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Th. duration of sociosexual beh.viors in male meadow voles Microtus pennsylvanicus varies before, during, and after copulation

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Current Zoology 2011年第1期57卷 43-49页

作者： Ash.ee A. VAUGh. Daniel A. ferkin Javier delBARCO-TRILLO michael h. ferkin Department of Biological Sciences The University of Memphis Memphis TN 38152 USA Department of Evolutionary Anth.opology Duke University Box 90383 Durham NC 27708 USA

Th. beh.viors th.t surround copulation are ch.racterized as sociosexual beh.viors. Th.se beh.viors displayed by males th.t are directed at females may include allogrooming, wrestling, ch.sing, approach. and time spent togeth.r. Th. data supported th. h.poth.sis th.t th. duration of sociosexual beh.viors differs during th. pre-copulatory, peri-copulatory, and post-copulatory ph.ses of th. mating bout in meadow voles. Voles spent more time approach.ng conspecifics during th. pre- and peri-copulatory ph.ses th.n during th. post-copulatory ph.se. Voles spent more time allogrooming, wrestling, and ch.sing during th. pre-copulatory ph.se th.n during th. peri- and post-copulatory ph.ses. Voles spent similar amounts of time togeth.r during th. pre-, peri-, and post-copulatory ph.ses. Th. data suggest th.t sociosexual beh.viors displayed by males may be involved in set- ring th. pace and temporal components of th. mating bout. During th. pre-copulatory ph.se particular beh.viors by male voles may attract females, during th. peri-copulatory ph.se some of th.se beh.viors may stimulate or motivate th. female to mate, and during th. post-copulatory ph.se certain beh.viors may prepare th. male to mate again

关键词： Copulatory beh.vior Meadow voles Odors Sociosexual beh.vior

Male and female meadow voles Microtus pennsylvanicus respond differently to scent marks from th. top- middle-, and bottom-scent donors of an over-mark

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Current Zoology 2011年第4期57卷 441-448页

作者： michael h. ferkin Nich.las J. h.BBS Benjamin D. ferkin Adam C.ferkin Daniel A. ferkin Department of Biological Sciences The University of Memphis Ellington Hall Memphis TN 38152 USA

Previous studies h.ve sh.wn th.t individuals responded preferentially to th. mark of th. top-scent donor relative to th.t of th. bottom-scent donor of an over-mark. h.wever, terrestrial mammals are likely to encounter over-marks consisting of th. scent marks of more th.n two same-sex conspecifics in th. intersections of runways, near th. nests of sexually receptive female conspecifics, and inside and along th. borders of th. territories of conspecifics. We determined h.w meadow voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus, respond to th. marks of th. top-, middle-, and bottom-scent donors of an over-mark. We tested th. h.poth.sis th.t voles exposed to an over-mark will respond preferentially to th. scent marks th.t were deposited more recently, th. scent marks th.t were on top or near th. top of th. over-mark, compared to th. scent marks th.t were deposited earlier or near th. bot- tom of th. over-mark. Voles spent more time investigating th. mark of th. top-scent donor th.n th.t of th. eith.r th. middle- or bottom-scent donor. h.wever, males but not female voles spent more time investigating th. middle-scent mark th.n th. bot- tom-scent mark. We also tested th. h.poth.sis th.t voles evaluate and respond to over-marks differently from single scent marks. Voles spent more time investigating th. marks of th. top-, middle-, and bottom-scent donors compared to scent marks th.t were not part of th. over-mark. Voles can distinguish.among th. overlapping scent marks of th.ee scent donors and sex differences exist in th. values th.y appear to attach.to each.of th.se scent marks [Current Zoology 57 （4）： 441-448, 2011 ].

关键词： Over-marks Voles Scent marks Olfactory communication

Ch.mical cues from kingsnakes do not cause inducible defenses in h.use mice

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Current Zoology 2012年第6期58卷 797-804页

作者： W. Wallace STARKE Ⅲ michael h. ferkin Department of Biological Sciences Ellington Hall University of Memphis Memphis TN 38152 USA

Abstract Many rodents exh.bit inducible defenses wh.n exposed to ch.mical cues from mammalian predators. Th.se responses may include delays in sexual maturation, smaller adult body size and decreases in litter size and pup weigh.. We exposed th. h.brid juvenile offspring of field-caugh. and lab-descended h.use mice Mus musculus to th. ch.mical cues of mouse-fed or ch.ck-fed kingsnakes, Lampropeltis getula, for 20 days after weaning, to examine th. effects of oph.dian predator cues on prey development. We h.poth.sized th.t th.se cues would elicit inducible defenses such.as alteration of growth.rates, and/or th. timing of reproductive development in mice. Once mature, th. reproductive effort of th. mice migh. also be impacted by producing smaller litter sizes or ligh.er pups or not reproducing at all. We found no effect of kingsnake cues on any of th. measures. Th.se findings support th. h.poth.sis th.t inducible defenses may h.ve evolved as a strategy to deal with.specific predators.

