vegetation conditions,organic matter content,and wet/drought of the karst hydroclimate were affected by both the large-scale monsoon circulation and local environment during extreme weakening(strengthening)of the monsoon when high-frequency climatic events of ASM occurred.A comparison ofδ^(18)O records between early MIS5e and the past 2000 years reveals that the climate during early MIS5e differed significantly from that of CWP,Medieval Warm Period(MWP),and Dark Age Co

关键词： Eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Climate instability Wanxiang Cave stalagmite Asian summer monsoon Environmental response Deposition hiatus

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Chemical composition and in vitro fermentation characteristics of high sugar forage sorghum as an alternative to forage maize for silage making in Tarim Basin, China

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journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第1期15卷 175-182页

作者： ZHANG Su-jiang Abdul Shakoor Chaudhry Diky Ramdani Amerjan Osman GUO Xue-feng Grant Raymond edwards Long Cheng Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology College of Animal Science Tarim University School of Agriculture Food and Rural Development Newcastle University Faculty of Animal Husbandry University Padjadjaran College of Plant Science and Technology Tarim University Faculty of Agriculture & Life Sciences Lincoln University

The chemical composition, mineral profile and in vitro fermentation characteristics of maize （MZ）, high sugar forage sorghum （HS） and forage sorghum （FS）, and silages made from each forage type were measured. The MZ and MZ silage （MZS） had higher crude protein, starch and ether extract contents than both sorghum forages and sorghum silages. HS had higher ash and water-soluble carbohydrate concentrations than FS and MZ. MZ, MZS, HS and HS silage （HSS） had lower neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and acid detergent lignin than FS and FS silage （FSS）. FSS had higher dry matter （DM） and pH than MZS and HSS. HSS contained higher concentrations of P and K than FSS and MZS. MZS and HSS had higher in vitro dry matter and organic matter digestibility, CH4 production, total volatile fatty acids, acetate and propionate than FSS. pH was higher for FSS than for HSS, and ammonia was lower for HSS than for MZS and FSS. HSS had higher gas production than MZS and FSS after 2, 4, 6 and 8 h incubation. MZS had higher gas production than HSS and FSS after 26 and 28 h of incubation. The results indicate that HS may substitute for MZ to make good quality silage. However, animal studies are needed to assess the acceptability and feeding values of HSS vs. MZS for ruminant production.

关键词： high sugar forage sorghum maize silage digestibility methane gas production

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High pressure and temperature phase stabilities of dolomite and ankerite

High pressure and temperature phase stabilities of dolomite ...

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第八届“从原子到地球”——高压科学与地球科学研讨会

作者： Fei Qin Oliver T.Lord james W.E.Drewitt David edwards michael j.Walter School of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences (Beijing) School of Earth Sciences University of Bristol Geophysical Laboratory Carnegie Institute for Science

The fate of subducted carbonate has profound implications for the global carbon cycle and great importance for the geodynamic and geochemical evolution of Earth‘s deep interior. Understanding the structural evolution and stability of key carbonate phases is thus important for understanding the carbon cycleand redox conditions in the mantle1-3. Dolomite (Ca,Mg)(CO), is thought to constitute up to 0% of the Earth‘s accessible carbonate reserviors4. Since there is evidence of dolomite inclusions in ultra-deep diamonds, new high pressure-temperature polymorphs of dolomite could be crucial carbon-containing phases in the Earth‘s mantle5-8.

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Standards of liver cirrhosis care in Central Australia

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World journal of Hepatology 2022年第3期14卷 559-569页

作者： Sreecanth S Raja Robert G Batey Suzanne edwards Hein H Aung Department of Gastroenterology Alice Springs HospitalAlice Springs 0870Northern TerritoryAustralia Department of Medicine Alice Springs HospitalAlice Springs 0870Northern TerritoryAustralia Department of Statistician School of Public HealthUniversity of AdelaideAdelaide 5000South AustraliaAustralia

