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Barriers and motivators to the adoption of electric vehicles:A global review

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Green Energy and Intelligent Transportation 2024年第2期3卷 79-88页

作者： Apurva Pamidimukkala Sharareh Kermanshachi Jay michael Rosenberger Greg Hladik Assistant Professor of Research Department of Civil EngineeringUniversity of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTX 76019USA Professor Department of Civil EngineeringUniversity of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTX 76019USA Department of Industrial Engineering University of Texas at Arlington(UTA)Woolf HallArlingtonTX 76019USA Executive Director Auxiliary Services University of Texas at Arlington710 S.Davis DriveArlingtonTX76019USA

Electric vehicles(EVs)have the potential to mitigate the severity of significant concerns including environmental pollution and reliance on fossil fuels;however,despite strong governmental promotional efforts,their market penetration is still at the nascent *** paper empirically investigates the factors that affect the consumers'intention to adopt EVs by conducting an exhaustive literature *** initial search resulted in 1,690 publications,but after a thorough exclusion process,537 articles were deemed relevant and were sorted by source,publication year,country of origin,data collection method,and research *** results revealed the influential factors over individuals’desire to adopt an EV were categorized into four main types(contextual,situational,demographic,and psychological);situational factors,that can act as both barriers and motivators,had the most influencing *** most cited barriers to adoption of EVs were found to be the lack of charging stations availability and their limited driving *** most cited motivators to EV adoption were found to be reduction in air pollution and the availability of policy *** findings of this study may guide policymakers in formulating effective transportation and energy policies,as well as provide guidance to those who are responsible for designing EVs that fit the needs and demands of potential consumers.

关键词： Electric vehicles Sustainability Adoption Policies Barriers Motivators

Leveraging machine learning to generate a unified and complete building height dataset for Germany

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Energy and AI

Energy and AI 2024年第3期17卷 327-341页

作者： Kristina Dabrock Noah Pflugradt Jann michael Weinand Detlef Stolten Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Institute of Climate and Energy SystemsJülich Systems Analysis52425 JülichGermany RWTH Aachen University Chair for Fuel CellsFaculty of Mechanical Engineering52062 AachenGermany

Building geometry data is crucial for detailed, spatially-explicit analyses of the building stock in energy systems analysis and beyond. Despite the existence of diverse datasets and methods, a standardized and validated approach for creating a nation-wide unified and complete dataset of German building heights is not yet available. This study develops and validates such a methodology, combining different data sources for building footprints and heights and filling gaps in height data using an XGBoost machine learning algorithm. The XGBoost model achieves a mean absolute error of 1.78 m at the national level and between 1.52 m and 3.47 m at the federal state level. The goal is proving the applicability of the methodology at a large scale and creating a useful dataset. The resulting dataset is thoroughly evaluated on a building-by-building level and spatially resolved statistics on the quality of the dataset are reported. This detailed validation found that the building number and footprint area of German building stock is 90.31 % and 94.84 % correct, respectively, and the building height accuracy is 0.59 m at the national level. However, errors are not homogeneous across Germany and further research is needed into the impact of including additional datasets, especially for regions and building types with lower accuracies. This study proves that the chosen methodology is useful for generating a building height dataset and the workflow, with some modifications for regional data availability, can be transferred to other countries. The generated building dataset for Germany constitutes a valuable data basis for the research community in fields such as energy research, urban planning and building decarbonization policy development.

关键词： Machine learning XGBoost Building height Building footprint 3-D building data Geodata Spatial analysis

Oral administration of egg white ovotransferrin prevents osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第5期13卷 2562-2572页

作者： Nan Shang Xiaoyu Bao michael Doschak Jianping Wu Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional ScienceUniversity of AlbertaEdmonton T6G 2P5Canada College of Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality Department of Nutrition and HealthyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Faculty of Pharmacy&Pharmaceutical Sciences University of AlbertaEdmonton T6G 2H5Canada

Ovotransferrin,an iron-binding glycoprotein,accounting for approximately 12%of egg white protein,is a member of transferrin fam *** previous studies showed that ovotransferrin stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts,while inhibits osteoclastogenesis and resorption *** work aims to study the efficacy of orally administered ovotransferrin on the prevention of osteoporosis using ovariectomized(OVX)Sprague-Dawley *** administration of ovotransferrin showed no negative effect on body weight,food intake and organ *** 12-week treatment,feeding ovotransferrin at a dose of 1%(1 g ovotransferrin/100 g diet)prevented OVX-induced bone loss and maintained relatively high bone mineral density and integrated bone *** serum concentration of biomarkers indicating bone formation was increased in ovotransferrin administration groups,while the bone resorption biomarkers were *** feeding also decreased the production of serum cytokine TNF-αand IL-6,which are two stimulators for osteoclast *** addition to its direct regulatory role on bone turnover,ovotransferrin supplementation might benefit osteoporosis prevention by inhibiting adipogenesis,and regulating immune *** results suggested the potential application of ovotransferrin as a functional food ingredient on the prevention of osteoporosis.