关键词： Inducible defenses h.use mice Kingsnakes Ch.mical cues Growth.and development

Th. effects of cues from kingsnakes on th. reproductive effort of h.use mice

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Current Zoology 2013年第1期59卷 135-141页

作者： W. Wallace STARKE III michael h. ferkin Department of Biological Sciences University of Memphis Memphis TN 38152 USA

It is not clear if rodents express inducible defenses in response to reptilian predators such.as snakes. We tested th. h.poth.sis th.t adult h.use mice Mus musculus decrease aspects of th.ir reproductive effort upon 1 h.ur of exposure every 48 h.urs for a 25-day period to th. fecal material and sh.d skins of a euryph.gous oph.dian predator, th. kingsnake Lampropeltis getula, th.t h.d been fed mice. We found no significant differences in th. total number of offspring born, th. number of pups per litter, and th. mean weigh. of pups in litters born to male and female mice th.t were exposed to predator cues and th.se mice th.t were not exposed to such.cues. Th. lack of an inducible response may be associated with.th. low cost of an effective defense, or th. lack of an effective defense against a generalist snake predator [Current Zoology 59 （1）： 135-141, 2013].

关键词： Inducible defenses Breeding suppression Lampropeltis getula Mus musculus Predator-prey interactions

Coat color and its effect on preference for th. scent marks of opposite-sex conspecifics in th. meadow vole Microtus pennsylvanicus

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Current Zoology 2012年第2期58卷 221-227页

作者： Ash.ee A. VAUGh. Antedra A. FINGER Porsh.a E. GIBBS michael h. ferkin Department of Biological Sciences The University of Memphis Memphis TN 38152 USA

Many mammal species can distinguish.between opposite-sex conspecifics th.t differ in a certain trait. In th.t coat coloration is associated with.differences in ph.siological and beh.vioral traits, coat color may affect th. attractiveness of odor cues produced by conspecifics. Individuals may be able to respond preferentially to conspecifics with.a particular coat color. In th. present study, we test th. h.poth.sis th.t scent marks of brown and blond voles differ in th.ir attractiveness to male and fe- male conspecifics. Male voles and brown females did not discriminate between blond- and brown-coated opposite-sex con- specifics suggesting th.t th.y are neith.r selecting potential mates dissociatively nor associatively. h.wever, blond females be- h.ved as if th. scent marks of blond males were more attractive th.n were th. scent marks of brown males. Our data suggest th.t blond females wh. are already conspicuous to predators, may select blond males as mates because th.y do not appreciably in- crease th. risk of detection to predators, particularly avian predators. Moreover, because th.se conspicuous males h.ve survived to mate th.y may h.ve good genes th.t reflect th.ir relatively h.gh.r quality

关键词： Coat color Meadow vole Odor preference Olfactory communication Scent mark

与哺乳动物精子竞争有关的两种信息输入处理模式(英文)

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动物学报 2005年第6期51卷 1122-1129页

作者： Javier delBARCO-TRILLO michael h. ferkin Department of Biology University of Memphis Ellington Hall Memphis TN 38152 USA

过去的许多研究集中在“输出”或雄性对特定的精子竞争风险(Risks of spermcompetition,RSC)的反应上,对于雄性利用何种类型的信息来估计RSC也有一些研究。相比而言,缺少对于雄性如何处理RSC信息输入从而产生RSC信息输出的研究。本文提... 详细信息

过去的许多研究集中在“输出”或雄性对特定的精子竞争风险(Risks of spermcompetition,RSC)的反应上,对于雄性利用何种类型的信息来估计RSC也有一些研究。相比而言,缺少对于雄性如何处理RSC信息输入从而产生RSC信息输出的研究。本文提出输入信息处理(直接处理与间接处理)的两种模型并提出了检验这两种模型的方法,以便理解雄性如何处理并储存精子竞争风险的有关信息。直接的输入信息处理模型预测,一个雄性个体可能通过生理反应如激素水平的变化来储存RSC的输入信息。只要这种反应处于活动状态,那么雄性个体将处于“精子竞争风险状态”并产生RSC输出(例如,高精子投资)而不是处于非精子竞争输出状态(例如,相对低的精子投资)。间接的输入信息处理模型预测,雄性个体可能在它的记忆中储存与RSC相关的的输入信息,并在其后使用这些信息以调节其输出(例如,精子投资或交配行为)。我们使用能吸引研究者的多学科方法以理解雄性在不同层次对精子竞争的适应,相信对本文提出假说的检验将有助于新的发现以及新假说的发展。