BACKGROUND Liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)are highly prevalent in Australia’s Northern *** factors include high levels of alcohol consumption,viral hepatitis and metabolic *** Aboriginal residents form a significant proportion of the Central Australian population and present a challenge to traditional models of liver *** surveillance and variceal screening are core components of liver cirrhosis *** To assess participation in HCC and variceal surveillance programmes in a Central Australian liver cirrhosis patient *** Retrospective cohort study of patients with liver cirrhosis presenting to Alice Springs Hospital,Australia between january 1,2012 and December 31,*** data,disease severity,attendance at hepatology clinics,participation in variceal and/or HCC surveillance programmes was *** analyses were conducted to assess factors associated with two independent outcomes:Participation in HCC and variceal *** Of 193 patients were identified.82 patients(42.4%)were female.154 patients(80%)identified as *** Model for End-stage Liver Disease Score at diagnosis was *** was the most common cause of *** patients were younger than non-Aboriginal patients(48.4 years vs 59.9 years,P<0.001).There were similar rates of excess alcohol intake(72.6%vs 66.7%,P=0.468)and obesity(34.5%vs 38.4%,P=0.573 across non-Aboriginal and Aboriginal cohorts.20.1%of patients took part in HCC surveillance and 42.1%of patients completed variceal *** patients were less likely to engage with either HCC surveillance(OR:0.38,95%CI:0.16-0.9,P=0.025)or undergo variceal screening(OR:0.31,95%CI:0.14-0.65,P=0.002).CONCLUSION HCC or variceal surveillance programmes had less uptake amongst Aboriginal *** emphasis needs to be placed on eliminating cultural obstacles to accessing hepatology services.

关键词： Viral hepatitis Cirrhosis Hepatocellular carcinoma Alcoholic liver disease Central australia

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Case report:simultaneous femtosecond laser astigmatic keratotomy and toric intraocular lens implantation in femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery in a patient with surgically induced high corneal astigmatism

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Annals of Eye Science 2022年第4期7卷 69-76页

作者： Yan Guo Heather edwards Mark Woodward Tyrone Curtis Gresham Kayla Morgan Hampton Roads Eye Associates Riverside Medical GroupHamptonVAUSA Hampton Surgical Center Riverside Medical GroupHamptonVAUSA

Background:Femtosecond laser astigmatic keratotomy(FSAK)and toric intraocular lens(IOL)implantation have been studied individually for comparison to treat astigmatism at cataract *** report a case of surgically induced high corneal astigmatism by laser thermal keratoplasty(LTK)in a patient with cataract who was successfully treated with simultaneous combination of FSAK and toric IOL implantation with femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery(FLACS).This is the first report of both procedures combined simultaneously,with or without history of *** Description:A 68-year-old male presented with a history of LTK with two enhancements each eye in 2004,with subsequent surgically induced high corneal astigmatism,and with age-related nuclear cataract of both *** master demonstrated+7.71 diopters of astigmatism at 163 degree right eye and+3.29 diopters of astigmatism at 4 degree left *** extensive discussion of the risks and benefits,the patient agreed to undergo FLACS with FSAK with two 61 degrees of relaxation incisions(RIs)and toric IOL(Alcon SN6AT9)right eye;FLACS with toric IOL(Alcon SN6AT7)alone left *** 2-year follow-up,uncorrected visual acuity was 20/30 right eye,20/25 left *** best corrected visual acuity was 20/25(+0.25+1.00 axis 21)right eye and 20/20(plano+0.25 axis 90)left eye;his best corrected near visual acuity was j1+with add+2.50 diopters right eye and left ***:Patients with age-related cataract and LTK induced high corneal astigmatism can hardly be sufficiently treated with FSAK or toric IOL alone at the time of cataract *** effective way is to combine large FSAK and toric IOL of the highest cylindrical power of T9,in our case,simultaneously,which can achieve an excellent long term visual outcome.

关键词： High corneal astigmatism[induced by laser thermal keratoplasty(LTK)] femtosecond laser astigmatic keratotomy(FSAK) toric intraocular lens implantation(IOL implantation) femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery(FLACS) case report

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Chemical Reaction Route Selection Based on Green Chemical Engineering

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Chinese journal of Chemical Engineering 2004年第5期12卷 662-667页

作者：何潮洪葛挺峰 David W.edwards Department of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China Department of Chemical Engineering Loughborough University Leicestershire LE11 3TU UK

In the preliminary stage of chemical process design, the choice of chemical reaction route is the key design decision, and the concepts of atom utilization and environmental quotient have become extremely useful tools. However, the waste quality such as chemical toxicity and other engineering factors have not been taken into account. Therefore, a synthetic route selection index, Iroute, is proposed to determine the suitability of a chemical route in this paper. Iroute considers the effects of 'extended atom economy', material renewability, chemical characteristics and some engineering factors. The extended atom economy concept regards not only the value of the desired product but also the value of byproducts. The methodology by using Iroute to compare different routes is illustrated in case study of cyclohexanone oxime and acrylonitrile manufacture.

关键词： green design reaction route selection atom economy product chain

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