关键词： Ovotransferrin Ovariectomized(OVX)rats Bone mineral density Bone microarchitecture Bone resorption Inflammation

Hydrogen trapping and diffusion in polycrystalline nickel:The spectrum of grain boundary segregation

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第6期173卷 225-236页

作者： Yu Ding Haiyang Yu Meichao Lin michael Ortiz Senbo Xiao Jianying He Zhiliang Zhang Department of Structural Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology(NTNU)Trondheim 7491Norway Division of Applied Mechanics Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUppsala UniversityUppsala 75121Sweden Graduate Aerospace Laboratories California Institute of Technology1200 E.California Blvd.PasadenaCA 91125USA

Hydrogen as an interstitial solute at grain boundaries(GBs)can have a catastrophic impact on the mechanical properties of many *** the global research effort,the underlying hydrogen-GB interactions in polycrystals remain inadequately *** this study,using Voronoi tessellations and atomistic simulations,we elucidate the hydrogen segregation energy spectrum at the GBs of polycrystalline nickel by exploring all the topologically favorable segregation *** distinct peaks in the energy spectrum are identified,corresponding to different structural *** first peak(-0.205 eV)represents the most favorable segregation sites at GB core,while the second and third peaks account for the sites at GB *** incorporating a thermodynamic model,the spectrum enables the determination of the equilibrium hydrogen concentrations at GBs,unveiling a remarkable two to three orders of magnitude increase compared to the bulk hydrogen concentration reported in experimental *** identified structures from the GB spectrum exhibit vastly different behaviors in hydrogen segregation and diffusion,with the low-barrier channels inside GB core contributing to short-circuit diffusion,while the high energy gaps between GB and neighboring lattice serving as on-plane diffusion *** square displacement analysis further confirms the findings,and shows that the calculated GB diffusion coefficient is three orders of magnitude greater than that of *** present study has a significant implication for practical applications since it offers a tool to bridge the gap between atomic-scale interactions and macroscopic behaviors in engineering materials.

关键词： Hydrogen embrittlement Grain boundaries Impurity segregation Polycrystal Atomistic simulations

Use of donepezil for neurocognitive recovery after brain injury in adult and pediatric populations:a scoping review

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1686-1695页

作者： Avery L.Miller Nathan K.Evanson J.michael Taylor University of Cincinnati College of Medicine CincinnatiOHUSA Department of Pediatrics University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA Division of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA Division of Neurology Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA

There are few pharmacologic options for the treatment of cognitive deficits associated with traumatic brain injury in pediatric *** inhibitors such as donepezil have been evaluated in adult patients after traumatic brain injury,but relatively less is known about the effect in pediatric *** goal of this review is to identify knowledge gaps in the efficacy and safety of acetylcholinesterase inhibito rs as a potential a djuvant treatment fo r neurocognitive decline in pediatric patients with traumatic brain *** queried PubMed to identify literature published from database inception thro ugh June 2023 desc ribing the use of donepezil in young adult traumatic brain injury and pediatric patients with predefined *** on preselected search criteria,340 unique papers we re selected for title and abstra ct ***-two reco rds were reviewed in full after eliminating preclinical studies and pape rs outside the scope of the *** adult traumatic brain injury,we review results from 14 papers detailing 227 subjects where evidence suggests donepezil is well tole rated and shows both objective and patient-reported efficacy for reducing cognitive *** children,3 pape rs report on 5 children recovering from traumatic brain injury,showing limited *** additional 15 pediatric studies conducted in populations at risk for cognitive dysfunction provide a broader look at safety and efficacy in 210 patients in the pediatric age *** its promise for efficacy in adults with traumatic brain injury and tole rability in pediatric patients,we believe further study of donepezil for children and adolescents with traumatic brain injury is warranted.

关键词： acetylcholinesterase inhibitor adult cognition donepezil pediatrics traumatic brain injury

Back to the drawing board:Overview of the next generation of combination therapy for inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第25期30卷 3182-3184页

作者： Jeffrey A Lowell michael J Farber Keith Sultan Department of Medicine Zucker School of Medicine at HofstraNorth Shore University Hospital-Long Island Jewish Medical CenterManhassetNY 11030United States Preclinical Studies New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic MedicineGlen HeadNY 11545United States Division of Gastroenterology Northwell HealthNorth Shore University Hospital and Long Island Jewish Medical CenterGreat NeckNY 10021United States

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is entering a potentially new era of combined *** et al provide an insightful review of the current state of combination therapy,with a focus on the use of a combined biologic and immunomodulator,as well as emerging data on the future potential of dual-biologic therapy(DBT).While current evidence for DBT is limited,encouraging safety profiles and ongoing trials suggest a brighter future for this *** importance of controlled trials should be stressed in establishing new treatment *** prospective randomized trials of DBT and perhaps future combinations of biologics and small molecule therapies will hopefully guide the next generation of IBD care.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Biologics Immunomodulators Dual-therapy Combination therapy

