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Role of conspecifics and personal experience on behavioral avoidance of contaminated flowers by bumblebees

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Current Zoology 2019年第4期65卷 447-455页

作者： Bertrand Fouks Emily g. Robb H. michael g. Lattorff lnstitut fur Biologie Molekulare Okologie Martin-Luther-Universitat Halle-Wittenberg Hoher Weg Halle (Saale) Germany Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES) Department of Biosciences University of Oslo Oslo Norway Microbes and Pathogens Biology The Institute for Global Food Security School of Biological Sciences Queen's University Belfast United Kingdom lnternational Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE) Nairobi Kenya german Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig Deutscher Platz Leipzig Germany

Pollinators use multiple cues whilst foraging in eluding direct cues from flowers and in direct cues from other pollinators. The use of indirect social cues is common in social in sects, such as honeybees and bumblebees, where a social environment facilitates the ability to use such cues. Bumblebees use cues to forage on flowers according to previous foraging experiences. Flowers are an essential food source for pollinators but also pose a high risk of parasite infection through the shared use of flowers leading to parasite spillover. Nevertheless, bumblebees have evolved behavioral defense mechanisms to limit parasite infection by avoiding contaminated flowers. Mechanisms underlying the avoidance of contaminated flowers by bumblebees are poorly understood. Bumblebees were recorded having the choice to forage on non-contaminated flowers and flowers contaminated by a trypan osome gut parasite, Crithidia bombi. The use of different treatments with presence or absence of con specifics on both con taminated and non-contami nated flowers allowed to investigate the role of social visual cues on their pathogen avoidance behavior. Bumblebees are expected to use social visual cues to avoid contaminated flowers. Our study reveals that the presence of a con specific on flowers either con taminated or not does not help bumblebee foragers avoiding contaminated flowers. Nevertheless, bumblebees whereas gaining experie nee tend to avoid their con specific when placed on contami nated flower and copy it whe n on the non-contami nated flower. Our experime nt suggests a detrime ntal impact of floral see nt on disease avoidanee behavior.

关键词： Host-parasite in teractions social learning pollinators inadvertent social information behavioral immunity copying behavior

Multiphase-field modelling of concurrent grain growth and coarsening in complex multicomponent systems

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第10期42卷 215-229页

作者： P.g.Kubendran Amos Ramanathan Perumal michael Selzer Britta Nestler Institute of Applied Materials(1AM-CMS) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Strasse am Forum 776131 KarlsruheGermany Institute of Digital Materials Science(IDM) Karlsruhe University of Applied SciencesMoltkestr.3076133 KarlsruheGermany

Phase-field modelling of microstructural evolution in polycrystalline systems with phase-associated grains has largely been confined to continuum-field *** this study,a multiphase-field approach,with a provision for introducing grain boundary and interphase diffusion,is extended to analyse concurrent grain growth and coarsening in multicomponent polycrystalline microstructures with chemically-distinct *** effect of the number of phases and components on the kinetics of evolution is investigated by considering binary and ternary systems of duplex and triplex microstructures,along with a single phase *** is realised that the mere increase in the number of phases minimises the rate of concurrent grain growth and ***,the effect of components is substantially dependent on the respective kinetic *** work unravels that the disparity in the influence of phases and components is primarily due to the corresponding change introduced in the transformation *** the raise in number of phases convolutes the diffusion paths,the increase in number of component effects the rate of evolution through the interdiffusion,which introduces interdependency in the diffusing ***,the role of phase-fractions on the transformation rate of triplex microstructure is studied,and correspondingly,the interplay of interface-and diffusion-governed evolution is elucidated.A representative evolution of three-dimensional triplex microstructure with equal phase-fraction is comparatively analysed with the evolution of corresponding two-dimensional setup.

关键词： Concurrent grain growth and coarsening Duplex and triplex microstructure Microstructural coarsening Multiphase grain growth Multiphase-field modelling

Recent advances in the treatment of opioid use disorders–focus on long-acting buprenorphine formulations

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2021年第9期11卷 543-552页

作者： michael Soyka Andreas g Franke Psychiatric Hospital University of MunichMünchen 80336Germany University of Applied Labour Studies Mannheim 68163Germany

Oral methadone or sublingual buprenorphine are first-line medications for pharmacotherapy of opioid use disorders(OUDs).Three long-acting buprenorphine depot or implant formulations are currently available for the treatment of OUDs:(1)CAM 2038(Buvidal)for subcutaneous weekly and monthly application;(2)RBP-6000(Sublocade^(TM))as a monthly depot formulation;and(3)A six-month buprenorphine implant[Probuphine^(TM)].The pharmacology,clinical efficacy and prospects of these medications are discussed.

关键词： Opioids Opioid dependence Maintenance treatment Methadone Buprenorphine Depot Implant

The cellular receptor for enterovirus 71

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Protein & Cell 2014年第9期5卷 655-657页

作者： Yue Liu michael g. Rossmann Department of Biological Sciences Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA

The Picornaviridae family consists of a large group of non- enveloped, icosahedral viruses with a single, positivestranded IRNA genome. The family includes pathogens that are notable for a variety of human and animal diseases （Racaniello, 2007）. Picornaviruses initiate infections by attachment to host cell receptor molecules and then undergo uncoating to release the viral genome into the cytosol for replication （Racaniello, 2007）. The enterovirus （EV） genus is perhaps the most intensively studied genus among the 26 known genera.