关键词：精子竞争强度和风险激素记忆交配行为脑

雌、雄草原田鼠外周骨骼肌肌球蛋白重链的表达(英文)

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动物学报 2008年第1期54卷 104-110页

作者： Andrew C. FRY michael h. ferkin Brian K. SCh.LLING Stuart T. LEONARD Matth.w P. h.RBER Martyn R. RUBIN J. Ch.dwick SMITh Department of h.alth Sport & Exercise Sciences The University of Kansas Lawrence KS 66045 USA Department of Biology The University of Memphis Memphis TN 38152 USA Department of h.alth.and Sport Sciences The University of Memphis Memphis TN 38152 USA

已往的研究对于实验室应用的各种啮齿类动物,如大鼠和小鼠骨骼肌蛋白表达的特性已有报道。然而,至今不清楚其它啮齿类动物如野生鼠骨骼肌蛋白的表达或性双态性的特征,而这些野生鼠的行为学、形态学及生理学特点均已有报道。已知骨骼肌... 详细信息

已往的研究对于实验室应用的各种啮齿类动物,如大鼠和小鼠骨骼肌蛋白表达的特性已有报道。然而,至今不清楚其它啮齿类动物如野生鼠骨骼肌蛋白的表达或性双态性的特征,而这些野生鼠的行为学、形态学及生理学特点均已有报道。已知骨骼肌的肌球蛋白重链( Mh.)成分与其功能特性有关。我们研究了草原田鼠的肱三头肌、胫骨前肌、腓肠肌和比目鱼肌Mh.蛋白表达的性别特性。应用SDS聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法测定Mh.Ⅰ型、Ⅱa型、Ⅱd/x和Ⅱb型的蛋白表达相对含量。结果表明:与雌鼠相比,雄鼠的比目鱼肌湿重较大,胫骨前肌的Mh.Ⅱa蛋白量表达较高。未见骨骼肌重量及Mh.蛋白表达含量在雌雄鼠间的性别差异。血中睾酮的浓度差异可能不影响外周骨骼肌蛋白的表达特性。然而,与过去在大鼠、兔和小鼠中的已报道的结果相比,草原田鼠骨骼肌Mh.的表达显示了更多异质性。推测这可能与草原田鼠和其它小型哺乳类动物生存的自然环境和功能需要有关。

关键词：性二态性骨骼肌蛋白同分异构性别

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社会关系和性关系中的自我理毛行为(英文)

动物学报 2005年第5期51卷 772-779页

作者： michael h.ferkin Stuart T.LEONARD University of Memph.s Department of BiologyEllington HallLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterDepartment of Pharmacology MemphisTN38152USANewOrleansLA70112USA

有很多观点解释了动物自我理毛的作用。例如,动物通过自我理毛可以清除在与附近的同种异性接触期间传播来的寄生虫,当嗅出同种异性的气味时也可能自我理毛,因为自我理毛是一种动物在逃避还是战斗之间所面临的进退两难选择时表现出来的... 详细信息

有很多观点解释了动物自我理毛的作用。例如,动物通过自我理毛可以清除在与附近的同种异性接触期间传播来的寄生虫,当嗅出同种异性的气味时也可能自我理毛,因为自我理毛是一种动物在逃避还是战斗之间所面临的进退两难选择时表现出来的改向行为。动物可以通过自我理毛缓解紧张,因而是一种缓解冲动的方式。在其它情况下,动物自我理毛可能表示对同种个体的反应,它们在不同场合下普遍存在自我理毛行为,表明这种行为有多种功能。因此,在这篇综述中,作者尽量避免自我理毛具有其它功能的争议,我们无意把自我理毛看成一种仅仅是对焦虑和紧张的反应、降低体温的机制,或者是一种护理体表的行为,我们也感到这种观点没有新意,这种有局限性的观点不支持自我理毛行为具有多种功能。我们在本文中更多关注的是自我理毛的特定背景,即当一个个体遇到同种个体的气味而出现的自我理毛行为[动物学报51(5):772-779,2005]。

关键词：社会关系性关系自我理毛行为动物学焦虑症状