Glucagon-like-peptide-1 receptor agonists and the management of type 2 diabetes-backwards and forwards

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第3期15卷 326-330页

作者： michael Horowitz Lu Cai Md Shahidul Islam Department of Medicine University of AdelaideAdelaide 5005Australia Pediatric Research Institute University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY 40202United States Department of Biochemistry School of Life SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalDurban 4000KwaZulu-NatalSouth Africa

This editorial is stimulated by the article by Alqifari et al published in the World Journal of Diabetes(2024).Alqifari et al focus on practical advice for the clinical use of glucagon-like-peptide-1(GLP-1)receptor agonists(GLP-1RAs)in the management of type 2 diabetes and this editorial provides complementary *** initially give a brief historical perspective of the development of GLP-1RAs stimulated by recognition of the‘incretin effect’,the substantially greater insulin increase to enteral when compared to euglycaemic intravenous glucose,and the identification of the incretin hormones,GIP and *** addition to stimulating insulin,GLP-1 reduces postprandial glucose levels by slowing gastric ***-1RAs were developed because native GLP-1 has a very short plasma *** majority of current GLP-1RAs are administered by subcutaneous injection once a *** are potent in glucose lowering without leading to hypoglycaemia,stimulate weight loss in obese individuals and lead to cardiovascular and renal *** landscape in relation to GLP-1RAs is broadening rapidly,with different formulations and their combination with other peptides to facilitate both glucose lowering and weight *** is a need for more information relating to the effects of GLP-1RAs to induce gastrointestinal symptoms and slow gastric emptying which is likely to allow their use to become more effective and personalised.

关键词： Glucagon-like-peptide-1 Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide Gastric emptying Type 2 diabetes

Numerical study of novel OME_(1-6) combustion mechanism and spray combustion at changed ambient environments

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Frontiers in Energy 2024年第4期18卷 483-505页

作者： Frederik WIESMANN Zeyan QIU Dong HAN Lukas STRAUβ Sebastian RIEβ michael WENSING Thomas LAUER Institute of Powertrains and Automotive Technology TU Wien1060 ViennaAustria Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of Education Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Professorship for Fluid Systems Technology Friedrich-AlexanderUniversität Erlangen-Nürnberg91058 ErlangenGermany

For a climate-neutral future mobility,the socalled e-fuels can play an essential ***,oxygenated e-fuels containing oxygen in their chemical formula have the additional potential to burn with significantly lower soot *** particular,polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers or oxymethylene ethers(PODEs or OMEs)do not contain carbon-carbon bonds,prohibiting the production of soot precursors like acetylene(C_(2)H_(2)).These properties make OMEs a highly interesting candidate for future climate-neutral compression-ignition ***,to fully leverage their potential,the auto-ignition process,flame propagation,and mixing regimes of the combustion need to be *** achieve this,efficient oxidation mechanisms suitable for computational fluid dynamics(CFD)calculations must be developed and *** present work aims to highlight the improvements made by developing an adapted oxidation mechanism for OME1-6 and introducing it into a validated spray combustion CFD model for *** simulations were conducted for single-and multi-injection patterns,changing ambient temperatures,and oxygen *** results were validated against high-pressure and high-temperature constantpressure chamber ****-chemiluminescence measurements accomplished the characterization of the auto-ignition *** experiments and simulations were conducted for two different *** improvements concerning the prediction of the ignition delay time were accomplished while also retaining an excellent agreement for the flame lift-off *** spatial zones of high-temperature reaction activity were also affected by the adaption of the reaction *** showed a greater tendency to form OH^(*) radicals within the center of the spray in accordance with the experiments.

关键词： oxygenated fuels reaction kinetics oxidation mechanisms computational fluid dynamics(CFD) oxymethylene ethers(OME) e-fuels multiinjection spray-combustion

Spark plasma sintering of tungsten-based WTaVCr refractory high entropy alloys for nuclear fusion applications

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第1期31卷 146-154页

作者： Yongchul Yoo Xiang Zhang Fei Wang Xin Chen Xing-Zhong Li michael Nastasi Bai Cui Department of Mechanical&Materials Engineering University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68588USA Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68588USA Department of Nuclear Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA

W-based WTaVCr refractory high entropy alloys (RHEA) may be novel and promising candidate materials for plasma facing components in the first wall and diverter in fusion reactors. This alloy has been developed by a powder metallurgy process combining mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering (SPS). The SPSed samples contained two phases, in which the matrix is RHEA with a body-centered cubic structure, while the oxide phase was most likely Ta2VO6through a combined analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD),energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). The higher oxygen affinity of Ta and V may explain the preferential formation of their oxide phases based on thermodynamic calculations. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) revealed an average grain size of 6.2μm. WTaVCr RHEA showed a peak compressive strength of 2997 MPa at room temperature and much higher micro-and nano-hardness than W and other W-based RHEAs in the literature. Their high Rockwell hardness can be retained to at least 1000°C.

关键词： refractory high entropy alloy plasma-facing material fusion reactor spark plasma sintering