关键词： Picornaviridae genome Picornaviruses

Chatter prediction for uncertain parameters

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Advances in Manufacturing 2018年第3期6卷 319-333页

作者： michael Loser Andreas Otto Steffen Ihlenfeidt günter Radons Institute of Machine Tools and Control Engineering TU Dresden 01069 Dresden Germany Institute of Physics Chemnitz University of Technology09107 Chemnitz Germany

The occurrence of chatter in milling processeswas investigated in this study. The prediction of the sta-bility lobes of metal cutting processes requires a model ofthe cutting force and a model of the dynamic machine toolbehavior. Parameter uncertainties in the models may leadto significant differences between the predicted and mea-sured stability behavior. One approach towards robuststability consists of running a large number of simulationswith a random sample of uncertain parameters and deter-mining the confidence levels for the chatter vibrations,which is a time-consuming task. In this paper, an efficientimplementation of the multi frequency solution and theconstruction of an approximate solution is presented. Theapproximate solution requires the explicit calculation of themulti frequency solution only at a few parameter points,and the approximation error can be kept small. This studyfound that the calculation of the robust stability lobe dia-gram, which is based on the approximate solution, is sig-nificantly more efficient than an explicit calculation at allrandom parameter points. The numerically determinedrobust stability diagrams were in good agreement with theexperimentally determined stability lobes.

关键词： Milling Chatter Uncertainties Vibration Stability

Propofol use in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic ultrasound

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2014年第18期20卷 5171-5176页

作者： Danny g Cheriyan michael F Byrne Department of gastroenterology University of British ColumbiaVancouver General HospitalVancouverBC V5Z 1M9Canada

Compared to standard endoscopy,endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)and endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)are often lengthier and more complex,thus requiring higher doses of sedatives for patient comfort and *** aim of this review is to provide the reader with information regarding the use,safety profile,and merits of propofol for sedation in advanced endoscopic procedures like ERCP and EUS,based on the current literature.

关键词： Propofol Endoscopy Ndoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Endoscopic ultrasound Safety

Use of an immunocapture device to detect cytokine release in discrete brain regions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 703-704页

作者： Matthew g.Frank michael V.Baratta Department of Integrative Physiology University of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA(Frank MG)Department of Psychology and NeuroscienceUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA(Baratta MV)

Production of proinflammatory cytokines in the central nervous system is a key process in the neuroinflammatory response to trauma,infection,and neurodegenerative diseases(Kumar,2019).These intercellular signaling molecules play multiple roles in the immune response in the central nervous system including the orchestration of the sickness response to innate immune perturbations in the brain(Dantzer et al.,2008).

关键词： system release innate

Computer animations of color markings revealthe function of visual threat signals inNeolamprologus pulcher

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Current Zoology 2017年第1期63卷 45-54页

作者： Valentina BALZARINI michael TABORSKY Fabienne VILLA Joachim g. FROMMEN Institute of Ecology and Evolution Behavioral Ecology Division University of Bern Wohlenstrasse 50a 3032Hinterkappelen Switzerland

Visual signals, including changes in coloration and color patterns, are frequently used by animalsto convey information. During contests, body coloration and its changes can be used to assess anopponent＇s state or motivation. Communication of aggressive propensity is particularly importantin group-living animals with a stable dominance hierarchy, as the outcome of aggressive inter-actions determines the social rank of group members. Neolamprologus pulcher is a cooperativelybreeding cichlid showing frequent within-group aggression. Both sexes exhibit two vertical blackstripes on the operculum that vary naturally in shape and darkness. During frontal threat displaysthese patterns are actively exposed to the opponent, suggesting a signaling function. To investi-gate the role of operculum stripes during contests we manipulated their darkness in computeranimated pictures of the fish. We recorded the responses in behavior and stripe darkness of testsubjects to which these animated pictures were presented. Individuals with initially darker stripeswere more aggressive against the animations and showed more operculum threat *** stripes of test subjects became darker after exposure to an animation exhibiting a paleoperculum than after exposure to a dark operculum animation, highlighting the role of the dark-ness of this color pattern in opponent assessment. We conclude that （i） the black stripes on theoperculum of N. pulcherare a reliable signal of aggression and dominance, （ii） these markings playan important role in opponent assessment, and （iii） 2D computer animations are well suited to elicitbiologically meaningful short-term aggressive responses in this widely used model system ofsocial evolution.

关键词： aggression, agonistic behavior, animated pictures, cichlid fish, communication, cooperation, social, threat display.

Comparison of closure measurements with finite element model results in an underground coal mine in central Utah

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2019年第1期29卷 9-15页

作者： William g.Pariseau michael K.McCarter Jessica M.Wempen Department of Mining Engineering University of Utah

Quantitative analysis of mine-wide subsidence at the kilometer scale and details of stress distribution about an advancing longwall face are estimated using an adaptation of the finite element method. The method is well suited to the tasks at hand. For greater realism, variability of strata properties is taken into account as are the effects of joints and cleats on elastic moduli and strengths. Evolution of pillar stress and entry closure remote from the face is readily quantified in a series of analyses that simulate face advance. Computed results compare favorably with the evolution of closure measurements about an instrumented pillar in a two-entry headgate. The appropriateness of the finite element method is confirmed. This method is based on first principles that avoid empirical schemes of uncertain applicability and numerical models ‘‘calibrated" by fitting computer output to mine measurements.

关键词： Finite element modeling Longwall mining Mine subsidence Stress modeling